Tomino taku - he aha te mea te reira? Mining me te tukatuka tipu i roto i te rohe Chelyabinsk

Ko tētahi o nga kaupapa nui o Russia i te wā pou-Soviet ko Tomino toku. ka kawea mai te reira i te Urals Tonga me te ōhanga o te whenua katoa? I teie mahana tautohetohe takare ai me nga hiahia ngaru huri noa te whare ahumahi i waenganui i te kamupene-rangatira me activists.

tāpui

Tomino tāpui o tokahuke parahi-whero kei roto i te rohe Chelyabinsk. E ai ki te tohunga, ko reira i roto i te tihi nui putunga Russian me ko tetahi o roroa e rima tekau parahi ore o te ao. Ko te hanganga o te ore, i roto i te tua ki te parahi, me ngā atu konganuku utu nui - koura, me te hiriwa. He maha putunga o konganuku kore-ferrous i roto i nga Urals me tata katoa o ratou he nui-tauine, te raruraru matua takoto i roto i te meka e te nui o te whakarewa ia ton o ore i roto i te nuinga o te wā - he iti. Tomino i toku ihirangi mahi parahi i roto i te ore ko te raro i roto i Russia.

Ko te rāhui o te whakarewa utu nui, ko te āhua e pā ana ki 365 miriona taranata. i kitea tāpui parahi ore e ngā rōpū rapu i roto i te tau 1985. Aromatawai i te rahi me te rohe o te tohatoha i aromatawaitia i 1997 ki te 2005. Noa nei whakahaere ngā mahi maramarama e hāngai ana te whanaketanga ahumahi.

Ko te moni tāpui o parahi ore ngā o toru ngā momo o tokahuke - oxidized, tuatahi, me te tuarua pūngāwhā-taonga. Ka kawea te takanga o te mata kohuke, na ratou whanaketanga i roto i te tikanga poka.

harotoroto Power:

• tata te ore pitihāoratia te i 40-60 mita me te aroaro paru detrital paru-whenua ranei. Ko te hanganga o te ore ngā o hapaira me te malachite i roto i te puka o te whao kikokore me inclusions.
• Tuarua paparanga ore taonga kėia 12-15 mita.
• Kei te tū te putunga ore sulfide tuatahi i hohonu o runga ki te 55 mita, e tito i te reira o te pyrite me chalcopyrite.

tohu whakaritea

Ko te pūmanawa ahumahi o te moni tāpui Tomino, kia rite ki ngā tohunga, ko e pā ana ki 1.293.127 taranata o te parahi. Ko te hanganga matū o te ore e keri ngā konu, te ateneke, parahi, silicon, lithium, koura, konutea me te tahi atu huānga. Ka Haunga tāpui Tomino kia whakawhanakehia tūnga i te tawhiti o te 4.7 km i te mahi matua, e kei neke atu i te 230 taranata o te parahi Kalinowski wahi.

whakaritea Operation Tomino mara te hoki 18 nga tau o te whanaketanga kaha e hāngai ana i runga i te wā attenuation. Ka Kalinowski o whenua e whakawhanakehia hoki te 10 tau. I roto i te heke mai, he kaupapa ohu o te whakaurunga tukatuka e rua i roto i te wā i 2025 ki te 2031. I whakaritea Tomino mahi te ki te whakaputa i 75% o te ore, ka haere mai te toenga o nga rauemi i Kalinowski aku.

Tomino tipu

Na Tomino toku. He aha te mea tenei matatini, me te aha wahi ka waiho i te kamupene? Mining ko Tukatuka Plant Tomino mara - tetahi o te nui rawa whakaurunga ahumahi o te Russian Federation, ka e kia hanga i muri i te tiango Soviet. . Construction whakatinana "Russian Konukura Company". Ko tā te kaupapa te whakamahi o hangarau matatau i nga wāhanga o te tukanga whakaputa. whakarongo Nui ake utua ki ngā take taiao, kua waiho te tutukitanga waewae i roto i te rohe Chelyabinsk i waenganui i te kamupene me ngā whakahaere tūmatanui.

ngā Plant o toru ngā wāhi ahumahi matua:

• E rua oku tuwhera mo te tangohanga o te ore tāpui me te pae Tomino Kalinovsky. whakawhanake hohonu - ki runga ki te 540 mita, te rohe katoa - e pā ana ki 4 mano heketea.
• Production wāhi whakaputa parahi kareti me parahi arā, o te concentrator (kaha - 14 miriona tana) i te tailings me te pūnaha wai kati, tipu hydrometallurgical (kaha ia tau - e pā ana ki 1.7 miriona toni).
• matatini hanganga-ahumahi (engineering, parukore me te whare, me te pera i runga i. hangahanga).

