Republic o China: ōhanga, taupori, hītori

e kore tokomaha te iwi e ara mōhio e inaianei te ao, ko te neke atu i te kotahi Republic o Haina, a e rua, kua te kuhimua "iwi" tetahi anake o ratou. Otiia e kore e katoa te e. I roto i te rau tau rua tekau i reira ko tetahi wa poto tetahi Republic o Haina, ko tenei wa te "Soviet". Whakamātauria ki te feruri i roto i tetahi o ratou e te mea.

China

Ko tenei he āhua kaha i roto i te ao kei te mohiotia whānuitia i raro i te ingoa ake maheni o "Haina". I hanga e te reira i 01.10.1949 ko te whakapaipai o tenei whenua i roto i Beijing. China (PRC) ko te āhua hapori. Ki te rā, kua heamana reira e Xi Jinping. Kingi te whenua te Party Communist o Haina. Tenei whenua Ko te mema tūturu o te Kaunihera Haumarutanga UN. A ki ia ra e haere te tupu vitiviti tona taimaha i roto i tōrangapū ao, me te ōhanga.

Kua tiaki tonu te Kawanatanga o te nga People Republic o Haina e pā ana ki te āheinga o te whenua korero. Ka rite ki o tenei ra, Haina ko te rangatira o te ope nui i roto i te ao. I te wa ano hoki i te reira kua he täoro nui o patu karihi. Ko te nui rawa pa i roto i Haina e Beijing, Chongqing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Tianjin. Ahakoa te meka e te tokomaha nui o te iwi e noho ana i roto i tenei whenua e korero reo rerekē, i te reo e pā ana to ratou tetahi - nga Hainamana.

wāhi matawhenua me ngā mōhiohio whānui e pā ana ki China

kei Iwi Republic o Haina i roto i te rāwhiti Ahia. Ko tōna taunga e 32 ° 48'00 "ahopae raki me te 103 ° 05'00" ahopou rawhiti. Tenei āhua ni'ai te wahi tuatoru i roto i te ao i roto i tona rohe. hipokina te reira i te wāhi o tata 9.6 miriona mita pūrua. km. Otiia i roto i ngā o te taupori ki Haina, e taea kahore tetahi whakataetae. He tata 2013 taupori o 1.366.500.000 iwi i roto i tenei whenua.

horoia Haina e te moana o te Pacific Ocean (Te Tai Rāwhiti China, Yellow, Tonga Haina). Ana hoa ko Russia, Te Tai Tokerau Korea, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, Vietnam, Laos. Rohe o Haina tīmata i te rohe ki a Te Tai Tokerau Korea me hora ki Vietnam. He he roa o 14.5 mano. Km. wā katoa e hāngai China ki +8. waehere whenua Waea +86.

Economy Hainamana

Iwi Republic o Haina, ko tetahi o nga rangatira o te ōhanga ao. Na, i te mutunga o 2013 ko tona GDP 7.318.000.000.000.000 US tāra, e hāngai ana i runga i te taupori o te whenua, ko te 6569 tara. Hua Gross i te hoko te mana örite (PPP) moni ki 12 383 trillion US tara. I roto i ia ngā kikotoru, moni reira ki $ 9828. I roto i te Hakihea 2014, kua riro ōhanga o Haina te tuatahi i roto i te ao i runga i tenei tohu.

I roto i a te People Republic o China moni motu ko te renminbi (CNY). hāngai te reira ki te waehere mamati o te whenua o te take 156. whänuitanga te ōhanga o te nga People Republic. I te wa ano Haina ko te rangatira ao e mōhiotia ana i roto i te hanga o maha ngā momo o ngā hua ahumahi, pēnei i te motokā, me taputapu. hoko te reira ki tata whenua katoa he nui nui o taonga kiritaki, na kei te maha huaina ana a reira te "wheketere o te ao". China - te taata tei mau nui o rāhui utu ke.

taupori China

Tangata Whanaketanga Index (HDI) i roto i te 2014, runga China 91 th i roto i whenua. Ko ia 0,719, i te mea he hua tino pai. Demonym (te ingoa o te tangata o te takiwa ngā) oro rite "Hainamana", "Hainamana", "Hainamana".

I roto i Haina i reira he tekau o nga iwi rerekē (56 mana mohio). rerekē ratou i roto i o ratou tikanga, tuku iho, kākahu, kai. He tokomaha o ratou i to ratou ake reo. Katoa o enei iti iwi i roto i te pūkete katoa mō te% 7 anake o te taupori o tenei ahua. Ko te nuinga o noho i roto i Haina - nga Hainamana, e karanga ratou i te "Han".

