Soviet Forces Air (VVS USSR): te hītori o te rererangi hōia Soviet

timata te hītori o te rererangi hōia Soviet i roto i 1918. Soviet Air Force i hanga e tukutahi ki te ope whenua hou. I roto i te 1918-1924 gg. i huaina e ratou nga Workers 'a mua' Red Fleet, i roto i te 1924-1946 gg. - Air Force Whero Army. I reira i muri noa te Tama'i Rahi II o te Ao i reira ko te ingoa mua o te USSR Air Force, noho nei tae noa ki te parariraa o te kāwanatanga Soviet.

hikuwai

meinga te āwangawanga tuatahi o nga mua i muri i haere mai ki te mana i te pakanga patu ki te "ma". e kore i taea te takoha te Civil War me te toto inä ki te mahi i waho hanga he ope, kaipuke, me te rangi kaha kaha. I nga rererangi tonu pākiki, a ka anga o ratou faaohiparaa i papatipu ahua muri. mahue Russian Empire he tukufakaholo o te mana Soviet te wehenga kotahi, i ngā o te tauira i huaina te "Muromets Ilya". ka enei C-22 te pūtake mo te heke mai te Soviet Air Force.

I 1918, i reira nga 38 rērere, a i roto i 1920 te kaipuke Air Force - kua 83. I nga akina o te Pakanga Civil i whai wāhi āhua 350 rererangi. Feia faatere o te RSFSR i tonu te mahi mea katoa ki te whakaora me te faarahi kainga tupu kingi Ballooning. Ko te rangatira rererangi Soviet tuatahi i roto i te tino ko Konstantin Akashev, e tū tenei tūranga i roto i te 1919-1921.

tohu

tangohia te heke mai o te haki USSR Air Force i roto i te tau 1924 (i te tuatahi i whakaaro ai haki rererangi o ngā rererangi me ngā waeine). ka kakahu whakamārama te ra. I roto i te waenganui ko te pikitia o te whetu whero, i roto i te reira - te hama me toronaihi. Na i reira nga atu pūāhua mōhiotia: hiriwa ka tiu parirau me matatahi hurirere.

Ka rite ki whakaaetia te kara haki USSR Air Force i roto i 1967. riro te whakapakoko kua tino rongonui. Mō ia kihai wareware noa i muri i te parariraa o te USSR. I roto i tenei whakaaro, i roto i te 2004 riro tatou i te haki rite o te Russian Federation Air Force. He iti nga rerekētanga: ahua mangu whetu whero, hama me te toronaihi, i reira i anti-rererangi pū.

Whanaketanga i roto i te 1920-1930-doma.

Rangatira o te Pakanga Civil, i ki te whakarite i te ope patu heke mai o te USSR i nga tikanga o te hepohepo, me te whakama. i muri i te hinganga o te kaupapa "ma", me te hanga o te kāwanatanga pipiri ha faingamālie ki te tīmata i te faaapîraa noa o te rererangi anake. I roto i te 1924, whakaingoatia nga Workers 'a mua' Whero Air Fleet i te Air Force Army Whero. He he he whakahaere kaha rangi hou.

I roto i te tari motuhake i anōtia rererangi, i raro i hanga e te tino matatau i taua wa, me te legkobombardirovochnye Squadron rererangi taumaha. I roto i te tau 1930 tino nui haere te maha o whawhai, me te share ite, i runga i te anga ke, heke. He nga rererangi multipurpose tuatahi (pērā i P-6 hangaia Andrei Tupolev). Enei mihini taea e rite whai hua ki te mahi rite rererangi, rererangi tōkiri me roa-whānui hoia toa.

I roto i te 1932, riro nga ope patu o te Soviet Union momo hou o ngā hōia mahino. I roto i te Mahino i tona ake taputapu waka me te mahi hūhunu. E toru nga tau i muri mai, ahakoa te whakarerenga iho whakapumautia i roto i te Pakanga Civil, i whakaurua te rarangi hōia hou. Na nga kaiurungi Air Force riro aunoa rangatira. Ko te taiepa o te kura Māori me ngā kura e rere, ia mahue ki te paetukutuku o te rūtene tuarua.

