Te tūtohiripo: ngā hōtaka, ngā, wāhanga, hanga

I roto i te ao i teie mahana o te hangarau mamati ko te pūtake mo te hōtaka o te ngā rorohiko, gadgets me ētahi atu taputapu hiko. Na te kaha ki te hohoro a tika te hanga i tētahi tūtohi rere tavini te turanga, te pūtake o te pūtaiao. Tenei kaupapa Ko te tauira kauwhata o te tukanga e me aru taputapu. Kei a ia ko waeine mahi takitahi e mahi whakaaro rerekē (tīmatanga / tāuru mutunga / putanga, he karanga mahi, a na i runga i. D.).

Hātepe me algorithmization

I roto i te meka, te hātepe ko te ako noa i runga i te raupapa i roto i nei me te mahi koe etahi takahanga i roto i te tukatuka o raraunga raw ki te hua e hiahiatia ana. I tua atu, kei te maha whakamahia te wā ariā o algorithmic. Kei te matau te reira i rite te huinga o ngā tikanga me ngā tūāhua o te tuhi ake raupapa mō ngā mahi motuhake.

E mea pinepine, e kore te te hātepe e whakamahia ana hei aratohu mo te rorohiko, me te te kaupapa ki te mahi i tetahi mahi. hanga tenei reira taea ki te mōhio i te tōtika me te whai huatanga o tenei tukanga rongoā, ki te whakatika i tetahi hapa, a ki te whakarite i te reira ki te tahi atu rongoā rite i mua i te whakataki o te rorohiko. I tua atu, ko te hātepe ko te pūtake mo te waihanga o te hōtaka e hiahia ana koe ki te tuhituhi i roto i te reo hōtaka, i roto i te tikanga ki te whakatinana anō i te tukanga o te tukatuka mōhiohio i runga i te PC. haere mai teie mahana ki te ti'araa e rua ara mahi o te hanga taua raupapa. Ko te tuatahi ko te whakamārama āpitihanga-waha, me te tuarua - te raruraru tūtohiripo. Ko te tuatahi o ratou tino i iti noa. Ko e tika ana ki te kore o te mārama me te verbosity tenei. Te tikanga tuarua, i runga i te anga ke, ko te tikanga tino watea o te raupapa image. Kei te whānui tohaina reira e rua i roto i te whakangungu me te i roto i te tuhinga pūtaiao.

flowcharts Elements

He hoahoa poraka o te hātepe hōtaka ko te raupapa o ngā pūāhua whakairoiro e tuhituhia te mahi ngā mahi motuhake, me te te hononga i waenganui i a ratou. I roto i ia o enei whakaahua kei roto ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te mahi ki te kia whakamana. Te rahi me te whirihoranga o te huru whakairoiro, me te tikanga o raupapa rēhita whakaritea GOST 19003-80 ko GOST 19002-80.

A feruri i te ngā āhuatanga taketake o te mahere ripo (i roto i te whakaahua ngā tauira o te tohu).

1. Tukanga - rorohiko mahi raupapa ranei o mahi.

2. Rongoā - Tirohia te tikanga i tohua.

3. Whakarereke - huringa pane.

4. Ko te tukanga tautuhia kē - kaikä ki te tukanga.

5. Tuhinga - tā me te putanga raraunga.

6. Ko te kāri tokua - tomo mōhiohio.

7. ahau / e - tāuru / tāputa.

rere āputa rārangi - 8. Tūhono.

9. Tīmata / Kāti - tīmata, mutunga, mutu, tīmata, kōkuhu me te whakaputa e whakamahia i roto i te hātepe mau pŭpŭ tauturu.

10. Comment - te whakamahia mō te whakatakoto placards.

11. Ko te rerenga poutū me te whakapae - te ahunga o te raupapa, te hono i waenganui i te poraka.

12. hanumi - rerenga pūhui.

13. interstitial tūhono - tohu tohu i te whakawhitinga ki tetahi atu whārangi.

ture Te whakairotanga

kawea te hanga o te mahere ripo i roto i runga i te whakaritenga motuhake rai GOST. Hei tauira, kei te whakamahia anake rārangi whakapae poutū ranei i roto i te taha tohu whakairoiro. Rerenga i te tika ki te mahue me i raro ki runga, tohua tonu i pere. e kore ai e tohua Ētahi atu rārangi. kia te tawhiti i waenganui i awa whakarara kore iti iho i te toru mitamano, a i waenganui i te tahi atu mea timatanga - e kore e iti iho i rima mitamano. Me waiho te rahi Poraka he maha o rima. Ko te ōwehenga o whakapae ki te tohu whakairoiro poutū ko 1.5. I te tahi taime kia ai taua mea rite ki te rua. Hoki te haratau o te whakaahuatanga, kia taua whakairoiro. Na roto i te āhua o hononga wehewehe momo tūtohiripo rārangi, huri taiāwhio, me te hanganga wana.

