Supersonic ipu pere matatini "Granite" P-700

I roto i te Cold War, nga kaihoahoa o te USSR me te United States i te timatanga o nga mahi i runga i te hanganga o mua e roto i torpedoes pere nui-tere me missiles ipu. rupe USSR whanaunga ki te US i arahina ki te putanga o te ope patu kau fakasio pere Soviet, rite rawa ki te missiles anti-kaipuke me rererangi paorangi. I roto i te 1983, patu ki te Naval tāruru o te USSR ohi he paorangi ipu pere P-700 matatini "Granite". Mai 1969, mai i töna tïmatanga, me tae noa ki tenei ra te matatini ki te whakapai ake me te ko e kore he whakamātautau kāwanatanga kotahi.

Me pēhea te ki te waihanga i tētahi patu?

whakawhanakehia te pere P-700 "Granit" i roto i te engineering o NGO raro te kaiārahi o V. N. Chelomeya. I roto i te 1984, ka whakakapia e ia Gerbertom Efremovym. Ko te tuatahi whakamātautau e pā ana ipu pere P-700 matatini "Granite" aroaro i roto i te 1979.

Poari pūnaha whiriwhiri motuhake e rave mana o te pere ipu paorangi, huihui pūtaiao me Engineers o te Central Research Institute "Granit". Te kawenga mō te mahi o tenei wāhanga i whakaritea e V. V. Pavlov Kaiwhakahaere Matua.

I whakamana Testing te whakamahi i te takutai turanga, submarine me te cruiser "Kirov". Mai 1983, i oti te mahi hanga katoa, me te Naval tāruru o te USSR kua i tona tikanga he matatini o P-700 "Granit". Ko te whakaahua i raro nei ko te hoahoa ngā anti-kaipuke pere.

Kua aha kua tutuki e te kaihoahoa Soviet?

I roto i te mahi i runga i te hanga o te pere ipu paorangi P-700 whakamahia te parau tumu o te ruruku tahi o ngā huānga e toru:

• Waka e mau ana tohu whakaaro.
• Ko te reo i roto i i hanga tautuhinga te missiles.
• RCC.

Ka rite ki te hua o te hanganga o te wāhanga raraunga o te matatini kotahi e whakarato whai wāhi ki te Navy o te Soviet Union ki akakoromaki i te wero o whawhai moana: ki te whakangaro i te kaipuke, me te rererangi kawe rōpū kaha.

He aha kaipuke i patu ki te huinga hou?

E ai ki te ture o te Komiti Central o te CPSU, i muri i te whakamātautau rere angitu, i tangohia e wahi i roto i Noema 1975, i patu "Granite" matatini:

• "Antey" - te waka ruku karihi.
• "Orlan" - taimaha cruiser pere karihi.
• "Merlin" - rererangi taimaha e mau ana cruiser.
• "Admiral o te Soviet Union Fleet Kuznetsov".
• rererangi taumaha e mau ana cruiser.
• "Petr Veliky" - he cruiser taimaha.

I runga i te momo o te pānga pāpāho rahi pere. Neke atu i te wa, Me ki kia whakakapia ake pūkenga, me te kiato missiles anti-kaipuke ki te pūtoro iti nga missiles P-700. Me ki kia whakakapia hoki faataa ratou obsolescence hangarau.

te kaha tāutanga

Hei ātete i te riri o te kawe rererangi tino e te kaihoahoa Air US Navy Russian i kitea otinga hangarite me-utu whai hua. Kua whakaaturia kawea atu tātaitanga e te whirihoranga o ia o te waka ruku matatini Russian "Granit" te whenua, ko te nui iti atu ratou kawe rererangi US. I muri te mahi i runga i te ao hou, o missiles me ratou kawe sic "Granite", i raro ki te whakapai ake me te tiaki o te hihiko whakahaere, e ahei te hua i te reira taumata tiketike noa 2020.

He aha te mea he patu?

he avaava-āhua Rocket P-700 matatini "Granite" hua, te wahi mua o e Kei roto i tetahi kokoru rangi me te annular whakakopa empennage cruciform. Ko te wahi pokapū o te takere rawa te ki te parirau poto he ola nui. I muri whakarewa i pere parirau e orahia. urutau te pere mo te moana, me te wāhi rangi. Tei runga i te RCC āhuatanga whakahaere me te rauhanga taea te tono trajectory rerekē. Matatini "Granit" Ka taea e kawe i roto i te pakunga o ammo wātea, ka tono te RCC anake. I roto i ngā take pēnei, ko te parau tumu: kotahi whakaputaina e te P-700 - kotahi patua te kaipuke hoariri.