Ahakoa te meka e mai 1979 e te i te whenua mana whanau pakeke, hua tūturu ā-tau o te taupori tonu ki te tupu papû. Ko te tümanako ora o te iwi Hainamana, ko te 71 ia tau. I roto i nga tau tata nei, ko te rahi o noho tāone me te tuawhenua e tata rite, tohu e auau tiketike te whenua o o tāone. Ko te taupori o o nga People Republic parau e whai ake akonoanga nui - Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism.

History General o te PRC

China - tetahi o nga āhua matamua i roto i te ao. Tahi mau aivanaa whakapono e te ao e kua State e pā ana ki 5000 tau. Wātea puna i tuhituhia whakaū e i roto i China kua 3.5 mano tau ki muri i reira nga hinonga whakahaere ki te pūnaha mana whakawhanakehia. Tētahi ki ia rangatira whare mahi i runga i tona whakapai ake. Kua tonu i hāngai te ōhanga o tenei whenua i runga i te whanaketanga o te ahuwhenua.

He tūranga nui i roto i te whakapakari o te ao Haina takaro e te whakataki o te Confucianism rite te Māoritanga kāwanatanga me te pūnaha tuhituhi kotahi. ¶ Na i roto i te II-ahau rautau BC. Hoki rau o nga tau te ngā rangatiratanga me kawanatanga, e i roto i te rohe, te ngā, ka hinga motu. I te wa ano iwi rohe tukua i whakaeke tonu o iwi mohoao. Hei tiaki i hanga ratou e Wall nui o Haina. Hoki mano o nga tau whakawhanakehia tenei ao kaha, i whawhai, whakaritea ki nga iwi Āhia a tawhio noa. Modern Haina Ko te hua o rau tau-tau ngā tukanga tōrangapū, me te ahurea.

Hoki mano o nga tau tenei kāwanatanga kingi e fetaulaki'anga o dynasties rerekē. roa Republic o Haina, ka karanga Zhonghua mingo, i 1911 ki te 1949

12/02/1912, te kingi whakamutunga, Pu Yi, hainatia te Tuhinga o te torona. I roto i tenei ahua whakaurua he puka Republican o te kāwanatanga i roto i te ture, engari i roto i te meka i roto i te wā i 1911 ki te tau 1949 tonu i roto i te "Time o aue." I te wa ano, ka whawhati China ake ki hinonga kāwanatanga rerekē puta i raro i nga wae ope porowini. Anake i roto i te tau 1949, ka te Hainamana Army Communist Party o (CPC) te toa i roto i te pakanga ā-iwi e haere i runga i roto i tona rohe. Kua nui wāhi tenei ki te tautoko o te Soviet Union. riro CCP te Rōpū tūpato o Republic o Haina, ka karanga te Kuomintang. rere ana nga rangatira o te whakamutunga ki Taiwan. I reira, ka e ratou nga kaiwhakatū o te kāwanatanga rite te Republic o Haina.

karanga o te käwanatanga

I roto i te Mahuru 1949, piri te rohe o Haina hou Kaunihera Whiriwhiri o te tangata Hainamana. Ko ia te tangata e karangatia a nga People Republic o te mātauranga. I tenei wa i pōtitia ia Kaunihera te tangata o Central Kāwanatanga (CPPCC), i riro te heamana Mao Tszedun. I roto i te 1954, i roto i Haina, i tangohia te Ture, te whakaingoa TSNPS i te Komiti Tuuturu o te National People o Congress.

I roto i te wā i te tau 1949 ki te 1956, te Soviet Union i hurihia āwhina katoa ki te State i te hanga o ngā ahumahi taketake. kawea Kōawa me collectivization i roto i runga i te rohe o te Republic. timata tere rahi ki te whakawhanake i hanga hapori. I roto i te 1956, kua whakaaturia te akoranga hou o te whanaketanga kua i roto i te whenua, i roto i nei ka incarnate i roto i te ora i te whakaaro o Mao Zedong ki "communisation" kaupapa here me te "tupeke nui mua". Mai i 1966 ki te 1976, i kauwhautia China te "revolution ahurea", i arahina ki te whakapakari o te aroraa o te piha haapiiraa. Haere i runga i te ara "motuhake" o te whanaketanga, te āhua me te hapori whakakahore nga whanaunga koloa-moni, kua rāhuitia ngā puka kāwanatanga-kore o te mana, tio whanaunga ōhanga ke, me te ki te mau tamataraa tūmatanui.

