Tinana Water i roto i te ao. Whakamahi o tinana wai

whakaeminga Natural wai i runga i te mata o te whenua, kia rite ki te pai kia rite i roto i te kahu o runga o te kirinuku o te whenua, ka karanga tinana wai. riro ratou tikanga hydrological me te whai wāhi i roto i te huringa wai i roto i te natura. Ōnuku o te aorangi titoa te nuinga o ratou.

rōpū

Te hanganga, e wehea ngā āhuatanga hydrological me ngā āhuatanga kaiao o tinana wai ki ngā rōpū e toru: roto, awa me ngā hanganga wai ahua motuhake. Rerenga wai - te reira awa, awa, awa, arā, te wai i roto i roto i te pito rawa o te mata o te whenua te wahi te kaupapa i mua, faaheeraa. He mau farii i reira heke mata te whenua kei te me te nekehanga o te wai he mea whakarite ki te manga puhoi. repo reira, roto, Faarii, ngā roto, moana, moana.

āhuatanga motuhake wai - kōpaka maunga, me te uhi, me te manawa whenua katoa (peihana wai tena i, aquifers manawa whenua Horizons). kia rangitahi (maroke ake), me te pūmau roto rerenga wai ranei. E te nuinga o nga tinana wai rauwiringa - ko e wahi o te matotoru o te oneone, toka, me te oneone, kanohi i roto i ratou moana wai, te moana, roto awa ranei. I te rohe o peihana wai kei pātata takoto, e taea e te raro mata (orographic) ranei.

Te whatunga hydrographic

Awa me roto i te töpü, herehere i roto i tetahi rohe ngā, ko te whatunga hydrographic. Heoi, e kore e tangohia te nuinga o nga kōpaka konei ano ki pūkete, a ko reira he. kia whakaaro te reira i te whatunga hydrographic he rārangi tino tonu o te tinana wai e te hunga i te mata o te rohe.

Awa, awa, awa, hei wāhanga o te whatunga hydrographic, awa arā, awa i huaina whatunga. Ki te mea i reira he awa anake o nui, arā te awa, tenei wahi o te whatunga hydrographic a ka kia huaina te whatunga awa.

ōnuku

Ōnuku i hanga e nga wai māori katoa o te whenua. kahore e kore te ariā e kore ona rohe ano tautuhia. Na roto i te iho auraa te anga wai te nuinga taratahi o te ao, kei nei i roto i te kirinuku o te whenua, tae atu i roto i tona matotoru, e tohu ana he fakakātoa 'o te moana, me ngā moana, manawa whenua me ngā o ngā rauemi whenua wai: kōpaka, cover hukarere, repo, roto me ngā awa . E kore e whakaurua ki roto ki te ariā o te makuku ōnuku anake kōhauhau me te roto i roto i kaiao ora te wai.

te tikanga te ariā o te wai ōnuku te rite āhua me te ake matatau. Ko te whakamutunga - ko tenei te wahi whai wāhi nga wai ōnuku wā anake nga wai mata, e kua kei waenganui i te huru me te lithosphere, a i roto i te take tuatahi ngā ngā mema katoa o te tohanga ao: ko te wai māori o te ao, me raro, te wahi o runga o te kirinuku, me te makuku kōhauhau, me te wai i roto i te kaiao ora. Ko ofi ange ki te ariā o "ōnuku", te wahi i reira he tino he wahi o ako te raruraru o te interpenetration o Geospheres rerekē (huru, lithosphere, ōnuku) tenei - ao koiora rohe, Vernadsky.

rauemi wai o te whenua

Kei roto ahanoa Water ao āhua 1388 miriona kiromita pūtoru o te wai, he nui nui, tohaina ki runga ki nga tinana wai o momo katoa. Moana me moana e kua e pā ana ki taua mea - ko te wahi matua o te wai no ki te wai ōnuku, 96,4 ōrau o te tapeke tenei. I roto i te wahi tuarua, kōpaka me snowfields: konei 1.86 ōrau o katoa wai o te ao. Ko te toenga o nga tinana wai kua whakatika 1.78%, i te mea he maha nui o awa, ngā roto me waimaori.

