Rukavishnikov Nikolai Nikolaevich, te vavā: haurongo

Rukavishnikov Nikolai Nikolaevich - te rua tekau-toru Soviet cosmonaut me whakamātautau kaipūkaha o "Soyuz-10" me "Salyut". "Union-16" ko he mataaro rere. Mema o te Pāti Communist o te Soviet Union. riro ia tohu kāwanatanga maha mo ratou mahi. nn Rukavishnikov tuatahi hanga te taunga waka ātea ohorere ā.

whānau

whanau Rukavishnikov Nikolai Nikolaevich i te tekau ma waru Mahuru 1932 i roto i te pa o Tomsk. Tona whaea, Galina, mahi rite he mataaro hoahoa i runga i te pereoo auahi. Metua hoovai tane - upoko o te kaupapa hanga. A, no te tupu, ka moea e Nikolay Nina Vasilyevna, nei mahi tuatahi rite te tino kaipūkaha, a ka meinga he housewife. i ratou he tama, Vladimir.

hanganga

I te tuatahi, ako Nicholas i te kura Uzbek i roto i te pa o Angra. Na ka tonu ana akoranga i roto i Tomsk. I mahi te whaea me te papa i roto i Mongolia i te tau 1947 ki te 1950. haere ahau ki te kura rohe pa Kehtaitse. puta ia i te kura nui kē i roto i Moscow i 1951, ka tomo te whakapaipai kāreti aunoa (inaianei te Physical Engineering Institute) i te Faculty o ngā pūrere rorohiko hiko, me te aunoatanga. puta ia i roto i te 1957 ki te makehe engineering-ahupūngao. I roto i te 1980, ka awhina ia ia tona tuhinga, ka ia he kaitono o sciences hangarau.

Nuinga aroha geography, pāngarau me te ahupūngao. whakahaere Matua Nicholas ki te faatupu i roto i tana tama i te aroha o te radiodelu i kōhungahunga. puritia Nikolai e ongo'i mo te ora. ko aroha o te mahi pūtaiao te'inisititiutí. I roto i te tahi atu ākonga taratahi Nicholas 'ulungaanga pērā i te pākiki, te whakaaro mahira, itoito me te mahara.

Wheako mahi

Mai 1957 mahi Rukavishnikov Nikolai Nikolaevich i CRI-58 kaipūkaha. whakaurua ia i roto i te mahi rorohiko. I te wa ano mahi i roto i te hoahoa, te whanaketanga, tāutanga me te whakamātautau o ngā pūnaha whakahaere, tae atu i te tiaki hangarau o reactors karihi.

Mai i 1957 mahi ia i roto i te tekiona rua tekau-tuatahi OKB-1 hei kaipūkaha. Whakawhanakehia te pūnaha o te whakahaere teihana interplanetary aunoa, whai wāhi ia i roto i te hanga o te tipu, me te rere whakamātautau. I te tau 1960 i whakatairangatia ana nn Rukavishnikov ki kaipūkaha matua. rōpū mātaki e whakawhanakehia e te wāhi ahanoa pūnaha whakahaere. pai Whakahaere te kounga me te tere o te mahi, na hohoro Nicholas tupu i roto i te rarangi. Me kï reira e tetahi raveraa e kore ia whakamahia, ka tae anake ratou ake mahi.

Mai i 1962 ki te 1963. hanga Nikolai onboard mana matatini me te aunoatanga mo te tukatuka o te mōhiohio riro, a ka ka whakaritea e ia upoko o te rōpū whanaketanga i roto i te ngahuru o 1964.

faaineineraa Flight

I te 1964 ka tonoa Rukavishnikov Nikolay Nikolayevich mō te whakamātautau hauora rite te kaitono mo te astronauts, engari kihai i hoatu e te uru Komihana. E rua tau i muri mai, haere e ia he whakamātautau hauora ano, a te mutunga i whakaritea rite te cosmonaut whakamātautau. I te wa ano uru ia i roto i te hanga o ngā pūnaha wāhi mana ahanoa. Whakawhanakehia ki te rōpū o ngā pūrere, ngā pūnaha onboard, me ētahi atu, whai wāhi i roto i te mau tamataraa.

I roto i te 1967, ka Nicholas he mema o te corps cosmonaut ka i faataahia ki testers. Tae noa 1970, puritia ia whakangungu motuhake ki te rere a tawhio noa te marama, me te ū ki runga reira. I roto i te tau e whitu tekau-tuatahi, i whakatairangatia ana ia ki te whakamātau i cosmonaut o te toru o nga piha haapiiraa.

