Toka māhurehure Detrital: whakaahuatanga, momo, me te whakarōpū

whakaeminga Terrigenous He toka e kua hanga e rite ki te hua o te otaota pokarekarenga me te tohatoha - kohuke korakora aunoa whati i te mahi tonu o te hau, te wai, te huka, ngaru moana. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, te hua whāwehe o pae maunga mua-ngā, i tika ki te whakangaromanga oti ngā āhuatanga matū me te mīhini, a ka kotahi i roto i te poka wai ano, tahuri ki toka mārō. Terigennye toka pūkete hoki 20% o initareti e parataiao katoa i runga i te whenua, he momo ano hoki te wāhi o nei, me te tae ki runga ki te 10 km i roto i te hohonu o te kirinuku o te whenua. Ko te kupu rerekē ahu wāhi hōhonu ko te take i roto i te whakatau i to ratou hanganga.

Huarere, rite te taahiraa o hanga nga toka māhurehure

Ko te mahi tuatahi, me te nui i roto i te hanganga, ko te toka māhurehure whakangaromanga. Ko te kupu i reira ko te rauemi parataiao, hua i roto i te mata whati tahanga kau i runga i te toka magmatic o te take mai parataiao me te kāhuarau. E i raro maunga Tuatahi ki te mana pūkaha, pērā i hangai, kuru. I muri ko te tukanga matū (huringa), i roto i te hopearaa o e neke toka ki ētahi atu āhua.

Kua wehea te HUARERE o matū i runga i te hanganga me te korikori. Te huru rau whanariki, konumohe, me te rino - i roto i ngā rongoā me colloids, konupūmā, te konutai me te pāhare pāporo - i roto i rongoā, engari takawai he ātete ki te whakakāhoretanga, kia rite riro kiripaka otaota mihini pahemo me wai e rere.

He taahiraa o hanga waka i roto i te toka māhurehure

Ko te wāhanga tuarua i roto i nei te toka māhurehure i hanga toka parataiao, he ki whakawhiti i hanga e te ngau huarere o te rauemi turanga hau parataiao, te wai ranei kōpaka. Ko te taraka matua o matūriki he wai. Te ngongo pūngao kōmaru, evaporates te wai i te neke i roto i te huru, a taka i roto i te puka wai mārō ranei ki te whenua, hanga he awa e kawe matū i roto i āhua rerekē (rewa, colloidal mārō ranei).

Te maha me te taimaha o nga whatiwhatinga kawea tei runga i te pūngao, tere, me te rōrahi o te wai e rere ana. awa Na nohopuku kawea onepu, kirikiri, a ētahi wā pōhatu, mea whakatārewatia, i tahuri, whakawhitia ki matūriki paru. Kōpaka, awa maunga me te mudflow toka nuinga kawea, te rahi o taua matūriki tae 10 cm.

Sedimentogenesis - he taahiraa toru o

Sedimentogenesis - Ko te haaputuputuraa o kawea ngā parataiao, ai haere nga matūriki whakawhiti i te āhua turanga ki te pateko. I roto i tenei take i te matū me te pārōnaki pūkaha o te mea. Ka rite ki te hua, e wehea nga matūriki tuatahi, whakawhitia ki rongoā colloids ranei i te poka, i runga i monoraa i runga i te whakaiti i te taiao oxidative me huringa i roto i te salinity o te peihana rānei. Ka rite ki te hua, te wehenga pūkaha o otaota pārōnaki puta he mea pauna, a tae noa te rahi me te tikanga o to ratou tere transportation. E takoto matūriki Heoi whakawhiti kaupae mārama, kia rite ki te taiao o te raro katoa o te poka. Ko te kupu, hei tauira, toka, kua takoto pōhatu ki te mangai o nga awa maunga me mania i runga i te pēke tonu kirikiri, tai - onepu (rite te mea i te hautanga pai me te kaha ki te haere tawhiti nui, me te wāhi e noho nui atu pōhatu) toro whai i te parahua pai, maha Nā paru.

te wha o nga atamira o te hanganga - diagenesis

te wha o nga atamira ko te hanganga o ngā toka māhurehure taahiraa, i huaina diagenesis, e ko te faafariuraa o te rerenga putu i roto i te kohatu pakeke. Whakatakotoria i runga i te raro o te rauemi poka kawea mua, whakapakeketia noa tahuri ki kamaka ranei. Next, te waipara piki i roto i te ngā wāhanga tūturu e hanga i te kōrero matū me hihiri iu me te nonequilibrium, na nga wae kamata te tauhohe i ki ia atu. E putu hoki matūriki mongamonga silicon pūmau waikura i roto i te Koinei e haere ki te wherepāra, tīwharawhara organic me te uku pai e hanga he whakaiti, e i roto i te tahuri, ki te hohonu o te 2-3 cm, Ko te ahei ki te huri i mata reo oxidative.

