Rite te mea titiro Zarostok aruhe? puka aha e zarostok aruhe (whakaahua)

Kua kite Ferns katoa tetahi o tatou. E whānui ēnei tipu herbaceous tohaina i roto i te rohe hitahita. A he aha te ahua o te rarauhe zarostok? Ka taea te kitea te whakahoki ki tēnei pātai i roto i to tatou tuhinga.

āhuatanga General o te tari

Fern He māngai o teitei tipu spore. Ko te tipu whenua tuatahi, e kua āhuatanga e te āhuatanga e whai ake nei tenei:

• ahua o enei kopa me okana;
• puka ora Grassy;
• uri i te tikanga o te whakaputa uri tōtahi o ngā pūtau - pua;
• whakarerekētanga o whakatupuranga i roto i te huringa ora.

Mai i ngā momo hou, ki te kahore hoki te kaponga, tenei rōpū nahanaha ngā talingelingá, Kiwa karapu me horsetails. He moepuku enei otaota katoa me te whakatupuranga paratau he tikanga rerekē o te uri me ngā āhuatanga morphological. Ko te kupu, aruhe sporophyte ko te tipu pururu. Tenei whakatupuranga tōtahi. Ko gametophyte - aruhe zarostok, he āhua tino rerekē.

āhuatanga lifecycle

Tōkai whakato kaponga whakatupuranga ngā o pakiaka me wana. I te mata, e nehenehe tatou e kite noa i nga rau pūhui. Ia ia i mawhiti mutates me whakawhanake raro. Kei te karangatia e te reira i te māngaro. Waho, tenei hanganga mau rite te okana raro. Otira he morehu māngaro, no te mea ngā reira o internodes, kōpuku, me te tākihi.

I runga i te whakararo o rarauhe rau ki te kanohi tahanga taea kite koe i te fepulopulasi iti parauri. sporangia reira, i roto i nei te pūtau e hanga e e whakaputa uri tōtahi. A, no te maoa, hinga ratou i roto i te oneone hou. He tupu ratou, hanga aruhe zarostok. Tenei hanganga he ahua rawa rerekē - te paraharaha matomato flat. prothallia āhuatanga iti rawa - te torutoru anake mitamano. Na reira, ki te wehewehe i ia ratou i roto i te uhi matotoru o te otaota tihi tino uaua.

He aha te momo o te aruhe kua zarostok

Ahakoa te rahi mōkitokito, hanganga me te mahi o te wāhanga o te whanaketanga tipu e matatini. I roto i te prothallia aruhe whakaahua e taea mārama te kite e te tipu i te reira motuhake i tipu whakatupuranga tōtahi. Pai io, te mea he puka ngakau-āhua ki taha karekare. I roto i te waenganui o te pereti, ko te nui. Ko te taha o te paparanga kotahi te kikokore, paku translucent.

Zarostok aruhe e te puka pereti ngakau-āhua, ko te raro o e kua hanga e rhizoids putiki mātotoru. Mai i enei pakiaka, rerekē enei hanganga i roto i te ngaro o te kiko. ngā ratou o ngā pūtau e kua ngā anatomically, engari ia o enei mahi motuhake. Rhizoids mahi te mahi o te tāpiritanga ki te gametophyte tïpako.

Faufaa mo te whanaketanga o te sporophyte ko te mea pūtau prothallia roto i chlorophyll. whakarato ana tēnei i te tukanga o te ahotakakame me te wātea o ngā matū waro e tika ana ki te hanga i ngā tipu whakaputa uri tōtahi, e kua mīharo atu āhuatanga.

whanaketanga gametophyte

pua aruhe whakawhanake anake i roto i te oneone hou. mahi ratou tohatoha e wai, hau, ngārara me ngā manu. Ka rite ki te hua, te germination o pua i hanga pereti. I roto i tona rahi ripeka-motu o e papaki ana tae 3 mm. Zarostok aruhe piri ki te whenua i te tikanga o rhizoids, e whakarato ana hoki tipu te mana atu.

I te taha ki raro o tenei hanganga e whakaritea kikokiko - gametangia. He mōkitokito i roto i te rahi, i te mea uaua noa ki te whakaaro hoki enei hanganga. Ko ratou o rua momo. e karangatia tangata antheridia. pakari ratou parāoa. Tenei pūtau iroriki e whai flagella. Ko te kaupapa o te parāoa he taea anake i roto i te aroaro o te wai. Na reira, ko te aroaro o te makuku ko te tikanga matua mo te tukanga o te kikiritanga i roto i ngā tipu spore katoa. E huaina okana sex wahine archegonium. E hanga e ratou i te hua manu i whakaritea.

Hoki te kaponga āhuatanga e ripeka-kikiritanga. Ko e tika ana ki te meka e matuatanga antheridium me archegonia tupu i ngā wā rerekē tenei. Na reira, te tikanga puta hononga o tohuhema i waenganui i wana rerekē.

sporophyte

O te hua manu wairakau whakawhanake whakatupuranga tōkai tipu, i te mea matua i roto i te huringa ora o te aruhe. Kei te karanga a te reira i te sporophyte. Ki te he zarostok aruhe te puka o te rihi, te whakatupuranga tōkai ko te tipu herbaceous. He he mawhiti raro whakarerekētia - māngaro. No te mea tikanga runga puku vegetative rau whakawhanake. Ko ratou o rua momo. E huaina rau Young pikopiko. He miro miro ratou me he predpobegami ōnā. rau matatini rarauhe pakeke, whaanui.

I waenganui moepuku, me te tōkai whakatupuranga aruhe reira he kotahi rerekētanga nui. He rhizoids me sporophyte Zarostok aruhe - pakiaka adventitious.

momo tawhito

tipu aruhe Modern i rawaka kanorau o ngā momo. O te spore katoa, ko te maha tino tenei rōpū. He tika ki to ratou hanganga atu tino tenei. I te wā nei, i reira e neke atu i te 10,000 ngā momo.

Otiia whai kaponga tawhito te ahua tino rerekē. tae tona tihi ratou rawa i roto i te wā Carboniferous. Ahakoa tae kaponga rakau ki runga ki te 40 mita i roto i te teitei. Ko faahiahia te reira, me te whanui o ratou kahiwi. Ko reira 2 mita.

Ko te putanga o ēnei tipu i runga i te ao rā hoki ki te wā Paleozoic. I roto i te akoranga o te kukuwhatanga, kua heke ratou i te otaota te whenua tuatahi - Rhyniophyta. Ko reira 400 miriona tau ki muri. ka ngaro kaponga Ancient tika ki huringa āhuarangi. Ko ratou te turanga o te kohuke wahie nui - waro.

Na, i roto i tenei tuhinga i kitea e matou i roto i te mea ahua o te zarostok aruhe - gametophyte. Ko te he matomato pereti mōkitokito pai. Ko te kaponga whakatupuranga fakasekisualé. whakawhanakehia Zarostok wehe i te tipu whakatupuranga tōkai e taea o te ahotakakame, he rhizoids. whakawhanakehia te reira i whēkau aitanga i roto i nei tohuhema e hanga e. Ka rite ki te hua o to ratou hononga me te whanaketanga atu o te whakatō kākano i hanga aruhe sporophyte he hanganga pururu.