Otiia ko horihori te whakangungu: ki te puta te kore tākirirangi whakarewatanga, a te aituä kore i taea te ora o te kaiārahi astronauts. Rerenga i ki kia hiki. Otiia, taka hoki te rere ki wāhi tonu, anake tenei wa ki te teihana orbital "Salyut".

rere kotiro

Ko tōna cosmonaut tuatahi rere Rukavishnikov, tona haurongo e whakaahuatia i roto i tenei tuhinga, mahia i roto i April 1971 rite te mataaro whakamātautau "te Union-10." I roto i te ao nei, ko reira te wa tuatahi i oti i te rakau wāhi tāmau ki te teihana wāhi. Otiia i taka te retraction oti ki te mahi i te tightness o te tahi, na e te whakawhitinga o astronauts ki te teihana wāhi, kihai i tenei wa te tango i te wahi.

i te rua o whati Nikolai ki kia rua tekau-Hōngongoi 1971, engari tata te marama ki te aroaro o taua rā, i patua te waka katoa o "Soyuz-11", na i poto te haerenga a whakakorea. I roto i Mahuru o te taua tau ka Rukavishnikov matenga tuarua o te tari.

Te whati tuarua

te rua te cosmonaut rere Tomsk Rukavishnikov hanga i roto i te Hakihea 1974 rite te mataaro rere i runga i te poari i te "Soyuz-16". roa te rere 5 ra 22 haora. 23 min. 35 hēk. whakaritea rangatira waka ātea a A. Fillipenko. Ko te astronauts tāia ki ki te mahi tīrama. tātaitia te hōtaka i runga i te rere rua whakamātautau, me ono nga marama i muri mai i te reira tika ki tārua te kaumoana matua o te kaipuke.

Ki te mahi i tenei, i hanga "APAS" hōtaka (rere whakamātautau), i roto i te anga o nei mahi he rere te rua. I te tau 1975 te whakamamaetia Rukavishnikov N. N. teuteu atu mo te rere i muri, me te taua i roto i 1977, engari ko te pou o te "Union" rangatira.

Ko te toru o whati

Ko te whati tuatoru i roto i te wāhi Rukavishnikov hanga i roto i te April 1979 kē i roto i te tūranga o te rangatira, ka ko te whati tuatahi rite te matenga o te harangotengote tenei. Ka rite ki te kaipuke whakatata te teihana wāhi, i reira ko he āhua o te whawhati tata - noa tutakina atu te pūkaha. Anake i te whakahau pai o Nikolai Nikolaevich kauhoe ora ia, ka hoki ora atu ki te whenua. Ko te wā tuatahi i hanga ā te taunga ohorere.

flights whakamutunga

I roto i te waru tekau-toru tau Rukavishnikov - he vavā, kua i roto i te wāhi e toru nga wa, timata ano ki te faaineine no te rere i muri, i whakaritea kia rite ki te mema o te waka Soviet-Indian tuatahi. Ko hoki take hauora i paopao Nikolai Nikolaevich kaitono, a ka oti ia te neke i te faaineineraa mo te rere. I te tau 1987 i tonoa atu e ia i te maha o astronauts tika ki tūranga.

maha Rukavishnikov kauhau i roto i te hapori "te ite", ko ia he mema o tona poari me te tamau haapurororaa ārahi e pā ana ki te wāhi. Tae noa mahi te whakatā rite kawana. upoko o RKK "Energy" ko te wā kotahi rite peresideni o te Federation o Cosmonautics, tuatahi te Soviet Union, a ka Russia.

Rukavishnikov rite te tangata

Ka rite ki Nikolai Nikolaevich mahara katoa e mohio ki a ia, ko ia he tangata rawa ngā, putaatu, tino ngahau, me te harakoa. No te mea mohio ia Nikolai Rukavishnikov rawa nui, ko reira he kaikauhau pakiwaitara whakamiharo. pahono ia tonu ki tono mo te awhina, me etahi huaina noa te reira Tomsk Gagarin. Ko te māhunga-tohu whakaturia ki a ia i roto i tona ora.

mate o kaipōkai

Nikolay Nikolaevich Rukavishnikov - he kaipōkai nei mate o te whakaeke ngakau meinga e edema pūkahukahu, iwa-nuku 2002 ko te hua o te pōauautanga o Alzheimer o, i kitea i te cosmonaut tenei. tanumia Rukavishnikov i roto i te urupā Moscow Ostankino.