Ko te wai tino nui - hou, engari ko ratou i roto i te ao i te moka rawa o 36 769 000 kiromita pūtoru, e ko, 2.65 anake ōrau o te wai planetary katoa. Na te wahi pai, kōpaka me snowfields, e kei neke atu i te whitu tekau ōrau o te wai hou katoa i runga i te whenua. ngā roto wai māori e 91,000 kiromita pūtoru o te wai, he ōrau hauwhā, te wai hou raro: 10 530 000 kiromita pūtoru (28.6%), i runga i ngā awa, me te pūkete mau farii no te haurau ranei haumano o te ōrau. I roto i te repo o te iti moka te wai, engari ratou rohe i runga i te ao he nui - 2682 miriona kiromita tapawha, e te mea nui atu i te roto, me te ake Faarii.

Ko te huringa hydrological

Tino ahanoa katoa ki ia atu rauemi koiora moana hono autaki tika ranei, mai faaite ratou i te huringa wai i runga i te ao (ao huringa hydrological). Ko te wāhanga matua o te huringa ko te rere awa, hanga hononga te tuawhenua me ngā hurihanga moana. Ko te engaenga awa nui ko te awa nui o te ao - te Amazon, tona rere te wai ko te 18% o te rere o nga awa katoa o te whenua, e ko te 7280 kiromita pūtoru ia tau.

I tonu i runga i te mua e wha tekau ki te rima tekau nga tau taimaha o te wai i roto i te maha ao ōnuku o te ihirangi takitahi ahanoa wai maha rerekē hoki te wai tūariarihia. Ki te mahana te ao, me te nui haere rewa o te hipoki, me kōpaka maunga, rau permafrost, mārika i nui haere te taumata o nga moana. Kōpaka i Greenland, Antarctica, e āta nga motu Arctic, kopiko atu,. Water - he rauemi māori e he taea ki te kia whakahoutia hoki te tonu whangai reira ki rerenga, e rere ki te awhina o watersheds i roto i ngā roto me ngā awa, i whai ahua ai te rāhui raro, e ko te puna matua e tukua te whakamahi o tinana wai.

te whakamahi o

whakamahia ana te taua wai te, te tikanga he rota o te wā me ngā kaiwhakamahi rerekē. Hei tauira, te tuatahi kua whai wāhi i te reira i roto i tetahi tukanga, me ka tomo te wai koraha, na te wai ano te whakamahi i te kaiwhakamahi rerekē. Otiia ahakoa te meka i te wai, ko te puna o whakakī me anō-whakamahia, e kore e te whakamahi o te wai puta i roto i te nui, mai kore ko te nui e hiahiatia ana o te wai hou i runga i te ao.

puta kaimahi Special wai, hei tauira, i roto i nga wa o te tauraki atu ari tūturu ranei. heke te ua, a ko ratou te puna matua o te whakahoutanga o tenei rauemi taiao. Hoki, whakapokea ngaa rukenga puunaha tinana wai, e tika ana ki te hanga o pāpuni, dikes me ētahi atu hanganga huringa tikanga hydrological me ngā hiahia tangata nui tonu te horomanga wai hou tukua. Na reira, he ariki tiaki o ngā rauemi wai.

āhuatanga ture

Ao o te wai, o te akoranga, ko te rauemi taiao whai hua nui faufaa kaiao, me te ōhanga. Rerekē tetahi te wai kohuke ko tino faufaa no te ora te tangata. Na reira, o te faufaa ngā ko te ture ture ki te faatura ki te taonga wai, te whakamahi o te tinana wai me o ratou wahi, rite pai rite te tohatoha, me te tiaki. Na reira, ko te "wai" me "te wai" - he ariā ture rerekē.

Water Ko e kore ake atu i te pūhui o te hāora, me te hauwai, e te vai i roto i te wai, haurehu waihā, me mārō āhua. Water - Ko reira tino te wai katoa i te mea reira i roto i te tinana wai katoa, arā, i roto i tona āhua tūturu i runga i te mata whenua, me i te roto, a i roto i ngā momo katoa o te te tauturu kirinuku o te whenua. faaterehia tinana wai e te ture tivira. He he he ture wai motuhake, e regulates te whakamahi o te wai, kei roto i te taiao māori, me te tinana wai - te whakamahi wai. E kore e mavahe reira, a kahore noa te wai takitahi i roto i te huru, me te hinga i roto i te puka o te rerenga, he wahi o te hanganga oneone rite.

haumaru

Haumaru i runga i te tinana wai i roto i te hotoke whakarite hanganga ture tonu ki te ture e hāngai ana. Ko te tino iu rite te roa rite kore huka pūmau mai Autumn tio. I roto i te ahiahi, me i te po e taea te tu i te reira i te tetahi kawenga, a ka kua hohoro te ra te tahu e te wai rewanga e seeps hohonu ki te tio hanga maiengi, me te ngoikore, i roto i te noa'tu o te matotoru. I roto i tenei wā, ko reira te take o te whara, me te ara matenga.

