Russian General Kuropatkin Aleksey Nikolaevich: biography, tohu

General Aleksey Nikolaevich Kuropatkin i whanau Maehe 17, 1848 i roto i te whare Sheshurino i Pskov kawanatanga. Ko tona papa he rangatira faatuhaahia. hoatu te hōia tana tama te mātauranga tika, te tuku ia ia te tuatahi ki te Tuatahi Cadet Corps, a ka i roto i te Military School Pavlovsk, te wahi puta ia i roto i te tau 1866.

Career hōia

Tukua ki te paetukutuku o te rūtene whānui Kuropatkin muri ka haere ia ki Turkestan, te wahi mahi ia i roto i te 1 Turkestan Rifle Hokowhitu. Kua i te kuao tau, ka mau ia ki tetahi wahi i roto i putaputa whawhai i roto i te Khanate o Kokand me Bukhara Emirate. riro Khiva te pakanga whakamātautau nui hoki ia. Ko te wheako whawhai tuatahi noaa anake hiahia o te tangata taitamariki ki te whai i te mahi i roto i te ope.

I roto i te 1871, ka tomo a Kāpene Alexei Kuropatkin te Nicholas General kaimahi Academy. puta ia i te tuatahi i runga i te rārangi i te kura. patu aunoatia te General kaimahi, ka haere Kuropatkin ki te haerenga ao i roto i i tae mai ia France, Germany, a tae noa Algeria. I roto i Africa, whai wāhi te rangatira i roto i te ope ki te Sahara. Ua tauturu e ia te ope French i roto i pehi i te ātete o kawe rohe. I roto i tenei hōia riro te Rihiona o Whakahonoretia. wheako Travel i hanga te pūtake mo te pukapuka "Algeria", whakaputaina i roto i te 1877.

I roto i te mahi o te fatherland

I muri he kore Nicholas Academy Kuropatkin te rangatira, me te rangatira. Hoki mai te kāinga i Algeria, noa hoatu e ia ki runga he mahi i roto i te General kaimahi me i roto i te tau 1875 ka haere ano ki Turkestan. Na i reira ka timata te pakanga ki Kokand confuses Bey. Future General Kuropatkin tuatahi ki te tomo i te pa Uch-Kurgan, hoki i riro ia te Order o St. George tohu 4-th. Ko tona matenga Kanara Mikhail Skobelev, e whakahau nga ope o te rohe Fergana.

Ko te rua o te wa, i ratou ki te whakatau i runga i nga hiti o Russian-Turkish whawhai o 1877-1878. I tenei wa, kakahu kua Aleksey Nikolaevich Kuropatkin te ana'iraa o te rūtene kānara. whakahau ia te tari matua o te 16 Infantry Division, a ka arahina te wehenga rawa nga taua Skobelev katoa. Fakataha ka mau ratou wahi i roto i te whawhai o Pleven me Lovech. I muri i te whakawhitinga rongonui o nga Balkans Kuropatkin mauruuru i tuhituhi ahau e ako he rota i Skobeleva matua audacity me te faaotiraa. I roto i te pakanga o mua Alexei Nikolaevich i tino werohia (i muri ki piti ia pouaka tiaki tonu) a ko roto o te mahi.

I muri i te mahi maimoatanga, me te whakaora Kuropatkin poto i roto i te General kaimahi. I roto i te 1879, ka mau ia ki whakahau o te 1 Turkestan Infantry Brigade. Na ka aru te wā o misioni takawaenga i, me te hōia i roto i France, Iran ko China. I roto i te 1880-1881 gg. whai wāhi Kuropatkin i roto i te pakanga Akhal-Teke. I muri i taua timata te wā-tau e whitu o te mahi i roto i te General ngā kaimahi, puritia te wahi kua te hōia ngā tūranga nui.