Kua e 1933, te raupapa tauira hou "ahau" (i ahau-2 ki ahau-5) kua korerotia e te Air Force o te USSR. Ko ratou whawhai-biplanes, whakawhanakehia Dmitriem Grigorovichem. Hoki nga tau tuatahi kotahi tekau ma rima o te kaipuke Soviet o rererangi hōia tāpiri i roto i te 2.5. I iti te wahi o waka kawemai ki te ōrau torutoru.

Air Force hararei

I roto i te (rite ki te whakatau o te Kaunihera o Commissars o People) te taua i roto i tau 1933, i whakapumautia e te Soviet Day Air Force. Ka rite ki te rā e mea hakari i Sovnarkome tīpakohia 18 o Akuhata. Mana, pau te ra i ki hāngai ki te mutunga o te whakangungu raumati ā-tau. Na roto i te iho, kua riro te hararei ngā ki ngā whakataetae, me whakataetae i runga i te tikanga o te whakangungu pilotage, rauhanga, me te ahi, a na i runga i. D.

Day o te Air Force i whakamahia o te USSR ki te whakatairanga i te rererangi me te hōia i roto i papatipu proletarian Soviet. Ko te whakanui i runga i te take o te tau i tae e ngā māngai o te ahumahi, Osoaviahima ko Civil Air Fleet. hararei ā-tau o te Center ko te rererangi Central ingoa i muri i Mikhail Frunze i Moscow.

ngā te hui rawa tuatahi te aro o ngaio kore anake, me noho o te whakapaipai, engari ano hoki te maha manuhiri ki te pa, me te māngai e pā ana o āhua ke. kihai i taea e Hararei mahi i waho te whai wāhitanga o Iosifa Stalina, te mau melo o te Komiti Central o te CPSU (b) me te kāwanatanga.

ano huringa

I roto i te 1939, ora te Soviet Air Forces i tetahi atu reformatting. Kua ratou whakahaere ropu mua kua whakakapi e te kara o atu hou, me te hoia. Na roto i whakahou, hiahia te kaiārahi hōia Soviet ki te whakapiki ake i te pānga o te rererangi. I muri i te hurihanga, te wae rauhanga Force taketake hou - wiki (ngā reira o 5 matua hoia, i roto i te katoa, ko te i 40 ki te 60 rererangi).

I runga i te eve o te Pakanga nui Patriotic, ko te rahi o te whawhai me te rererangi rererangi 51% o te tāruru katoa. Ano wahi o te USSR Air Force ngā toa, me te maramarama hononga. I roto i te whenua whakahaeretia reira 18 ngā kura i roto i nga taiepa e faaineine i ngā kaimahi hou mō te rererangi hōia Soviet. Kei te āta hou tikanga whakaako. Ahakoa i te tuatahi te ōritetanga o kaimahi Soviet (kaiurungi, kaiwhakatere, tikanga, me na runga i. D.) i muri i te ahua hāngai i roto i te whenua capitalist, tau i muri i te tau, i te hoko iti nui taua āputa.

Ko te wheako Spanish

Hoki te wā tuatahi i muri i te whati roa, te rererangi Soviet Air Force kua whakamatauria roto i te whawhai i roto i te Civil War Spanish, i timata i roto i te tau 1936. tautoko te Soviet Union hoa "mahue" kāwanatanga, e whawhai ki te mua. Mai i haere te Soviet Union ki Spain, e kore taputapu hōia anake, engari tūao hoki kaiurungi. He pai ki te whakaatu ia ratou e ahau ki-16, e i taea ki te whakaatu ia ratou nui atu tōtika atu i te rererangi Luftwaffe.

He wheako e ka te kaiurungi Soviet i roto i Spain, whakamatauria tino taonga. ako maha haapiiraa pere kore anake, engari ko te torotoro irirangi. Hoki mai i Spain, kua whakatu tohunga tere i roto i te mahi, ki te timatanga o te nui Patriotic War, he tokomaha o ratou ka kānara me tianara. E te wa orua he pakanga tāwāhi ki te tukunga kia puawai ai o whakapaia Stalinist nui i roto i te ope. pa tāmitanga me te waka rererangi. NKVD I whakakahoretia o te rota o te iwi nei whawhai ki atu "ma".