Kei hea he toku Tomino

whakahaere Construction o te whare i roto i te takiwā o te pa o Chelyabinsk. 10 kiromita i GOKa tikanga awa Shershni, i te mea te puna matua o te wai mo te pa, me te mara. Muri ki toku reira e rave rahi kainga, ka etahi o nga noho kia nuku ki te wahi hou o te noho. Ko te wāhi katoa e hiahiatia ana mo te hanga, ki runga ki te 4 mano heketea.

Ka whakaurunga hanganga kia hanga ki te whakarite i te mahi tonu:

• ara Manga i te ara karo Chelyabinsk.
• kōrero Manga rerewē i kainga Pervomaysk (i te teihana "Strawberry").
• Hoki te supply o te hiko ka kia totoro rārangi mana me e hanga teihanaroto ki te kaha 142 MVA.
• pūnaha tīpako, me tuku horoi wai mō ngā take ahumahi, kāinga, inu (ki kia horoia puunaha whakamahia Novosineglazovo kainga, pa Korkino me te kohi i te wai pana i te āta "Korkinsky" Mines me waro oku).
• Tohatoha hau paipa i te fariuraa e o "Chelyabinskgazkom".
• rārangi waea me tuku kōrero muka mō kōrero.
• Warehouses, whakaurunga rokiroki me te faaineineraa o explosives me ētahi atu.

auaha kaupapa

Whakaurunga o auraa e hānga ana, me te inaianei te hangarau hou ko Tomino toku. Aha tenei fakahu'unga? Tuatahi o te katoa, ka kawea te whakataki o hangarau me ngā tikanga auaha i roto i:

• He tikanga motuhake o te faaineineraa o Ranu o ngā momo rerekē o te parahi ore.
• Mā te whakamahi i te whakatupuranga hou o te whanaketanga o tauhohenga mō te whakanui ake i te kukū o te parahi, me te molybdenum i roto i te hua oti.
• Tāuta me te mahi o te taputapu nui-mahi mo te tukatuka o te tauira o te kohuke hou tokahuke.
• E rua ngā rārangi o te tukanga parahi tango hydrometallurgical o nga tokahuke oxidized me māmā hoki e rite ki te hua ka taea ki te tukatuka ake ki te 28 miriona toni o rauemi raw ki te tukua tohu e pā ana ki 264 mano. Tana o parahi kareti.

whakaritea te wāhanga tuatahi o te matatini e ki kia whakaritea i roto i te ngahuru o 2017, engari, kia rite ki raraunga tata, kia roa ai te tīmatanga mō te tau. whakaritea te wāhanga tuarua e hoki otinga i roto i te 2019. Te haumi katoa i roto i te kaupapa, ko te 60 piriona moni.

Tuhinga mo te rohe

Mining ko Tukatuka Plant "Tomino" Ko tetahi o nga kaupapa haumi nui o te whenua, me te e whakaurua i roto i te mahere rautaki mo te whanaketanga o te metallurgy kore-ferrous, te uhi i te wā ki runga ki te 2030. He o faufaa nui hoki te kaupapa Southern Urals, no te mea reiti nga kupu whakaari teitei o te whanaketanga hanganga, hanga mahi me te hanganga o te hunga hou.

I muri i tīmata aravihi katoa Tomino toku i roto i te rohe Chelyabinsk ka whakakiia te taonga o takoha moni ki pā ana ki 120 piriona moni mo te wā katoa o tona mahi. I roto i te meka, whai te kamupene e te hanga o 1,200 mahi mo taupori o te rohe. Ka mahi hiahia kia hoatu ki noho o ngā wāhi tata Korkino me Sosnowski. tata whakaturia utu toharite i 40 mano moni, e nui te taumata toharite o te utu i roto i te rohe.

He tokomaha hoki ahumahi me te ōhanga rite te katoa e taea te waiho he whakakōkī mo taku Tomino. Ko te hanga o te ahanoa nui taua hipoki ki te whakahau, he maha hinonga -. Kamupene Construction, ngongo, me te taputapu mīhini tipu, te kamupene whai wāhi i roto i te hanga o ngā whakaurunga hanganga, me ētahi atu Tohunga tata e rapua e tetahi wāhi mahi tohunga GOK te hanganga o e whitu mahi i roto i te rāngai mahi o te kamupene.

