Tātai ahi: whakatau tikanga me ngā āhuatanga

I roto i tenei tuhinga, ka arahi matou he pātai o pūtaiao, ako ahi, o ratou puna, te ahunga whakamua, me ngā tikanga, tauira o te firefighting ratou. Ko te taitara o tenei ako - tātai ahi. Kia noho tatou i runga i ona ngā, whāinga, ngā tikanga, hātepe, whakaaro te tātai taketake o te akoranga.

whakamāramatanga o te ako

tātai Fire - ko te pūtaiao e tuatapapa i te horapa o ahi me te te tikanga ki te mahi ki a ratou, me pehea ki te whakaora iwi. Ko te kaupapa o te whakaaro i konei e rua - ropu tinei whakangungu ki tinei te ahi, me te tinei tika.

Ko te aronga matua o te rangahau i roto i te ako - te tāututanga o etahi tauira o te faaineineraa whai hua ki te tinei, te tukanga o te ahi whawhai, me te faaora patunga. Fakatatau ki ai, ka whakawhanake te ahanoa o te ahi rauhanga tikanga nohopuku, me te tōtika o te tupohe i te ahi.

hangaia ana tēnei ako te ki te haere tahi i te taumata pūtaiao, me te huarahi, te mahi ahi ropu tinei mō te ahi whawhai fakahaofí me.

Ko te whāinga matua o te ako

Ahi tupohe i ahi tātai e whai ana i te whāinga e whai ake nei:

• Ko te ako o ngā tauira motuhake o te ahi haereraa.
• Familiarization ki te hātepe mahi rite te ahi tupohe i me te mau ana i roto i ngā mahi whakaora hāngai ana.
• Whanaketanga o nga tikanga angitu tino o whakahaere o te ope ahi.
• Te whakapai ake whakangungu, e rua rauhanga, me te hoia hinengaro o wāhi katoa - ko tūmataiti, me te arata'iraa.

Ko te whakaaro o te hanganga, tikanga

Ko te whakaaro o te ratonga ahi, me etahi atu rite taua mea, me te whanaketanga o nga turanga o nga tātai ahi ko te haumaru ahi o tangata Russian. Kei te wehewehea te whakamutunga ki te ārai ahi, ka whawhai ki a ratou, me tona wāhanga tuarua - ki te faaineine no te te mahi, me te, i roto i te meka, maka ana ki waho i te ahi. tātai ahi hangaia ki te whakatau i te āhua o te tahumaero matua o te mātauranga, me te whakangungu o tāmate heke mai, me te whakahaere i nga mahi o te Pirikeeti ko tika i roto i te "whawhai".

Ki te taea e waia i te tikanga o GOST 12.1.004-91 te tikanga o te ārai ahi. Methods o e pā ana ki te ahi, tātari tatou i roto i te taipitopito i raro. Tuatahi o te katoa kia mohio ki te ngā taketake, e whakahaere i tetahi pukapuka i runga i tātai ahi.

kupu Basic o te ako

Fire ko tetahi parariraa whakakeke, te tauine o e taea whakawhānui ki te whakangaromanga o te taonga, me te hopohopo i te oraraa o te iwi. Kei te āhuatanga e ona tawhā matua e wha:

• ngingiha kaha;
• rohe whakatö;
• tere o te whakatö o te ahi;
• tahu.

Hotbed o te ahi ko te wāhi tahunga tino kaha. Kei te āhuatanga i te reira e tonu:

• kukuwhatanga o te wera, ranea ki te tautoko i ngingiha;
• supply wahie / wahie;
• Air atu rere piti ranei.

Localization o te ahi - ko reira he ara ki te mahi ki a reira, whāiti te rohe tahunga. Tinei - Ko reira te whakakorenga o te ahi, i te wā whakamutunga o e ka waiho he mutunga tino o te tahunga.