War Great Patriotic

whakakitea nga pakanga o nga 1930 e te Soviet Air Force i kore ara hoki iho ki te Pākehā. Heoi, i te whawhai ao tata me te ringa iwi tuatahi wherahia i te Ao Tahito. Well-whakapumautia i roto i Spain, ahau-153 me ahau-15 i te wa o te whawhai Tiamana i runga i te Soviet Union i riro kē tawhitotia. Ko te timatanga o te Pakanga Patriotic nui i roto i te whānui ko te kino mo te Soviet Air Force. whakaekea ope hoariri te whenua ohorere, e tika ana kua riro he painga nui ki tenei pa whakarere. i waiho i raro airfields Soviet i roto i nga rohe ki te hauauru ki te pū kino. I roto i te haora tuatahi o te pakanga whakangaromia he maha nui o rererangi hou, a kihai i whakahaere ki te waiho o ratou hangars (rite ki ngā whakatau tata, ko te ahua e pā ana ki 2 mano).

i whakatahia ahumahi Soviet ki te whakaoti te maha o ngā raruraru i kotahi. Tuatahi, Me te Soviet Air Force i te hanga tere ake hoki te parekura, kahore nei i reira e taea ki te whakaatu i te whawhai rite. Tuarua, puta noa i te whawhai tonu nga kaihoahoa ki te hanga huringa taipitopito ki te mihini hou, ko te kupu te urupare ki te wero hangarau o te hoariri.

i tukua te nuinga o te hunga wha tau whakamataku Il-2 me Yak-1. Ēnei tauira e rua tahi kiia hoki e pā ana ki te hawhe o te kaipuke rererangi kāinga. "Yak" ko te angitu e tika ana ki te meka i mohiotia te rererangi i te turanga watea mo maha whakarerekētanga me ngā whakapaitanga. Te tauira taketake, whakaurua i roto i te tau 1940, whakakē he maha o ngā wā. i kaihoahoa Soviet ratou pai ki "Yaqui" kihai i ngenge i roto i to ratou whanaketanga i te German "Messerschmitt" (na reira Yak-3 me Yak-9).

Na roto i te waenganui o te whawhai i roto i te rangi, whakaturia e ahau te örite, a muri i te rererangi Soviet Union, ka timata ki te kaka i nga mihini katoa hoariri. Hanga me ētahi atu hei rererangi rongonui, tae atu Tu-2 me Pe-2. Whero Star (pania i runga i te takere o te tohu USSR / Air Force) i hoki te kaiurungi Tiamana he tohu o te ati, me te tata whawhai taimaha.

Ko te whawhai ki te Luftwaffe

I roto i te wā o te Pakanga nui Patriotic kua puta ke te park kore anake, engari ano hoki te hanganga whakahaere o te Force Air. I roto i te puna o 1942 i reira ko tetahi rererangi roa-whānui. Tenei pūhui, ki te whakarongo ki te whakahaua Hupirimi, e whai wāhi nui i roto i te tau whawhai e toe ana. Ki a ia ka anga ki te hanga i taua rangi. ngā enei te hanganga o te rererangi mua katoa.

He nui nui o ngā rauemi haumi i roto i te whanaketanga o te anga hanga. Kua hohoro e hanga ana toa hou, ka hoki ki te rererangi pakaru whawhai. riro Soviet whatunga mara hanga kua tetahi o te whai hua te nuinga i roto i te pūnaha rite katoa i kua puta ake i roto i te wā o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao.

timata whawhai rangi matua mo te Soviet Union ki te rangi tūtukitanga i roto i te pakanga o Moscow, Stalingrad ko Kursk. whika tohu: i roto i te 1941 o e pā ana ki 400 whai wāhi rererangi i roto i te whawhai, i tupu i roto i te 1943 tenei ahua ki te maha mano, i te mutunga o te pakanga faatumuhia e pā ana ki 7,500 cars i roto i te rangi Berlin. tupu Tāruru i te tere ake te whakanui ake. I roto i te wā o te ahumahi whawhai o te ope USSR i hua e pā ana ki 17 000 rererangi, a whakaakona kura rere 44,000 kaiurungi (mate 27 000). Legends o te Pakanga nui Patriotic timata Ivan Kozhedub (riro 62 whakaora) ko Alexander Pokryshkin (ki tona nama 59 toa).