I aha hāngai missiles ipu paorangi?

mahi Angamaheni matatini "Granite" Ko te whakangaromanga o ngā taumata moana. E ai ki ngā tohunga hōia, ki te kawe i te shooting o ngā whakaurunga pūru he raruraru. Ko te take e ka whakaparo koutou i runga i te whāinga whenua GOS kore e mahi (whāhoki) RCC. I roto i ngā take pēnei, ko te pere he aratau motuhake i roto i nei te upoko whāhoki atu. Engari, ko te mahi o Filipé RCC mahi pūnaha inertial. Whai parirau P-700 i te pupuhi whānui tiketike rawa o ngā whāinga whenua, me te takutai (runga ake i te moana). Hoki te whakangaromanga o ngā whakaurunga i runga i whenua hoki e kore e te PRK rapu whakaiti o te teitei iti. Ahakoa o tenei, kia rite ki te whakamahi o missiles ipu i waho hohe GOS - haapiiraa utu: kariri matatini "Granite" ko reira whakaraerae ki parepare rangi hoariri.

Kia pehea te Ko te tīmatanga?

Ko te motini ipu pere P-700 "Granite" mai i te tikanga tikanga me te tuaka pokapū o te turbojet KR-21-300. I te tuarongo o te pere ko te poraka e ngā wha o te whakatere, te whakamahi i kora mārō. Hoki te rokiroki o te tākirirangi ko te waka, me te whakarewatanga ipu hiri motuhake. I mua ki te tīmatanga o RCC "Granite" P-700 parirau, me te hiawero kei roto i te tūranga takai. Ki te awhina o te cowl kikorangi-āhua whakamana te uhi o te horomanga rangi. I roto i te tikanga mo te "Granite" U-700 i roto i te whakarewatanga o te tākirirangi kihai i pakaru exhausts, i mua i rere te whakakiia ana ki te wai tangohia muri. Ko te tika tenei tukanga i roto i te tikanga ki te taea te whakatere e pana te tākirirangi i roto o te aku. ngoto kē te kikorangi dome-āhua i roto i te rangi. I roto i tenei take, nga parirau me te hiawero, i nga ki te tīmata i roto i te āhua takai, e whakakitea. I muri te tītaha te whakatere parariraa, me te tākirirangi mo te rere mā te boosters.

Te patu topu?

Missiles "Granit" P-700 ngā:

• High-pahū warhead hohonu. e ata te reira 585 ki te 750 kg.

• karihi Tactical.
• TNT ōrite, te taimaha o te mea 500 kilotons.

I teie mahana - i runga i te whakatamarikitanga o tiriti ā-ao - missiles ipu karihi rāhuitia "Granit" P-700 te. Hoki ratou taputapu he wae whawhai o te Kawenata anake.

āhuatanga mahinga

• Te rahi o te matatini pere "Granite" P-700 ko tekau mita.
• Diameter - 85 cm.
• Parirau - 260 cm.
• I mua ki te pū tīmatanga e ata 7 taranata.
• taea ki te whakatutuki i te teitei rere iti i te pae o te whakaekenga o te 25 mita te hua ko te.
• ara rere ngā taea te pere ki te tae te whānui ki te 625 km.
• Low-teitei poroāwhio taea ki a koe kia te rere ki te tawhiti e kore rawa 200 km.
• Mā te ANN ARLGSN pūnaha whakahaere.
• whakanoho iho te pū e ki ongó warhead, e pauna i 750 kg.

Nā ki te papatipu nui me te tere nui o P-700 he uaua ki te patua ratou missiles antiaircraft. E ai ki etahi tohunga hōia,, he whai hua anake hoki te patu wāhi ūnga te whawhai o te U-700, e pauna i 750 kg. Ko tenei e tika ana ki te meka e, te uaua reira ki te wahi patua i runga i ngā whāinga motuhake mō te āhuatanga ipu pere e abnormalities i roto i te whānuitanga o runga ki te 200 mita.

He aha te mea he rorohiko mamati?

Hoki pere arata'iraa ki te ūnga tono kaha matenga hihiani. takere Information e te hunga whakamahia rorohiko poari trehprotsessornoy (FDC), kia taea ki te tautuhi i te maha nui o interferences whakaaro tūturu. I roto i te rōpū whakarewa missiles riro taea (pakunga) rapunga hoariri mā te whakawhitiwhiti i ngā taumata kōrero, tāututanga me te tohatoha i runga i ngā tawhā i waenganui i nga upoko pere whāhoki.