Ka rite ki kaiwhakahaere ki te Minita

Mai 1890, Kuropatkin - Rūtene-Tianara. I roto i tenei te kapatanga whakahau ia i nga hoia kei roto i te rohe Trans-Kapiana. Here, i te hōia ki te whakaatu i to ratou kaiwhakahaere āheinga - ite Region Russification nui. I raro i tona kaiārahi i roto i te parae, kua meinga te ahumahi momoho, hokohoko, ahuwhenua, tipu kainga me nga pa. ka anga te reira i te Pākehā o te ngā tāngata whai Russian, kura Russian motuhake Transcaspian hanga hoki tetahi o ngā tamariki.

kore kua kakama Whakahaere Kuropatkina haere hia. I te 1898 ka whakaritea ia minita o te whawhai i roto i Russia. mahi tenei General Kuropatkin pou mo te ono tau, tae noa ki te timatanga o te whawhai ki a Japan. Campaign Alexei Met ki te paetukutuku o Adjutant General.

Ko te whawhai ki a Japan

Ko te whawhai Russian-Japanese o 1904-1905. Kua riro te reira i te wero nui mo Kuropatkina tona mahi. Tae noa tata, i rangona ai e ka meinga e te reira i roto i-rangatira i te timatanga o te pakanga. Heoi, i roto i tenei tūranga, whakaritea Tsar Nicholas II Admiral Alexeyev.

kore i Kuropatkin i tona tangata ake i roto i te marae emepaea. Ka meinga te whawhai reira whakatā atu he nunui, me te maheni. I roto i te Hui-tanguru 1904, ka te Minita inaianei mua o War rangatira nui Manchurian Army, a i roto i te nuku - rangatira o te Far Te Tai Rāwhiti hei utu o te patunga Alekseeva tokomaha.

I mua tenei wāhui, i Kuropatkin whakamātautau nui, i rahua kāre ia. riro ratou i te whawhai o mua, te here August 24, ka mutu i runga i Mahuru 3, 1904. ka anga te reira ki te tūranga Russian matā, whakarite e waeine mua o Marshal Oyama. Na, kua riro nga Japanese wiwi, ka riro e rave rahi tiketike nui.

puta te whakaeke hou i runga i te po o 26 August. hit Japanese i runga i te 3 Siberian me 10 Army Corps. huaki nui, me te riri ki runga ki te Japanese mutu i roto i te kore. parekura Tino nui ratou i runga i Maunga artisanal, i reira ka haere mai te tokomaha nui o hoia i raro i te ahi i te pū Russian tukua.

I roto i tenei āhuatanga i taea te tango Kuropatkin he patu whai hua ki te muri o te hoariri wehi. Heoi, faaoti te whānui ki te hoki whakamuri. mahue watea i te wāhi o te tirohanga o te korero o te tūranga maunga, me te pukepuke ana ana taua. rukuruku wahi te whawhai i roto i te ua ringihia, oho turi-hohonu i roto i te paru tāpiapia nga hoia, ngaro pu, me te mate hoiho.

Battle o mua whakakitea te taumata tiketike o te maramarama Japanese. Mā te kōrero pū e pā ana ki te kaupapa o te hoariri, kihai i Marshal Oyama pokanoa ki te Russian, hua noa ratou hinga rauhanga ka anake whai hua i te reira. tatari nga Japanese lilingi whakamataku i roto i teneti.

Heoi, i roto i nga ra e aru ana, ahakoa te tūranga fiemālie o te Russian pai whawhai atu patua hou, me te hou katoa. Mahuru 20 timata Oyama ki te faaineine ki whakamuri. whiua Kuropatkin ia mō te hāora. wehi ia he kapinga taha, e kore i taea e nga Japanese ara moemoea o, me te tuatahi ki te waiho tona tūranga, ka oho ki mua.

kihai i Oyama whai te Russian, wehi e kua rite ratou etahi nekeneke katoa mārama matatini, me te kore. Maoro, Heoi, ko noa atu miharo nga Japanese ka ka ratou mo tetahi mea i mahue Kuropatkin Liaoyang. I reira ka mau ratou rakau nui o te taputapu, kakahu, kai me te matā. Kua kawea mai katoa o enei mea ki te Far Te Tai Rāwhiti i Pākehā Russia, a ko ki āwhina i roto i te mahi o te taea Port Arthur. Heoi, ki te tika rangirua General Kuropatkin katoa o enei mahere rautaki i roto i te mua.