Roto whakatio runga rawa pāhiwihiwi, tuatahi atu te rohe, i roto i te wai pāpaku, ka i roto i te waenganui. Lakes, roto, te wahi i te wai he whakaroau, a rawa i roto i te awa ki e kore e rere ki awa, e kore e whai te reira i te awa mau taviri ngaro ranei, whakatio tere. Hoki pupuri tonu hoki te hanganga o te tio. matotoru Haumaru hoki te tangata kotahi - whitu henimita ki te ara maita - e kore e iti iho i te tekau ma rua henimita, e haere ana hoki whakawhiti - rima henimita, mo te motokā - e kore e iti iho i te toru tekau. Ki te hinga tonu te tangata i roto i te huka, ka i he pāmahana o 24 degrees, taea e te mea i roto i te wai ki runga ki te iwa haora, kahore kino ki te hauora, engari te huka i taua pāmahana - ko te rarity. Ko te tikanga ko reira i rima ki te rima nekehanga. I roto i te āhuatanga i taua, ka taea e te tangata ora mo wha haora. Ki te te pāmahana ki runga ki te toru nekehanga, puta mate i roto i rima meneti.

ture o te mahi

1. I roto i te wa pouri o ra i runga i te huka e kore e taea te haere, me te aritanga rawakore i roto i te hukarere, kohu, ua.
2. e kore e taea te whiua waewae o te tio, te taki i te reira no te kaha. Ki te waewae i reira ko tetahi iti moka o te wai, kia rere koe tonu mo koutou takahanga rereangi muri, tufaki te kawenga i runga i te wāhi nui (whanui waewae pokohiwi motu).
3. Protoronnym whai i te ara.
4. Me riro He rōpū o te iwi i te awa, te haapa'oraa i te tawhiti o te iti rawa 5 mita.
5. Me whai koe i te aho kaha rua tekau-mita ki te koropiko turi, me te kawenga (kawenga e hiahiatia ana ki te maka i te taura i taka me koropiko a paheke ia te reira i raro i te peke).
6. e kore e tukua te mau metua tamariki i mahue tautahi i roto i te wai: e kore ika ranei i te ara maita.
7. Ko te mana o te waipiro ki te mau farii pai kore ki te whakatata, no te mea ki te iwi i roto i tenei ahua whakautu ki te mōrea o takarepa.

Kaihao i runga i te tuhipoka

1. He mea nui ki te mohio kei te hangaia te tinana o te wai mō te hī: wahi hohonu, me te pāpaku ki te pupuri i te haumaru i runga i tinana wai.
2. Ki te wehewehe i waenganui i nga tohu o te tio kikokore, kia mohio ai te hunga kino tinana o te wai, tangohia whakatūpatotanga.
3. Te whakatau i te ara ki te rohe.
4. Kia tupato i runga i te heketanga i runga i te tio: ko reira maha kore rawa piri hono ki te tuawhenua, i reira he kapiti, me te rangi i raro i te huka.
5. E kore e taea e koe te haere ki te pāti pouri o te tio e mahana i roto i te ra.
6. Kia mau te tawhiti i waenganui i te huka e kore pa iti iho i te rima mita.
7. Peketua ranei rutu pouaka ki te kai, me te pai ki te toia i runga i te taura i roto i te rua, e toru mita muri.
8. Hei taki i ia taahiraa i roto i te ika kia he huri tio, i te mea e tika ana ki te whatumanawa, kahore he tika te huka i roto i mua o ia, engari i te taha.
9. e kore e taea e te tahi atu ngā kaihī whakatata atu i te toru mita ofi ange.
10. Kei te riria te reira ki te whakatata te wāhi i reira i reira vmorzshie ki tio pükohu, ngā taitā ranei.
11. e kore e taea te mahi i te puna i te whakawhitinga (i runga i ara), ka riria ki te hanga i te maha o ngā rua a tawhio reira.
12. Hoki te ora he tika ki te whai i te taura ki te kawenga, he pou roa ranei papa whanui, te tahi mea koi (poti matau, he maripi, he matau) ki te taea ki te piri ki te huka.

e rua ka taea e tinana Water whakapaia a haafaufaa i te ora tangata, me te tango i te reira atu - me pupuri koe i tenei i roto i te ngakau.