Kimihia a ka faaore i te tātai o te puna wera tiaki ahi e taea e rua nga ara - te meangiti i te rauemi tahu ki te pāmahana i ai ratou pātīmata riro wāhanga urupare taea wehewehe ranei. Hoki enei take, te whakamahi i āpiha whakanoatanga motuhake, e kua wehea ki e toru ngā momo:

• meangiti - wai ngā ranei wairewa waiwai;
• faatarapape i te taonga te tauhohe i ki tetahi ki tetahi - te rūrūtia wai wai ranei kohu atomized, haurehu e mangere;
• faatea i te wāhi parariraa - puehu tinei motuhake, pahuka - matū me te rangi-pūkaha, sheetings, puehu kore-combustible, me te pera atu.

Ko te tātai o ngā tari ahi

Kia mau te hātepe e whai ake nei:

1. Reception, tukatuka te pūrongo maiki.
2. Tirohia atu te ropu me tona haapa'oraa ki te wahi o te ahi.
3. Te torotoro haere o te scene.
4. Ko te matatini o te mahi e hāngai ana ki tupohe i te ahi.
5. deploys te reira i runga i te hiahia mō te hōpuni atu me ngā rauemi.
6. Ko te whakakorenga oti o te ahi.
7. Ko te whakahaeretanga o motuhake e tika ana.
8. kauhoe Collection, taputapu, hoki ki te wahi o te whakamahinga o te hoia.

Na kia mohio i roto i te taipitopito te ahurea tātai, rautaki me te ahi ite.

maramarama Fire

arotau, tika, mahi, purposefulness me te haere tonutanga - ki te ahi maramarama he maha o ngā whakaritenga pakari kua. I roto i te tikanga mahi ia rōpū mahi matatini i runga e, tei te angitu o tupohe i te ahi:

• Kimi iwi, ki te aromatawai i tuma ki to ratou ora, me te hauora, me te tautuhi i pāngia te tika te ara o te ora.
• Hei whakatau i te taea o te whakakitenga o Tuarua āhuatanga ahi mōrearea.
• Whakatau i te wāhi o te tauine ahi, rauemi mura, tere, me te mura horapa huarahi.
• Kimihia te wahi taea whakaurunga me tāuta o te tiaki ahi i roto i te rohe o te ahanoa pāngia.
• Kimihia hiko, i raro i ngaohiko, ki te whakatau i te taea me ara o ratou momotunga i te supply mana.
• Whakahaere i te tātaritanga poto o te kāwanatanga o nga hanganga, ratou kaha me te mauroa; tāutu i ngā wāhi ka taea o ratou disassembly tuwhera ranei.
• Whakatau ahakoa tae ope ropu tika, me te hangarau mō te localization me te toremi o te ahi, ki te hiahia te karanga ngā.
• Te kōwhiri i te aronga whakatakotoria me mahi piringa o ara.

Pukapuka i runga i tātai ahi i roto i te "Exploration" whakakoi atu te arotahi o ngā ākonga ki runga i taua kaupapa rite:

• whakamātautau ngā mokowā ae;
• hanga tūpāpaku me ētahi atu waihanga mō te whakapanga ara hōneatanga;
• mehua haumaru matatini i roto i te tūhuratanga.

tātai ahi tupohe i

Ki te localization o ope ahi matua e hāngai ana i te hanga i te UT - ngā wāhi tupohe i. E wehea ratou rite ki o ratou taumahinga:

• ki te tinei;
• tiaki;
• ki te whakaora i te patunga, me ētahi atu

Hei whakaoti pai te mahi i mua i tae i te pae o te take hoia, me te whiriwhiri koe i te pere matau ngāue papau. Ko te mau parau tumu o te whakatau i te whai ake:

• Ki te kahore he he riri ki te ora ranei hauora o te patunga, ka ka kia te arotahi matua o te mahi ratou whakaoranga.
• Ki te kia meinga te ahunga whakamua o te ahi i te pahūtanga tiango ranei, he arotahi ki runga i ārai i tēnei ati te kaha o te ope ahi.
• Ki te reira te mea he mōrearea o te mura whakatö i roto i nga whare tawhiti me ngā rauhanga toe ratou, me te ārai i te mahi tuatahi o te mahi ahi tenei a kia whakaongaonga te tangata iti kafó o kino rauemi.
• Ki te kahore he riri o te horapa o te ahi ki te tahi atu hanganga, ka whiua te ropu tinei ahi ratou ope matua i runga i te localization o te ahi tino kaha.
• Ki te hipoki e te whare ahi e kore ko te uara rauemi, engari i reira ko te pea e ka horapa te mura ki whare pātata me ngā hanganga, he matua mahi i runga i te tiaki ahi o te muri te hoia.

I roto i te ako o te ariā o te whawhai ahi me kia mōhio o te whai ake:

• tikanga kai, te mahi ki te āpiha whakanoatanga rerekē;
• kai tikanga ki ngā wāhi - toa tahu mata, feāvaaki o inaki, me ētahi atu, te kai kahiwi pahuka i ;.
• ara o whakapanga rārangi ngongo;
• āhuatanga me ngā ture haumaru mō te mahi i roto i te wāhi auahi.

tātai Tātai ahi Basic

whakamahia hoki te rohe o ngā tātai matapae ahi whakatö te uara e whai ake nei:

V _L - uara o tere rārangi o whakatö o ngingiha;

t _p - wa o te ahi;

t _Lock - wa ahi localization;

L _n - te ara traversed e te ahi.

I roto i te tātai tohu te tepu tautuhi i te ara traversed e te ahi i roto i te whanaketanga ahi.

Hei whakatau i te ara traversed e te ahi i roto i tatau tatau e wātea ana, - L _{AM / n} uara tono:

L _n - ahi ara:

L _{Ave / AM} - ngä wā i te pokapū o te kuwaha ki te putake o pātīmata ki te poutū;

L _Lane - te tawhiti i te putake o te ahi ki te taiepa e taui te āhua o te rohe ahi katoa.

Ki te ko te tatau i roto i te rohe ahi, ka puta ke te muri kei roto i te kokonga o te tapawhā, whakamahi te tātai: L _{AM / n} = L _n - L _{Ave / AM.}

Ki te i raro i te taua tikanga kuwaha ko reira i roto i ngā āpiti o te rohe ahi, te tātai tika: L _{AM / n} = L _n - L _Lane.

Ko te tātai mō te tātai āpiha ahi tupohe i

Hei tātai i te maha e hiahiatia o moni ki te tinei i te uara e whai ake nei te tono:

_MP Q - maha katoa o te rauemi e hiahiatia ana;

Q _{tr / t} - nui o taonga e hiahiatia ana mō te tinei;

Q _{tr / s} - nui o taonga e hiahiatia ana mō te tiaki;

S _p - Area o te ahi;

_t S - te wāhi o tinei;

_tr ahau - kai taonga kaha e hiahiatia ana.

N _{t / PTS} - maha o ngā pūrere mō te tinei;

N _{z / PTS} - maha o ngahaú ki te tiaki;

q _STV - te kohi o te taonga i kotahi kātua.

Ka taea e pukapuka whakatau i te mahi o tātai ahi ki whakataunga rite ki te tātai:

• Q = Q _{tr tr / t} + Q _{tr / s;}
• Q _{tr / t n} = S x _{RP ahau;}
• Q _{tr / t} = S _t x _{RP ahau;}
• Q _{tr / z} = S _n x _c ahau _{/ TP;}
• N _{t / tr STV} = Q _{/ t} / q _PTS;
• _PTS N _{z / PTS} = Q _{tr / s} / _q.

Kua uiui e matou e kore he mātauranga anake te ako, engari ano ngā tono i roto i te mahi o Pirikēti ahi. tauturu kainga angitu o te ahi rauhanga ki hohoro te kawe i te scene tūhura, me te hanga i te raupapa tika o mahi, whakaiti i te maha o patunga me te kino rauemi.