wero hou

I roto i te 1946, i muri noa te pakanga ki te Tuatoru Reich, te Air Force o te Army Whero i whakaingoatia te Soviet Air Forces. Kua pāngia huringa hanganga me te whakahaere i te waka rererangi e kore anake, engari ano hoki te rāngai korero katoa. Ahakoa mutu te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, tonu te ao ki te noho i raro i te ahotea. tīmata te reira i te riri hou - tenei wa i waenganui i te Soviet Union me te United States.

I te tau 1953 i hanga ai Tāhuhu o Defence o te USSR. tonu whenua MIC ki mahora. He nga momo hou o te taputapu hōia, me te waka rererangi ke. I waenganui i te USSR me te United States timata te iwi ringa. i subordinated atu whanaketanga katoa o te Force Air ki te arorau kotahi - ki te hopu ake, ka mau Amerika. haere mai Hoahoa Bureau Sukhoi (Su), Mikoyan ko Gurevich (mig) ki tona wā tino hua o te mahi.

Ko te taeraa mai o te jet rererangi

whakamatauria ana te pou-pakanga auaha taitahi-hanga tuatahi i roto i te tau 1946 jet rererangi. whakakapi te reira i te tawhito hangarau kōkeke tawhito. Soviet Tuatahi seti maitai mig-9 me Yak-15. whakahaere ratou ki te hinga i te tohu tere o 900 kiromita ia haora, e ko, kua ratou mahi, kua wa kotahi, me te hawhe ki runga ake i nga tauira o mua-whakatupuranga.

Hoki te maha o nga tau i te wheako whānui o te ope rangi Soviet i roto i te Tama'i II o te Ao. take matua me ngā mamae o te rererangi motu Kua tāutuhia. ka anga te reira i te tukanga o te taputapu ao hōu mo te whakapai ake o tona whakamarie, hāneanea me te haumaru. Tetahi huringa (rere koti o te pairati, te mea tino iti i runga i te paewhiri mana) Kei te āta tango āhua i tenei ra. Hoki pai tika o te pupuhi i runga i te rererangi tīmata ki te tāuta pūnaha hihiani matatau.

kua meinga haumarutanga te pïra e te hopoi'a o te Forces Defense hou. Ko te putanga o te korero arahina ki te wehenga o te rohe o te Soviet Union he maha o rāngai, i runga i te pātata ki te rohe kāwanatanga rānei. Hoki tenei kaupapa tonu ki te whakarōpū i rererangi (tawhiti me mua). I roto i te taua 1946 hōia mahino i mua i wahi o te Force Air, kua taratahi i roto i te hinonga motuhake.

tere atu i te reo

I te tahuri o 1940-1950-doma o matatau rererangi kōpana Soviet timata te whanaketanga o te rohe te nuinga mamao o te whenua: te Far Te Tai Tokerau me Chukotka. I hanga nga rerenga mo tawhiti roa e tika ana ki tetahi atu take. rite kau taki Military te matatini hōia-ahumahi Soviet mo te pakanga taea ki te United States, kei runga i te tahi atu taha o te ao. Ki te hangaia te whakaaro ano i Tu-95 - roa-tawhiti rererangi bomber rautaki. Ko tētahi atu wāhi koki i roto i te whanaketanga o te Soviet Air Force i te tomokanga ki runga ki o ratou patu o patu karihi. Mō te whakataki o ngā hangarau hou i teie mahana e pai whakawakia e te puaretanga whare taonga rererangi, kei roto i te tae atu i roto i te "pane o te Russian mahino" Zhukovsky. Ahakoa mea rite te kākahu o te USSR Air Force me ētahi atu taputapu o kaiurungi Soviet whakaatu te kunenga mai o te ahumahi korero.