Battle o te Shah

Ko te whawhai nui i muri ki a General Kuropatkin te whawhai i runga i te awa o Shahe (rite huaina ai ko Shaheyskim whawhai). 5 timata te whawhai, a mutu Oketopa 17, 1904. Na ka riri te ki te kore Liaoyang te kingi, a ka ui Kuropatkina whawhai i runga i te ope o Marshal Oyama.

roa te whakaeke mo te rua ra. Na, ua faaoti te whakahau Japanese ki te hopu i te kaupapa rautaki. Nuku 10 whakarewahia reira ona ake ino. hinga te pupuhi matua i runga i te 10 me te 17 Army Corps. Whawhai i whawhai ki te rerekē angitu. I muri e rave rahi ra o te tautohetohe i waenganui i nga ope e rua ka anga ki te hanga i te tūranga. Ko te mua hua totoro e 60 kiromita. Hoki toi hōia ko reira he āhuatanga tino hou, e muri ka kitea i roto i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao. Ka rite ki te hua o te whakaeke me te counter-patua, ki te kahore o te rōpū hoatu i mua i kore te he mahi oti.

Ko te whawhai e pā ana ki Sandepu

arahina te whawhai i runga i te awa ki te Shah, tata hāngai Mukden ope Russian i roto i te uara o te 320 mano iwi. kahui kaiwhakahe tenei ope ka rangatira o te Far Te Tai Rāwhiti, General Kuropatkin. Ko te Russian-Japanese War kua nui te parekura, me ngā mahi kua ururuatia. Na i kahore tika ki te hanga hape te kaiārahi hōia.

Ko reira i raro i taua huru, January 25, 1905 timata te whawhai o Sandepu. Kua whakaritea e te ope Russian tona ino i muri, ara ahakoa te meka e i taua wa kihai i reira tikanga ki te whakahaere i ngā mahi hōia kaha i roto i te hotoke. Na roto i te mutunga o te ra tuatahi o te mahi Siberian Rifle Corps horo Heygoutay - he wāhi matua o te ope o Marshal Oka. oho Japanese ki te rahui. a Siberian Rifle Corps ki te mutu, me te tango i te tūranga ārai.

Ko te ra i muri mai (26 Kohitātea), ka taiaritia nga Japanese te whawhai o te Division Infantry 14. I te ahiahi, oho ano e rua Tuhinga ki te kainga tata, mau tona whāinga matua - Sandepu. Heoi, i roto i te pouri, i taka te nekeneke. riro hōia Russian kainga rawa tetahi a i te mutunga takoha ki te hoki whakamuri.

I whakaritea tētahi atu ngana ki te hopu Sandepu mo January 28. Te Japanese, Heoi, kihai i haere ki te tukua te kaupapa counterattacked ratou. Ko te whakaaro matua o te whakaeke ko 1 te pehi Siberian Corps. Na roto i te ahiahi, hua whawhai taimaha i roto i te angitu o te ope Russian, kaua te 31 th Infantry Division ranei. noho ona hoia e rave rahi kainga i roto i te takiwā Sandepu. Ano, ka haere ratou ki te muri o te Japanese, maka ana ratou i roto i te tūranga rawa tuke. I roto i te hono mo'oní, ko te hoariri ki runga ki te mimiha o encirclement me te whakangaromanga.

I roto i tenei momeniti mahu'inga wahia te pakanga i roto i waenganui i rangatira Russian. whakaaro Kuropatkin Ko meá rawa te mahi o tona ope. Ko tētahi o nga whakaeke angitu i te tikanga kawea i roto i te aroaro o tona tohutohu. e kore he pai nui o te tianara kaupapa teina. nekehia atu e ia i te torutoru takitahi matua, tae atu e tu ana i te matenga o te 2 Manchurian Army Oscar Ferdinand Grippenberg. Tenei whānui hōia ko na pouri i te mahi o Kuropatkina e whakawakia ia o ia mutu te mahi, ka haere ki a St Petersburg.

No te mea o te kaimahi e whakatupehupehu ana te whawhai o Sandepu mau mutu i roto i te tetahi mea. ope Russian kore i taea e ano whiua nga Japanese me ki te huri i te akoranga o te whawhai. Kei te tiaki te tatūtangā.