Taurangi, taimau me ngā pūtau mahara

Hoki pai te māramatanga o te parau tumu whakahaere o te hātepe e taea te whakaaro te mīhini ohie. Kei te tito te reira o mahara, arā, o ngā pūtau; tuhi / pānui upoko; pūtukatuka. He aha te mea te parau tumu mahi o tenei pūrere? Te matenga, ka riro te tikanga i te pūtukatuka, tuhia e raraunga ki te pūtau ranei pānui taimau. I roto i te take māmā, ka hei te maha o te tauhanga tenei. I tua atu, kia waiho nga taimau hei hanganga raraunga o te aho pūāhua me etahi atu. Matau I raro pūtau mahara tāupe i roto i i rongoa ngā mōhiohio kei te. I roto i te mahia o te hātepe e taea te tuhituhi raraunga rerekē i roto i te pūtau taua. I teie parau tumu, rorohiko whaiaro, me te tahi atu hikohiko. Ko te hātepe ki te mahi i tetahi mahi ko te huinga o whakahau mō te pānui tuhituhi ranei raraunga i roto i te pūtau mahara.

huānga

Huānga Ko tetahi atu ahua o ngā taurangi taupūtia. I roto i te meka, he kohinga o ngā pūtau e faaite i te ti'araa noa. Huānga wehewehe rua ahu, e toru-ahu, a na i runga i. D. Ko te māmā o enei ko te maha o ngā pūtau karapīpiti. he ona ake ingoa he ngohi taua. Ia huānga he tona maha ake - taupū. Tamau, rongoa i roto i te pūtau huaina he huānga ngohi.

Ko te momo e rua-ahu i roto i ona āhuatanga wāhi haamana'oraa o te kopu. Ko te pūtau i roto i te taua ngohi e āhuatanga e rua kuputohu (rite reira he poari whaikīngi ki ngā pūtau taua). whakatinana ana te taua parau tumu e me ake te hanganga toru-ahu.

hātepe rārangi

āhuatanga tēnei momo o flowcharts raupapa (tauira e hoatu i roto i tenei tuhinga) e te raveraa i i te timatanga ki te mutunga ki raro. I roto i tenei take, mahi te mīhini he mahi reira taahiraa whakaritea i te taahiraa. whawha atu katoa mahi e te pūtukatuka. Haunga rorohiko, ka whakahaua iho e ia te Tuhituhi / matenga lau, te wahi me te aha ki te tuhi me te pehea, ki te whakaaro, ki te tika. Ko te hua whakamutunga kua tuhituhia ki ngā pūtau mahara, ia o nei he tona taupū me pupuru ana ona tamau.

kouru hātepe

I roto i te mahi, ko te tino onge te momo rārangi. E mea titauhia maha ki te whakarite i te raupapa o nei, i runga i ngā āhuatanga hoatu puta rite ki te peka ngā rānei. Kei roto te tūtohiripo te momo rārātini huānga "otinga", i roto i nei takina te tetahi huru te, me te ake nga manga atu i roto i te raupapa.

Flowcharts: Tauira

Fakakaukau ki he founga branched te hātepe mahi. Ka rite ki te tauira, te tango i te mahi: z = y / x. Kei te kite te reira i i te huru e te whārite kua kotahi fakangatangata - e kore e taea te wehea e te kore. Na ko te mea e tika ana ki te whakakore i te whakatau, me te whakamōhio i te kaiwhakamahi e pā ana ki te hapa. unu Tuatahi tūtohiripo. Ka ngā reira o e whitu poraka. Ko te tohu tuatahi whakairoiro - "te timatanga", te tuarua - "E tomo" konei kia whakaturia nga uara o X me Y. aru tenei e te poraka "otinga", kua kawea te reira i roto i whakaū o te huru X = 0. I roto i tenei take, te maua e te mīhini i roto i te houhanga rongo ki te pūtau tamau ki te e hāngai te uara tāuru ki reira, na haere te hātepe ki te peka whakatau "Ae". I roto i tenei take, kua whakawhiti te mana ki te wha te kōwae, me te whakaputanga o te mīhini i te "hapa", mutu te mahi i roto i "Whakamutua" tohu whitu. Ki te he kino te hua, ka whakamana te rima o tohu tukanga wehewehe whakairoiro te me te Z. uara fakapapau'i I roto i te ono o nga hua poraka putanga i runga i te mata.

robin a tawhio

E mea pinepine, i roto i te whakaoti rapanga he reira e tika ana ki te faahiti i te mahia o tetahi mahi i runga i te fakafalala taua mō ngā uara ngā o te taurangi, me te hua irava maha i runga i te wāhanga kotahi o te tukanga. E huaina taua wāhi huringa me te hātepe - huritaiāwhio. Mā te tenei tikanga tino whakaiti i te raupapa iho. hātepe huri taiāwhio e taea te wehea ki e rua ngā momo: he i mua unknown, me te nui o haere taua mua mohiotia.

