Te faaineineraa o te haukini i roto i te taiwhanga me tauine ahumahi

Haukini (NH3) ko te pūhui matū o te hauwai ki te hauota. ka te reira i tona ingoa i te kupu Kariki «hals ammniakos» Latin ranei «tutaraanga ammoniacus» e whakawhiti Odinokova - "haukini". Ko te taonga i huaina pūhaumāota haukini whiwhi i roto i te Haukini koraha haumako Ripia.

whakaaro haukini te he taonga rawa paitini e he ahei o irritating nga kiriuhi mucous o nga kanohi, me te wahi romahā. Ko te tohu tuatahi o te haukini paihana he lacrimation nui, dyspnea me te mumura pūkahukahu. I te wa ano, haukini - he matū tino Kei te whānui i whakamahia mo te faaineineraa o waikawa pararopi, hei tauira, hauota, cyanide, me te tiomimi, me te hauota tai. haukini wai - ko te pai e mahi reo paemahana ipu me ngā mīhini, mai i te mea he wera nui motuhake o te vaporization. Wai rongoā haukini e whakamahia rite tongi wai rite te pai kia rite ki mo te tongi ammoniation pākawakawa, me ranunga ona.

Te faaineineraa o te haukini i te hau flue i roto i coking ko te tikanga tino tawhito, me te tino wātea ana, engari kua pau te reira me ki te rā te ngā whakamahia.

tikanga Modern a taketake, ko te ki te whakaputa i haukini i roto i te ahumahi e hāngai ana i runga i te tukanga Hepere. Ko tōna ngako ko te ngā tika o te hauota, me te hauwai, e puta rite ki te hua o te faafariuraa o hau pūwaro. Ko te feedstock nuinga puta hau māori, hau, hinu para, hau hinu haere hau wäriu i te hanga o te acetylene. Ko te tikanga mō te whakaputa faafariuraa haukini ngā i roto i decomposing te te mewaro me ona homologs ki wāhanga tiketike pāmahana o te hauwai me te waro hāoratahi ki hāora - hāora me te kohu wai. A, no te admixed tenei hau e ki te rangi convertible hāora-hua, rangi kōhauhau ranei. I te tīmatanga, ko te tauhohenga te whakaputa haukini i runga i te pūtake o te hau faafariuhia rere i te wera, engari ki te hekenga i roto i te rōrahi o te hua tīmata o te tauhohenga:

N2 + 3H2 ↔ 2NH3 + 45,9 kJ

Heoi, kawea te hanga o te haukini i runga i te tauine ahumahi i roto i te whakamahi i te whakakōkī me i raro i ngā āhuatanga horihori e tukua ki te whakapiki ake i te tukua o te hua oti. I roto i te huru, te wahi whakanuia ana te faaineineraa o te haukini te pēhanga ki te 350 atmospheres, a ka ara ake te pāmahana ki te 500 degrees. I raro i enei tikanga, te tukua o te haukini - e pā ana ki te 30%. nekehia Gas i te rohe tauhohenga mā te meangiti tikanga, me te hauota, me te hauwai, kihai i e hoki mai ki te tīwae ariā i tali a kia whai wāhi ano i roto i te tauhohe. I roto i te kōtuitui he mea tino nui ki te horoi i te ranunga hau i paihana whakakōkī, matū ahei taka ranei te kaiwhakakökï mahi. He taua rauemi kohu wai, CO, rite, P, Se, O2, S.

Ka rite ki te whakakōkī i roto i te hauota, me te hauwai kōtuitanga tauhohe tavini koranu rino maiengi o konumohe, me te pāhare pāporo waikura. te taonga anake o te katoa 20 mano tamata i mua, tutuki taurite tauhohe. Tenei parau tumu o whiwhi haukini ko te economical tino.

Te faaineineraa o te haukini i roto i te taiwhanga e hāngai ana i runga i te displacement hangarau reira i te tai haukini o kawakore kaha. Schematically, te tauhohenga ko e whai ake:

2NH4CI + Ca (OH) 2 = 2NH3 ↑ + CaCl2 + 2H2O

ranei

NH4Cl + NaOH = NH3 ↑ + NaCl + H2O

Hei tango makuku te taikaha me te haukini maroke, kua haere i te reira i roto i te ranunga o te konutai waihā me te kotakota. tutuki faaineineraa o te haukini maroke rawa e tātau te konganuku konutai reira me Māturu muri o te ranunga. I roto i te nuinga o te wā e kawea taua tauhohenga i roto i te pūnaha kati i raro i mārua whakarewa. Ano, Me te tu i te pūnaha taua te pēhanga teitei tutuki nei te tu i roto i ki te kohu haukini ki 10 atmospheres i te pāmahana rūma.