Tētahi atu taumata i roto i te hītori o te rererangi hōia Soviet noho muri, ka i roto i 1950, i taea e ki te nui te tere o te oro i te mig-17. Record tukua te pairati whakamātautau rongonui Ivan Ivashchenko. I hohoro whakamararatia reira rererangi whawhai tawhito. Na, ko te hou "rangi-ki-whenua" missiles me Air Force "rangi-ki-rangi."

I te mutunga o nga 1960 i hangaia ai te toru-whakatupuranga tauira (hei tauira, te mig-25 seti toa). kua taea ki te rere i te tere e toru nga wa te tere o te oro enei mihini. whakarewahia te hanga rangatū i "migovskie" whakarerekē i te puka o te tiketike-teitei reconnaissance me toa-interceptors. Kua tino pai ake te ēnei rererangi te wakarererangi, me te taunga āhuatanga. I tua atu, i rerekē i roto i te mahi aratau-maha tūemi hou.

I te tau 1974, ko te tuatahi Soviet hekē (Yak-38) i hangaia. Te huri i ngā taputapu, me te taputapu paerata. ka atu hāneanea me te awhina ki te ongo'i fiemālie ara i roto i te kikī tino i kīia e ultra-tiketike Flight koti.

te wha whakatupuranga

Ko te hou rererangi Soviet e tu i runga i te rohe o te Warsaw Tiriti Organization. Aviation mo te wa roa kihai i whai wāhi i roto i tetahi pakanga, engari kua faaite tona kaha ki te āwhatatia mahi pērā i te "Dnepr", "Berezina", "Dvina" me pera i runga i. D.

I roto i te 1980 i reira i Soviet wha-whakatupuranga rererangi. whakanuia ēnei tauira (Su-27, Mig-29, Mig-31, TU-160) i runga i te tikanga o te pai ake te huri. E tonu etahi o ratou i roto i te mahi ki te Russian Air Force.

Ko te pūmanawa i te wa whakakitea te tikanga hou i roto i te pakanga Afghan, mura i te tau 1979-1989. rererangi Soviet i ki te mahi i roto i ngā āhuatanga o te muna tino, me te tamau ahi anti-rererangi i te whenua. I roto i kua te pakanga Afghan kua hanga e pā ana ki te miriona putaputa (i ngaro tenei e pā ana ki 300 waka topatopa, me 100 rererangi). I te 1986 ka timata ia ki te whakawhanake i te kaupapa rererangi hōia tuarima-whakatupuranga. Ko te takoha tino nui ki enei kupu i hanga Sukhoi Design Bureau. Heoi, e tika ana ki te āhuatanga ōhanga me te tōrangapū taumaha i whakatārewatia, a kua oti kaupapa whakatotoka.

Ko te rauoro whakamutunga

i tohua Perestroika e rave rahi tukanga nui. Tuatahi, ko te whanaunga i waenganui i te USSR me te United States noho hopea. Ko runga i te Cold War, a inaianei e kore ko te Kremlin he hoariri rautaki, i roto i te iwi ki ai i reira e tika ana ki te whakapiki ake tonu ona ake matatini hōia-ahumahi. Tuarua, haina nga kau taki o nga superpowers e rua e rave rahi tuhinga rohe, rite ki nei, tīmata tupe tahi.

I roto i te mutunga o nga 1980, withdrawal wawe o ngā hōia Soviet i Afghanistan, e kore anake, engari ano hoki i te whenua o te puni hapori kua. Makehe i roto i te tauine ko te withdrawal o te Army Soviet i te GDR, te wahi ona rōpū matatau kaha. Kua haere rau o rererangi kāinga. Te nuinga o te toenga o te RSFSR, i kawea etahi ki Peraruhia Ukraine ranei.

I roto i te 1991, ka reira mārama e te Soviet Union taea kore te tīariari i roto i tona puka nukurau. Division o te whenua ki pinepine o āhua motuhake arahina ki te wāhanga i mua i te whānui o te ope. e kore te tēnei whakarau haere me te waka rererangi. riro Russia e pā ana ki 2/3 o ngā kaimahi, me te 40% o te taputapu o te Soviet Air Force. ka te toenga o te kainga tetahi 11 Union lepupilika (kihai i te Baltic States tango wahi i roto i te wāhanga).