Ko te atamira whakamutunga: ko te putanga o toka māhurehure

Hoki diagenesis kia katagenesis - he tukanga i roto i nei i reira te hanga e toka kāhuarau. Ka rite ki te hua, te whakamamaetia he kohatu parataiao te whakanui ake wāhanga whakawhitinga ki te pāmahana teitei me te pēhanga. pānga o te pāmahana te wāhanga taua me faaheporaa wā-roa whai wāhi ki te atu me toka hanganga whakamutunga e kia muri i te tatini ki tetahi piriona tau.

I tenei wā, te āhua pāmahana o 200 degrees kohuke tohatoha anō me te hanganga papatipu o matū kohuke hou. Na he toka māhurehure, tauira o nei he i roto i nga kokonga o te ao.

toka pākawa waro

Ko te toka māhurehure me pākawa waro toka hono? Ko ohie te whakahoki. Ko te hanganga o te pākawa waro maha ngā toka māhurehure (fragmental me paru) huānga. kohuke pākawa waro Basic o toka parataiao he dolomite me te konupūmā. kia rānei wehe tahi ranei ratou, a he rerekē tonu ratou ōwehenga. Te reira i katoa tei runga i te wa me te tikanga o te hanganga o parataiao pākawa waro. Ki te terrigene paparanga i roto i te kamaka he nui atu i te 50%, ehara i te mea he pākawa, ka pā ana ki taua toka māhurehure paramāmā, māpele, tetea ana ranei one, i.e. huānga māhurehure doped ki pākawa waro, te rahi o te mea ki runga ki te 5%.

Whakarōpū o toka māhurehure i te tohu o te roundness

toka papa i, e hāngai ana whakarōpū i runga i te maha o ngā huru, tautuhia e te roundness, te rahi me te whakapiripiringa o nga whatiwhatinga. timata tatou ki te tohu o te whakaawhiwhi. He he fakafalala tika i runga i te pakeke, rahi matūriki me te āhua o te waka i roto i te kamaka hanganga. Hei tauira, kawea te matūriki mo moana taratara, me te Nēpia ngā kahore taha koi. Momo, i ko te tuatahi he wewete, timahia tino. whakaritea ana tēnei momo o te kohatu e te hanganga sima, kia waiho ai hei paru, rikuri, glandular, pākawa waro.

Ngā momo o toka māhurehure otaota nui rawa

Hoki toka māhurehure e whakaritea e te rahi o te otaota. Runga anō i ratou ahu rahi e wehea ki wha ngā rōpū. Ko te rōpū tuatahi faaue whatiwhatinga, tona rahi he nui atu i te 1 mm. E huaina taua toka nui-fragmental. Ko te rōpū tuarua ngā whatiwhatinga, te rahi o te mea i roto i te whānui i te 1 mm ki 0.1 mm. Tenei toka one. Ko te toru o te rōpū ngā kongakonga kopikopiko i roto i te rahi i 0.1 ki te 0.01 mm. huaina tenei rōpū i toka silty. tautuhi ana te tuawha rōpū whakamutunga toka argillaceous, rerekē te rahi otaota matūriki i 0.01 ki te 0,001 mm.

Whakarōpū o hanganga toka māhurehure

Ko tētahi atu whakarōpū Ko te rerekētanga i roto i te hanganga o te paparanga toka māhurehure, e āwhina ki te whakatau i te āhua o te kamaka hanganga. kakano paparanga faaite te tua o ngā papa kē o kamaka. ngā ratou o te raro, me te runga. Tei runga i te momo o te hōhonu e taea te whakaritea e te taiao i roto i nei te kamaka i hanga e. Hoki tauira, tikanga takutai hanga hauroki hōhonu, te moana me te roto te hanga i te momo ki te moenga whakarara, rerenga wai - ripeka-moenga.

Ko te tikanga i raro i nei i te clastics i hanga, ka taea e whakatau ngā āhuatanga o te apa mata, i.e. i te aroaro o tohu pōkare, he maramara, kapiti te na'ina'iraa ranei, mo te tauira, ngā pūāhua o te moana. kōrero te hanganga kohatu maiengi e hanga e te para rite ki te hua o volcanogenic, terrigenous, biogenic supergene ranei pānga. Ka taea te whakaritea hanganga nui i ngā momo o te takenga.

Ahua o te toka hanganga

E wehea toka māhurehure ki polymictic ranei polymineral me monomictic ranei monomineral. Te mua, i roto i te tahuri, kua whakaritea e te hanganga o te maha kohuke, heoi kua huaina ratou whakauru. tetahi Tuarua whakatau te hanganga o te kohuke (kiripaka wherepāra momo ranei). Na roto i te momo polymictic ngā grauvaki (ngā ratou matūriki o pungarehu puia) me arkose (matūriki i hanga e te whakangaromanga o te ofa'i). toka Composition māhurehure tautuhi ngā wāhanga o ratou hanganga. E ai ki ia wāhanga, hanga i tona wahi i roto i te matū rahi. toka parataiao papa, ka kitea taea ki te korero ki, i te mea i te wa, i roto i te mea ara i reira he he mea neke i roto i te wāhi, me pehea e tohaina ratou i runga i te raro o te poka, e kua whai wāhi kaiao ora me i te mea atamira i roto i te hanganga, me te te tikanga i roto i nei i hanga nga toka māhurehure .