Ko te kaha ki te whakarewa i te maha o kaitiaki, kawe rererangi me kaipuke huaki amphibious ki te tautuhi i te ūnga e hiahiatia ana, ka patua i te patu ko reira taea e tika ana ki te takoto ana i roto i te raraunga rorohiko i runga i-papa e hiahiatia ana mō ngā akomanga katoa o kaipuke hou. te whāinga Work FDC ki hoariri pakanga hiko e na roto i te hanga haruru me ētahi atu tātai rangi korero taea huri kē atu i te whāinga missiles ipu tukua. I roto i te nāianei P-700 kua 3B47 teihana "Quartz", e ki te awhina o whakaaro motuhake tautuhi anō atu ngā whakaata me maimoa whakaratohia e te hoariri. Wāteatanga o te rorohiko onboard e te pere P-700 tino mohio: PKR tiakina i hihiani hoariri pokanoa, i roto i te whakautu ki te maka ana ratou ake, me te hanga i te ūnga teka mo te korero o te huakina. I te tīmatanga o te rōpū e tika ana ki te rorohiko onboard taea te whakawhiti mōhiohio.

Kia pehea te Ko te whakaeke?

Hoki pihinga i ngā taumata, i te tawhiti ki nei km neke atu i 120, e whakatika te P-700 ki te teitei o 17 km. He wāhanga nui o te rere i mahi i tenei taumata. I tenei teitei te tākirirangi he pānga iti i runga i te ātete rangi e taea ki reira whakaora wahie. I te taumata o 17 km pūtoro o ake rapunga ūnga. Kia kitea te ūnga te, whakamana tona tāututanga te. Na ka tukua heke te tākirirangi te ki 25 mita. GOS atu. hanga RCC e kitea ki te hihiani hoariri tenei. whakahohe GOS te kē i mua i te whakaeke, ka he mea e tika ana ki te kawe i roto i te matamata pau. whakaeke pere whakaritea i roto i te ara taua e tuatahi whakangaromia nga whāinga matua me te ka - iti. tohatoha o ngā mōhiohio e wahi i waenganui i nga upoko o nga missiles te aroaro o te whakaeke. Nā ki tenei, ki te whakangaro i ia ūnga hangaia te he maha etahi o missiles. Wātea o mua-programmed hoki ia tātai ipu pere taea ki a ratou tiaki ia ratou i anti-rererangi korero o te hoariri.

Kia pehea te mahi i te RCC?

tukua Attack taea te whakahaua he pere ipu kotahi ki te oko motuhake. Ki te kawea i roto i te tīmatanga rōpū, pā RCC te whānuitanga katoa o waka. Wātea i roto i te ope wheako rangi-manuao ki P-700 whakakitea missiles pai tiketike i ngā whāinga takutai i roto i te hoariri, ki te mahi ratou i roto i te rōpū. I roto i tenei take, te tākirirangi tuatahi i ētahi spetszaryad, whakihauā tikanga katoa o parepare rangi hoariri. rōpū e hāngai ana kawe-kua whakaekea e te pa te tauranga ranei he kore taea ki te te tu atu. kawea te wāhanga i muri o te whawhai i te taha o ētahi atu missiles, kihai i nei i spetszaryadov ki matapo te hoariri. pupuhi nga missiles matatini tetahi o ratou e taea te mahi kia rite ki te hōia pū. Pai io taua whakamahi i roto i te whakahaere o RCC Runaway ahi. Hoki ngā reira te whakamahi o te teitei nui. I mōhio i te hihiani hoariri tona whakangaromanga ranei, whai aunoa mahi e tiaki o te tahi atu pere ipu paorangi.

mau Haapiiraa 2016

Oketopa 16, 2016, e mau ana i roto i whawhai misioni whakangungu, te waka o te ruku karihi "Antey" pupuhi te pere P-700 matatini "Granite". Ko te wāhi ko te taparau pihinga i roto i te tinomoutere Novaya Zemlya.

E ai ki etahi tohunga hōia, kawea te whakarewanga o U-700 i roto i ki te whāinga o te pihinga missiles tawhito hē ranei ki to ratou whakakapinga muri. I te wa ano kei te aru te aratau shooting i ngā taumata whenua. He he ano hoki tetahi atu putanga o te mahi: e tika ana ki te āhuatanga tōrangapū kukū i roto i te ao, i mahi i te hui rite te tohu o NATO, e kua Russia kore tawhitotia kawe pere Soviet ka hou, taea ki te ahi i ngā taumata whenua i tetahi wa.