Slavophiles - reira ... Te raveraa i roto i Philosophy. Slavophilism ko Westernism

Āhua 40-50 tau o XIX rautau i roto i te hapori Russian ki te tohatoha e rua ahunga - Slavophilism me Westernism. ka whakanekehia Slavophiles te whakaaro o "ara motuhake o Russia", i o ratou hoariri, tiaki Westerners ki Me ki haere i roto i te taahiraa avae o te ao Western, ngā i roto i te wāhanga o te hanganga pāpori, te ahurea, me te ora tāone.

Hea i enei ngā?

"Slavophiles" - he wā whakaurua e punake rongonui Konstantin Batyushkov. I roto i te tahuri, ka puta tuatahi te kupu "Westernization" i roto i te ahurea Russian i te 40s o te rautau tekau mā iwa. I roto i ngā, e taea te kitea i te reira i roto i te "Memoirs" Ivana Panaeva. Tino maha, ka anga te wā ki te kia whakamahia i muri i 1840, ka i reira i tetahi whati ki Belinsky Aksakov.

History o te ahua o Slavophilism

Slavophilic, o te akoranga, kihai i puta noa "i roto o wahi". I mua tenei e te wā katoa o te rangahau, tuhituhi maha pepa pūtaiao me ngā tānga, ako teimaha o te hītori me te tikanga o Russia.

Kei te whakapono te reira e i te timatanga rawa o tenei au taumauri ko Archimandrite Kapariera, hoki e mohiotia ana Vasiliy Voskresensky. I te tau 1840 whakaputaina ia i roto i Kazan, "kaupapa Russian", i i roto i tona ara te inenga o puta Slavophilism.

Otiia, ka anga te rapunga whakaaro o te Slavophiles ki puta etahi wa i muri mai, i roto i te akoranga o te tautohetohe wä e kua puta ake i runga i te pūtake o te kōrero "Philosophical Reta" Chaadaev. he piri o tenei rohe ki te pūtake o takitahi, ara motuhake o te whanaketanga o mua o Russia me te iwi Russian, he faufaa rerekē i te ara Pākehā Western. E ai ki a Slavophiles, tuakiri Russian i te wahi tuatahi ko te kore o te pakanga piha i roto i tona hītori, i roto i te whenua ki te hapori Russian me ētahi, me te i roto i te Ekalesia Siu i anake te Karaitiana pono.

rere Development Slavophil. Ko te ariā matua

I te tau 1840-doma. Slavophilic rawa noa i roto i Moscow. Ko te hinengaro pai o te kāwanatanga huihui i roto i te salons tuhituhi Elagina, Pauline, Sverbeevyh - ko reira konei e kōrero ratou ki tetahi ki tetahi, me te nga kōrero ngahau ki Westerners.

Me kï reira e mauiui ana nga mahi me nga mahi o nga Slavophiles i te aukatinga, ko etahi activists i titiro o pirihimana, me etahi i noa hopukina. Ko reira no te mea o tenei mo rawa he wa roa kihai i whai ratou he whakaputanga tūturu me whakanohoia ana ngā kōrero me ngā tuhinga te nuinga i runga i te whārangi o te moheni "Moskvityanin". I muri ka timata te uhi wāhanga o te aukatinga i roto i nga 50s Slavophils ki te whakaputa i to ratou ake makasini ( "beautification tuawhenua", "kōrero Russian") me niupepa ( "Sail," Rumour ").

kore me Russia ako me te tango momo o tōrangapū Western - ko mau whakaaro o katoa tenei, kaore he aweretanga, nga Slavophiles. Tenei, Heoi, kihai i ārai whakaaro ratou tika reira ki te whanaketanga kaha o te ahumahi me te tauhokohoko, pēke me te pakihi tika, te whakataki o te mīhini hou i roto i te ahuwhenua me te hanganga o rerewē. I tua atu, ka koa te Slavophiles te whakaaro o te whakakāhoretanga o te serfdom "i runga ake" ki te whakarato whakahauanga o whakaaro whenua ki hapori kaiahuwhenua.

utua nui aro i ki te karakia ki ai i pā rawa tata Slavophiles whakaaro. I roto i to ratou whakaaro, te whakapono pono, i haere mai ki a Russia i te Ekalesia Eastern, pü he, misioni hītori ahurei motuhake o te iwi Russian. E keresetiano me iho, ka tukua pūnaha pāpori ki te hanga i nga turanga hohonu o te wairua Russian.