Mukden kino

kua noa'tu eaha te nui, me kahore ino i rahunga mua o te ope Russian i roto i te whawhai ki a Japan, te nui tino mo tona whawhai kua noho i mua. Ko tēnei e tumutumu o te pakanga ko te whawhai o mua (Hui-tanguru 19 - Maehe 10, 1905). kawea e totó ko i roto i te mua 150 kiromita te roa. I ngā taha e rua o e pā ana ki te hawhe te miriona iwi whai wāhi i roto i reira. 250 i whakamahia mo te pu whawhai hou, me te 2,500 nga wahi pū. kī te whawhai 24 mano ora (neke atu i te 130 mano whara).

Battle o mua ko te whawhai i roto i te tikanga matarohia o te kupu. Tuhinga reira o maha collisions iti e puta i roto i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te mua nui. timata Mincer ki te whakaekenga Hapanihi, me e nga Japanese puta noa te akoranga o katoa te marama ka ui te whawhai. Ahakoa te itoito o hoia Russian, tonu te patunga hoariri ki te whakapiki ake i. I muri i te ope Japanese toru kimi whakahau Alexei Kuropatkin te taui. I maoro noho Mukden te hoariri. Eaha tei tupu i roto i Russia i kite rite te kino.

Ko te putanga matekiri o te whawhai tohua atu te mana. I huia Alexei Kuropatkin o te taitara o te rangatira i roto i te tino. Okioki o te whawhai pau ia i te matenga o te ope Manchurian 1. I whakakapi ia e Nikolai Linevich. Te pakanga, Heoi, i kua i ngaro. I maoro, i taea ki te tangohia ngāwari reira mo te tikanga te rongo tiriti Japan.

tātari hapa

Mutu te pakanga Russian-Japanese o 1904-1905. Ko te take o te revolution Russian tuatahi. Whakama Portsmouth rangimarie arahina whakaaro hōia tokomaha e pā ana ki te take o te tuatahi i roto i te aamu o te whenua te hinga o te hoariri, i tae noa tata ka mau kahore tetahi tino. I roto i te huarahi o enei te rirotanga mutu General Kuropatkin ki tona whenua, ka whakaturia e pā ana ki te tuhi i te pukapuka e pā ana ki te pakanga whakamutunga. Tona-rōrahi wha "nota i runga i te Pakanga Russian-Japanese" i whakaputaina i roto i te 1906.

Kua whakaatu Papā ki tona hoa rawhiti e ka iti te te wheako tawhito rauhanga, me te rautaki o te rau tau XIX. I roto i tona pukapuka, Minita o mua o War, kua tuhia Russia te paruparu pütahitanga matua o te ope Russian, e te mutunga arahina ki te hinga rawa mamae. ngā ratou te faaineineraa o hoia kōhikohiko, roopu, taputapu hangarau, me te pera i runga i. D. te whawhai ki a Japan arahina ki te aituā, engari hohoro rite te ao katoa mo te atu te whawhai nui-tauine. I roto i ēnei āhuatanga, ko Russia i hiahia o te ripeneta whānui o te ope. Ahakoa Kuropatkin me rihaina, noho ia hei mema o te Kaunihera State, ka tamata ki whai wāhi ki te ao hou, o te ope patu.

Ano i runga i te mua

I roto i 1914 te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao. Aleksey Nikolaevich Kuropatkin, kua tiaki rangatira hōia, ahakoa te hinga kino, ka ui tonu mo te ope, a ka riro mai te kore o te Grand Duke Nicholas. Ko te marama tuatahi o te pakanga whakaritea e ia te tauturu tino rangatira taotū.

I roto i te Mahuru 1915, ka meinga te rangatira i roto i te tino Nicholas II, nana nei i whakarite Alexei Kuropatkin i ki whakahau te Grenadier Corps. Te ava'e fepuare i muri, hoatu te whānui i roto i tiaki o te katoa o te mua Northern, kei nei i runga i te pareparenga o te Dvina Western. I roto i tenei tūranga, whakaturia tonu ia e pā ana ki te whakarite mo te whawhai. wherahia matara te mahi i Riga, i ngāue 12 Army. āta ka mau hoia i te torutoru rārangi tiaki nga awarua, engari no te mea o te pēhanga ki runga ki te hope taui ki o ratou tūranga o mua.