Ka rite ki pokapū hou katoa o metallurgy nonferrous, utu Tomino Plant aro nui ki te tiaki i te taiao, tiaki o ngā rauemi māori, me te tiaki hoki i te ao pāpori a tawhio noa ngā wāhi noho. Ki te rā, te haumi, me te hanga o te maha whakaurunga pāpori i roto i Sosnovsky me District Korkinsky. Ko te mahere wā roa-mo te hangaia anō o whakaurunga kaukau, tautoko hōhipera, kura, karapu hākinakina me ngā rōpū. I roto i te ao pāpori kua pau kē te maha miriona moni.

kaupapa tūmatanui

I roto i te Urals, i reira e kua pokapū o konganuku kore-ferrous e kua arahina ki te kororia kino. Ko tētahi o ratou - te tipu kiki "Karabashmed", huri noa nei tata kahore mea ora, me te rohe tau o te taupori e kore ake atu i te 48 tau. Activists ātete i te hanga o GOK, hanga he pororaru "StopGOK", i roto i nei te mahere ko te whakakāhoretanga o te whare.

Ko te tohenga matua ki te hanga o GOK hoatu mua i te feia faatere o te o te kaupapa e whai ake nei:

• Pollution Shershnevskoye awa, me te ara te withdrawal taea o te wai i reira kia rite ki te hua o te faahohonuraa mahi.
• Hoariri tautohe e te harotoroto tailings, i te mea he awa nui o te wai production ururua paitini, ka whakapokea te taniwha te manawa whenua, e ka arahi ki te kino taiao i roto i te rohe.
• He e meinga nga pira whakapau rangi Koinei paitini wehi, manawa riro tata tetahi mea. I roto i te whawhai mo te rangi ma i roto i Chelyabinsk pakanga i huaina "manawa" i tū, i reira oaoa kaiuru kopare.

Ko reira taa'eraa i hanga te tapahanga o te mautohe ake o te iwi e kore e nei whai tetahi pā ana ki te taiao, me te kore e whai matauranga i roto i tenei rohe. Etahi o ratou ora ki waho o Russia, a he māngai o te mana i te tahi atu whenua. Ētahi noho o Chelyabinsk whakapono e te āhuatanga a tawhio noa te tipu āwenewene te tahu, me te hanganga, me wehi o noho whakamahia rite te maramara bargaining i roto i ngā kēmu tōrangapū.

mahi kāwanatanga

Hei faaore āwangawanga tūmatanui, kua kōkiri Kawana Boris Dubrovsky he arotake me te tuhinga tātari HKGO motuhake i roto i ngā o te haumaru te taiao. hoatu tohunga aromatawai te Ekaterinburg Mining-Geological University, i tohu e, tango ki pūkete e rave rahi o te tūtohutanga, ka tipu i roto i te whānui e kore e tū tetahi ati.

Te mutunga hua, e kore e tohunga makona ki te activists, ka i whakaritea e te reira ki te tono ki te Center Industrial o te ahumahi keri - St Petersburg State University o Mining. O te akoranga, he maha hinonga o te rohe Chelyabinsk, hanga i waenganui i te poipoi tuatahi, me te tuarua o te ahumahi i roto i te Soviet Union, kihai i tu ake ki te tirohanga. I roto i te hanga o ngā whakaurunga ahumahi i runga i rauropi kahore tetahi whakaaro, he rerekē ki mira hou, me ngā pokapū te āhuatanga.

whakapumautia Petersburg pūtaiao nga kitenga o ratou hoa i te University o Ekaterinburg. Activists kore ano e whakarongo ki te whakaaro o tohunga. whakaae tohunga a mea e kore ko te kaupapa "Tomino GOK" e e arahi te hanga ki te whakapai ake o te āhuatanga ōhanga, kahore kino ki te taiao te ati nui.

Wehi o te iwi taka i raro i te mana o GOK, he mārama, engari he mea e tika ana ki te whakaoti i te raruraru. I tetahi taha o te ahumahi tauine ko te whakamahi i te hangarau matatau katoa taiao, whakapai ake o ngā paerewa ora, te taea o te whanaketanga mo te whenua katoa. I te tahi atu - te hauora o whakatupuranga heke mai, koraha. He urupare noa ki te pātai ano kahore tetahi, e taea anake tumanako mo te huarahi noa ki te take i taha katoa o te pakanga.