I roto i te whānui, ka mohio te iwi Slavophiles i roto i te romanticism momo. Āhuatanga hoki ratou ko te idealization o te mau parau tumu o te traditionalism me patereareha. I roto i te whakarara ki taua, rapu nga Slavophiles ki te arahi i te intelligentsia ki te tiki ofi ange ki te iwi noa, te ako o te ora rā, me te ora rā, te reo me te ahurea.

māngai o Slavophilism

I roto i te rau tau XIX, maha kaituhi, pūtaiao, me te kaitito Slavophiles mahi i roto i Russia. Māngai o tenei aronga e tika tokanga makehe - Khomyakov, Aksakov, Samarin. Slavophiles rongonui ko Chizhov, Koshelev, Belyaev, Valuev, Lamanskii, Hilferding ko Cherkassy.

Feunga tata ki tenei rohe i roto i te outlook he kaituhi Ostrovsky, Tiutchev, Dahl, Reo me Grigoriev.

Ki te hopohopo me te moni i roto i nga whakaaro o Slavophilism tukinotia wetereo whai me hītori - Bodyansky, Grigorovich, Buslaev.

History o ahua o Westerners

Slavophilism ko Westernism he āhua i te wā kotahi, a no reira, whakaaro enei ngā taumauri e hiahiatia ana i roto i te matatini. Westernism Slavophilism rite te ritenga - ko reira te ahunga o te whakaaro pāpori feudal Russian, puta ano i roto i te 40s o rau XIX.

turanga whakahaere Original mō māngai o tenei au ko te salons tuhituhi Moscow. tautohetohe wä e tangohia e wahi i roto i a ratou, lelei a tūturu whakaaturia i roto i "toku Past me Thoughts," Herzen.

rere whanaketanga Westernized. Ko te ariā matua

Ko te rapunga whakaaro o te Slavophiles me Westerners rerekē tino. I roto i ngā, i te āhuatanga whānui o te Māoritanga o Westerners ngā makanga categorical o te pūnaha serf feudal i roto i tōrangapū, ōhanga me te ahurea. Ko ratou i roto i te manakohia o mau ana i whakahounga pāpori-ohaoha i runga i te tauira Western.

whakapono Māngai o Westerners e tonu tonu te taea hoki te whakatū o te tikanga bourgeois-manapori i te tikanga rangimarie, nga tikanga o te whakatö-whakaaro me te mātauranga. E tino mauruuru ratou i te whakahounga whakahaere e Pita ahau, a whakaaro ai ratou hopoi'a ki te tahuri me te hanga i whakaaro tūmatanui i roto i te ara taua e akina atu te arikitanga i ki te kawe i roto i whakahounga bourgeois.

whakapono te Pākehā e ki hinga kore e waiho te backwardness ōhanga me te pāpori o Russia i te utu o te ahurea taketake, engari e tika ana ki te wheako o Europe, te roa-haere i mua. I roto i tenei take, kihai i arotahi ratou i runga i te rerekētanga i waenganui i te Te Hau-ā-uru, a Russia, engari ki runga ki te katoa, i reira i roto i to ratou haerea ahurea, me te hītori e.

I roto i te tīmatanga o Westerners rangahau taumauri tino awe e te mahi a Schiller, Schilling ko Hegel.

Ritua te Pākehā i roto i te 40s waenganui. rau XIX

I roto i te waenganui-tekau-o te rau tau XIX reira ko he wahia taketake i roto i te taiao Westerners. ¶ Na i muri i te tautohe Granovsky, me o Herzen. Ko te hua e rua tohutohu Westernized ngā: te ohaoha, me te orurehau-manapori.

takoto te take i roto i te rerekētanga ki te faatura ki karakia. Ki te awhina Rīpera te parau haapiiraa o te tahuti ore o te wairua, nga Democrats, i roto i te tahuri, i hāngai ki runga ki te tūranga o te nounou tao'a, me te ta'e.

Rerekē me o ratou whakaaro e pā ana ki te tikanga o te ripeneta i roto i Russia me te whanaketanga pou-whakahou o te kāwanatanga. Na, Nāna Democrats te whakaaro o te aroraa hou i roto i te tikanga ki te atu i te hanganga o te hapori.

Ko te mana nui i runga i nga whakaaro o Westerners i roto i tenei wā ko te mahi o Comte, Feuerbach, ko Saint-Haimona.

I roto i te wā pou-whakahou i nga tikanga o te whanaketanga capitalist whānui mutu Westernism ki te tīariari rite te aronga motuhake o te whakaaro pāpori.

māngai o te Pākehā

Ko te porohita taketake Moscow Westerners ko Granovskii, Hertzen, Korsch, Ketscher, Botkin, Ogarev Cavelin me t. D. vāofi kōrero ki porowhita Belinsky, e noho i roto i St Petersburg. Te tautuhi ratou rite Westerners me kaituhi pūmanawa Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev.