Ko te timatanga o te "merekara ōhanga"

Haere mai ki te kaha whakahe Den Syaopin nga kaupapa here o tona mua, a i roto i te 1977 whakarewahia te pakanga hou, i huaina "Beijing Spring". I roto i te tau 1978, i te plenum o te auau CPC i karangatia he ōhanga mākete hapori. i ia āhuatanga motuhake. i mahara ia ki te whakakotahi i te whakamahere me te tohatoha, me te pūnaha mākete ki te attraction nui o haumi ke. Kua riro hinonga Hainamana atu mana motuhake i roto i to ratou mahi ōhanga. I tino heke te reira i roto i te ōhanga rāngai tūmatanui tuwhera rohe ōhanga free. utua aro nui te ki wikitoria te rawakore o te taupori, me te ahunga whakamua pūtaiao, me te hangarau.

Na roto i te mutunga o nga 80s o te rau tau rua tekau kua tino whakaratohia te taupori o te nga People Republic ki te kai. Kua āta nui haere nga tau, GDP me te production ahumahi. Kua pai te hoatu Den Syaopina hanganga ki mahi, me te whai i ona farii:

• 1993 - Tszyan Tszemin;
• 2002 - Hu Tszintao;
• mai 2012 - Xi Jinping.

pūnaha China State

tuhia ake i roto i te whenua i hanga 4 o te Ture (1954, 1975, 1978, 1982 gg.). E ai ki te whakamutunga o ratou, Haina ko te āhua hapori o te tonotono manapori o te iwi. Ko tōna mana teitei ko te unicameral National o People Congress (National People o Congress). Kei a ia ko te maha nui o kaitohutohu (2979), nei e pōtitia mō ngā pōtitanga ā-rohe-tau 5. tutuki ia tau NPC. Hei wāhi i roto i te pōtitanga whakaaetia ngā mema anake o te CPC me 8 o te "manapori" rōpū, e he wahi o te CPPCC (Political Whiriwhiri Kaunihera o People Hainamana). Ko te tinana whakahaere rawa - te Kaunihera o State, ranei (rite te maha huaina ana a reira) Kāwanatanga nga tangata o Central. Kei a ia ko: Prime ki ana ariki, minita, Kaitätari, ngā mema o te mau, te papa'i parau faatere. marae Rawa - Kooti nga Iwi o Hupirimi. tūranga nui i roto i te whanaketanga o te whenua takaro e mana ā-rohe - Congress o te iwi, me te whakahaere, me te whakahaere kāwanatanga (motu).

Ki te rā, ona ake ture, i reira he rohe whakahaere motuhake, ara - i roto i Hong Kong a Macau. Ko te upoko o o nga People Republic o Haina, Xi Jinping, e kore e mutu hoa whanaunga ki te whai o te USSR - te Federation Russian. Katoa tau te aroha i waenganui i nga whenua e rua, me te tahi te whiwhi mahi tahi painga whakauka. Embassy o o nga People Republic o Haina i roto i te Russian Federation piri faufaa nui ki te whakapakari ake o whanaunga i waenganui i to tatou whenua.

wehenga whakahaere

Ka rite ki Haina - nui i roto i te tauine, me te āhua taupori, te mea he hanganga whakahaere rawa matatini. China faaohipa mana i runga i 22 kawanatanga, ka whakapono te kāwanatanga adminedinitsey 23 Taiwan. Ko te hanganga o tenei kāwanatanga hoki ngā 5 rohe motuhake, 4 municipalities (pa mana pokapū), 2 kōwae rohe motuhake. Tahi, e karangatia ratou "Mainland China". wae whakahaere motuhake e: Hong Kong, Makao, Taiwan.

I roto i te meka, i roto i China reira he taumata o te kāwanatanga ā-rohe:

• porowini (23 kawanatanga, pa subordination pokapū 4, 5 me te 2 wāhi motuhake motuhake);
• Ara iahiko (15 prefectures aimak 3, 286 me te 30 rohe tāone motuhake);
• mataeinaa (kauti: 1455 Simple, 370 - terenga, 117 - motuhake: 857 mau, me te motuhake rohe 4: 49 khoshuns ohie, me te motuhake 3);
• Pāriha (13,587 me 1085 National tikanga Kauti, 19.683 whakataunga 106 ohie me 1 motu TJS 2 rohe mataeinaa whakahau me te huarahi Komiti 7194);
• tuawhenua (tāone noho, hapori, kainga).