Ahakoa o nga mea katoa, General Kuropatkin, kua ngā o maha piki me ngā heke nei haurongo, ahau e kore e ngaro tumanako ki angitu i roto i te whawhai ki nga Tiamana. Mai i 21 ki te 26 o Maehe 1916 ki te haere tonu i te mua o ana ope a tawhio noa Yakobshtadta, i hanga e te tunga. I roto i tenei mahi, te whakahaere hōia Russian ki te kōkiri i te torutoru noa kiromita.

whai wāhi April 14 Kuropatkin tono i roto i te hui, peresideni i runga i te emepera. aroaro Tianara he pūrongo i runga i te huru o te tupu tata o te kore. Ko te take mo te kore o te mahi kua huaina rangi kino, rori pakaru me te whakamahi hape o te pū.

Summer i roto i te tonga ka timata te rongonui Brusilov ino. Kuropatkin, e noho i roto i te Baltic States, i hohekore hoki rave rahi wiki, me i Hōngongoi rere te whawhai i runga i te Bauska, i roto i i tangohia e wahi te taua katoa Army 12. ngaro Hononga 15 mano iwi, engari e kore e taea e ara i muri i nga ra e ono o te whawhai te tango o te pa. haere hia kore Kuropatkina i te papamuri o te euphoria Brusilovski pakaruhanga.

Whakamutunga o te ora, me te whakamutunga nga tau

I roto i te Hōngongoi 1916 i tonoa Kuropatkin ki te kua waia ki a ia Turkestan, te wahi ka ia Kāwana Tianara, me te Commander. I roto i tenei te kapatanga, tutaki ia te revolution tanguru. Kua puritia e te kāwanatanga hou tona tūranga, whakau tona waea motuhake. Heoi, ki tona aitua, General Kuropatkin, e whai iti moni i roto i te pakanga ki te Kaunihera o Soldiers 'a kaimahi' kawana o Tashkent tohu. Commander o te whakanohoia tuatahi i raro i te whare hopu, me muri ia hau tūranga, ka tono tangata ki a mua.

I roto i te raumati o 1917 i te tihi o te Komiti Alexander mahi ia i runga i te hunga i patua. He te wheako o ngā āpiha tiaki ki hauā, ka haere mai ki a General Kuropatkin. I muri i te Revolution, ka hoki ia ki tona kawanatanga Pskov taketake, te wahi i noho ai ia mo te toenga o te tau tawhito. whakaritea Alexey he kura taiwhenua a rere te whare pukapuka ā-rohe, i whakanohoia ana ake moni nui. I muri mai, ona rauemi, tae atu i te toe i muri i te mahi i runga i te pukapuka e pā ana ki te Russian-Japanese War, i whakawhitia ki te Russian State Military History Archive. mate Alexei Kuropatkin i te 16 o Hānuere 1925 i te tau o 76 tau.

hōnore

Hoki te itoito e te itoito o mua i roto i te tau 1878 riro Kuropatkin he hoari koura ki te tuhipoka "hoki toa" me te Order o St. Anne ko St. Stanislaus 2 nd tohu. I muri i te whawhai ki a Turkey, riro ano ia maha tohu te ao. I roto ia ratou i tukua mana Serbian tikanga o te ripeka o takovo. I te taua Kuropatkin riro ia te mētara "hoki te itoito" o Montenegro. I muri i runga i haere ia ki te whenua Balkan hoki Order o te Star o Romania, me te te Order o "Saint Alexander" Bulgaria.

e kore hoki te whawhai Russian-Japanese rahua o ngā tohu Kuropatkin riro. Otiia i roto i te 1890 i whakawhiwhia ia ki te Order o te White Eagle me te Order o St. Aleksandra Nevskogo. I runga i te eve o te whawhai ki a Japan ki tenei tohu tapiritia matou tohu taimana motuhake e whakaatu he takoha motuhake ki te whānui kāwanatanga.