I muri te mea i tupu i roto i waenganui i te 40s. Annenkov ritua, Korsch, Cavelin, Granovsky me etahi atu kau taki noho i runga i te taha o nga Rīpera, ka papahoro Herzen, Belinsky ko Ogarev ki nga Democrats.

Kōrero i waenganui i nga Slavophiles me Westerners

Ko reira utu te haamana'oraa e whanau enei rapunga whakaaro i i te wa ano, i māngai o te whakatupuranga kotahi ratou kaiwhakatū. ka haere mai a te Pākehā me te Slavophiles i - ano he pāpori kotahi taiao an hoki i roto i te tahi mau porowhita.

E tonu Fans o ariā e rua kōrero ki ia atu. A te kōrero e kore e iti tonu ki te faaino: kitea e ratou ratou i roto i te hui, i roto i te porohita kotahi, kei te tino maha kitea ratou i roto i te whakaaro o to ratou te tahi mea hoariri wä tata ki to ratou ake wāhi o te tirohanga.

Ko te tikanga, ko o te taumata ahurea teitei nuinga tautohetohe - tukinotia nga hoariri ia atu ki te faatura, me te whakarongo āta ki te atu taha, ka tamata ki te hoatu tautohetohe papû i roto i te manakohia o ratou tūranga.

Ritenga i waenganui i nga Slavophiles me Westerners

E kore e tatau te wehea i muri Westerners Democrats, me te tuatahi, te tuarua, me te mohio ki te hiahia mō ngā hanganga i roto i Russia me ki whakaoti rapanga ngā rangimarie, kahore he takaí me toto. tikanga Slavophiles reira i roto i to ratou ake ara, pipiki ki atu whakaaro momo, engari mohio ano hoki te hiahia mo te huringa.

Kei te whakapono te reira e ko te huru ki te karakia tetahi o nga take tino totohe i roto i te tautohetohe wä i waenganui i kaitautoko o ariā rerekē. Heoi, i roto i te tika, he mea utu te tuhituhi i te meka e kua kairau a te take tangata i roto i tenei tūranga tino nui. Ko te kupu, i hāngai te nuinga nga whakaaro o nga Slavophiles i runga i te whakaaro o te varua o te iwi Russian, tona pātata ki te haapa'oraa keresetiano me tino o ngā tikanga fakalotu katoa. I te wa ano, i te Slavophiles ratou te nuinga o ratou - ka haere mai i te mau utuafare fakamāmaní kore e aru tonu nga tikanga o te Ekalesia. Te Pākehā hoki e kore e akiaki karakia nui i roto i te tangata, ahakoa te tahi mau melo o te nāianei - i whakapono he tika, e varua me, i roto i ngā, ko te wāhi o Siu Russia (he tauira oraora P. Ya Chaadaev.). I roto i te māngai o ngā e rua tapaea e rua whakapono me atheists.

I reira hoki te hunga e kore nei i no ki tetahi o enei ngā, rangatira tuatoru rimu muru. Hei tauira, V. S. Solovov i ana i tuhituhi ai, tuhia e te otinga pai ki nga take matua o te tangata e kore kua tonu i kitea rānei i te Te Tai Rāwhiti ranei i roto i te Te Hau-ā-uru. Tenei te tikanga e mahi i runga i a ratou tahi me katoa, kaore he aweretanga, ope kaha o te tangata, whakarongo ki tahi i te tahi, me te tahi ofi ki te pai, me te nui. Soloviev whakapono e te "parakore" Westerners me "ma" Slavophiles - he iti, me te kore tangata e ahei o te whakawa whāinga.

Hei whakarāpopoto

Te Pākehā me Slavophiles, nga whakaaro matua o e kua whakaaro matou i roto i tenei tuhinga, i roto i te meka, he utopians. Kua Päkehä te Pākehā ara ke o te whanaketanga, te hangarau Pākehā, maha wareware ratou e pā ana ki te peculiarities o mentality Russian me nga rerekētanga ake-tawhito i roto i te hinengaro o te hauauru, me te Russian. Slavophiles, i roto i te tahuri, whakamoemiti te whakapakoko o te iwi Russian, i hehema ki e faarahi roa i te kāwanatanga, te ahua o te ariki me te 'Ofotokisií. Na te hunga me etahi kahore e kite i te riri o te revolution, a tae noa ki tata i tumanako ki te whakaoti i te raruraru e whakahounga, i roto i te ara rangimarie. Winner i roto i tenei pakanga wä mutunga tohatoha taea, no te mea e kore e mutu tautohetohe e pā ana ki te tika o te ara whiriwhiri o te whanaketanga o Russia ki tenei ra.