Hong Kong Ko tetahi o nga pokapū pūtea o te ao. I roto i tenei rohe whakahaere motuhake o Haina, i haere i raro i tona mana i roto i te 1997, he kāinga ki te neke atu i te 7 miriona iwi. Macau - rohe motuhake (koroni Portuguese mua), i reira atu atu i te 0.5 miriona te iwi.

Republic o China

Me mahi tatou i teie nei ki te āhua kei runga i tenei rohe. Ko wai te mea te Republic o Haina? Ko he mea noa rite Taiwan, e whakaaro te kāwanatanga Chinese te kawanatanga 23 o te whenua. Kei tenei motu i roto i te Pacific Ocean te 150 km atu te rohe ki te rawhiti o te tuawhenua China. I waenganui ia ratou ko te Taiwan Strait. Ko te rohe o te motu, ko te 36 sq. M. km.

kauwhautia motuhake o tenei āhua i runga i 10.10.1911 pa, engari tae noa ki tenei te mea he āhukahuka takawaenga kanohi. reo mōhiohio o Taiwana - Chinese. Ko tōna whakapaipai - Taipei. Tenei Republic Ko te manapori ki te pūnaha āhua-peresideniraa o te kāwanatanga me te Nunui o te Ao. Ki te rā, Taiwan ko tetahi o nga whenua tino whakawhanakehia i roto i te rohe. Ko reira wahi o te "wha Tigers Āhia" pera-ka karanga. Peresideni o te Republic he whakauru Ma Intszyu.

Kara o te Republic o Haina ko te haki whero, tohu te whenua, me te tapawhā puru i roto i te kokonga mauī o runga, i te mea he rangi. E whakaatu ana te reira i te ra ma. tuatahi ka puta Kara o te Republic o Haina i roto i te tau 1928 i roto i te Kuomintang.

I roto i Taiwan, te kāinga ki e pā ana ki 23.3 miriona te iwi. Ki te GDP mō ia i roto i te 2013 moni ki 39 767 US tara, i te mea 11 ngā wā nui atu i tenei ahua i roto i China. Taiwan ahumahi hangarau e whai wāhi nui i roto i te ōhanga o te ao. Na tona uara i tau ki te tau anake whakanuia ana. Economy o te Republic o Haina pai te whakawhanakehia i runga i te tekau tau o mua i roto i te whakamahi o te hou hangarau me te mātauranga pai o te taupori. Ko te moni o tenei whenua - Taiwan moni.

Mātauranga o te Republic o Haina mō te tekau tau whakawhanakehia na e reira e nga wa katoa ki te pūkete te titauraa te huri o te ōhanga tipu. Ki te rā, te wā o te mātauranga taketake herea he 9 tau. Aita i maoro a'e, e hiahia ana Taiwan mana ki te whakawhānui i tēnei ki te 12 tau. Kei te nuinga o tītaha te pūnaha mātauranga katoa ki te ako o te pūtaiao hangarau. Ka rite ki te hua o piahi whakangungu i tetahi o nga taumata teitei o te whakangungu i roto i te pāngarau me te pūtaiao.

Hainamana Soviet Republic

He taitahi o te hapori-Communism, he tokomaha kua roa wareware. e mohio ana torutoru iwi e reira ko he āhua pēnei, rite te Hainamana Soviet Republic. roa te reira i tino roa. I hanga tēnei āhua iti i roto i 1931 i raro i te ārahitanga o te Pāti Communist i roto i te tonga Central Haina (JiangXi). I te tau 1937 i puta ke ai ki te wāhi ngā.

i Hainamana Soviet Republic ona ake haki, te Kawanatanga Takitaro, te Ture, ture, tohu moni me ētahi atu huanga kāwanatanga. Ko te Kaunihera o te tangata Commissars o te käwanatanga ahu e te mea ke atu i Mao Tszedun, e muri ka te rangatira o te nga People Republic o China wā roa-. kua meinga tautoko Military o tenei whenua te Army Group Central. Tuhinga reira o nga hoia o Mao Zedong me Zhu De. I roto i te 1931-1932 gg. i reira ko te faaapîraa o te Army Whero.

Ko te āhuatanga matawhenua matua o te Hainamana Soviet Republic ko: tūnga keri, tūhāhā, kore o kōrero, i whai wāhi ki tona tiaki ki hoariri waho. Kei te nohoia te reira e pā ana ki 5 miriona te iwi.