rongoā Tauira wana hātepe

Fakakaukau angé ki he tauira i roto i i homai tūtohiripo mua ki te maha unknown o whitinga. Ki te mahi i tenei, ki te whakaoti i te raruraru - whakapūtā te maha iti o ngā mema o te raupapa o ngā tau tūturu, te nui o e nui te tau K. ngā tenei hoahoa poraka o waru pūāhua. I te tuatahi, tomo te uara o (№2) K. Na, i roto i te poraka 3 Kei te whakatakotoria tāupe R ki "tetahi", te auraa e, e tīmata ai tatau i te tau māori. Kei te whakaturia te nui tāpiripiri o C i roto i te timatanga ki "kore". Next, Kei te whakawhiti te mana ki te rima te poraka, mahia o te whakahau e ai wahi: C = C + P. Ko, uara te aofangatuku C ko P pūtau, ka tuhiruatia te hua i roto i C. I muri i te tua o te wā tuatahi i roto i te raupapa e takina №6 tikanga kōwae - ki te nui te moni i te tau tomu'a K? Ki te kore e ngata te huru, ka haere te mana ki te wha poraka, wahi nui haere te n tāupe e tetahi, a ka haere tonu ano tukatuka ki te ārai №5. Ka tango i tenei tukanga wahi rite te roa rite nga tikanga e whai ake nei e makona: C> K, arā, nui nui whakaemi he uara tomu'a. Ko te n tāupe ko te huringa counter. Next puta ki te aukati №7, ai taia hua.

Hātepe kei roto hanganga koropiko whakautu

E mea pinepine ki te hiahia te waihanga i tētahi koropiko ki te otinga algorithmic o te raruraru, e kua i roto i tona tinana i te huringa rerekē. Kei te whakaaro te reira i te täkupu. E huaina taua huānga hanganga koropiko whakautu. Ka taea e ratou kia kia tino nui. Kei te whakaritea te reira e te tikanga e tutuki te otinga e hiahiatia ana o te raruraru. Hei tauira, i roto i te tukatuka o ngohi kotahi-ahu, ka rite ki te tikanga, hanga he huringa tūtohiripo kahore āpitihanga. Otiia, i roto i ētahi wā, i roto i whakaoti taua raruraru ko reira tika ki te tīpako i te putanga o te whakatau tika taua. Me kï reira e kia roto i nga koropiko tauroto katoa, tae atu i te tuatahi (waho) porotiti ki ngā ingoa rerekē. Waho taea te whakamahi ratou rite taurangi noa i waho o tona huringa.

hātepe ngaahi houalotú

Tenei momo o te raupapa ko te orotahi o nga ngā mahinga reo. kua he ingoa, me te tawhā huaina ōkawa te hātepe pŭpŭ tauturu. Ingoa hoatu ki te wehe i te reira i roto i ētahi atu, me te tawhā o te tūranga o te putanga me te wāhi o ngā mahi pāngarau. E whiriwhiria ratou i roto i te ara e i pau te huinga ki tonu o ngā rahinga e hiahiatia ana. E mea pinepine tetahi me te tawhā ōkawa taua he e rua kōkuhu me te whakaputa. Hei tauira, i roto i taua e taea te tono he hātepe ki te ngohi tāuru mō tukatuka. I roto i te wahi hua, e taea te aroaro te reira i roto i te puka whakarerekētia hei tawhā putanga. I roto i nga momo o hātepe ngaahi houalotú wehewehe i waenganui i ngā mahi, me ngā tukanga.

hātepe whakapopo

E parauhia te reira rite te roha o te kaupapa whānui o te hātepe i runga i te tautoko (mahi me ngā tukanga) me te matenga. Ko te tino māmā tenei tikanga, ka hoatu te hātepe kei te he hoahoa poraka - tuatahi tutakina wahi o reira, he kawenga hoki te nuinga o te mahi. Kua hanga te wāhanga uaua tino rite te ngā tukanga mahi, me te taumata-runga. I tua atu, kua wehea ratou ki ngā wāhanga māmā o te taumata iti. kaimahi te reira i te parau tumu o "i te matatini ki te kuware." Kei te tū te reira i rite te roa rite kore te hātepe e kia whakawete ki ona huānga māmā. Ko te tikanga ngā te whāwehe whakatau raupapa o e toru ngā wāhanga matua: urunga raraunga, kōmaka he ngohi, te putanga o te ngohi Kōmaka. Ko te wāhanga tuatahi me te whakamutunga, no te mea o kore noa e hiahia ana ratou ki te roha, na mahi ratou i roto i te hātepe matua. Ko te tuarua ko te tātaitanga whaiaro-kongakonga rawa matatini, na kei te nuinga o te wā whakaaturia ai i roto i te poraka motuhake. wāhanga kōmaka, i tahuri, wehea kia rua nga wahi: ko te hiahia hoki tukanga whakatū (N-1) -fold o irava o te ngohi tomu'a me te kimi i te huānga iti i roto i te ngohi kongakonga, aru i te whakatikatika ki te wahi tuatahi o tona huānga. Mai faahiti te taahiraa whakamutunga te e rave rahi taime, e rēhitatia ai rite te tukanga motuhake.