Transport - he aha te mea te reira? Types me waka whakaaro

Movement o te iwi me te taonga - te hiahia tino mo te hapori. Hei whakatinana ratou, i reira he taputapu motuhake - waka. He aha te mea rite ia ko mohio noa he tamaiti. Otiia, ko te pūnaha matatini e titau māramatanga tino tenei.

ariā

Mai i te tirohanga o te huarahi whānui, ka karanga taea te kite i te ariā e whai ake:

1. Ko te hiato o ara ngā katoa o neke.
2. Rängai o te ōhanga me te production.
3. tuitui Pūnaha o aratau katoa o waka me te hanganga e pā ana.

I roto i te tikanga whānui o te waka ko reira:

• te hono i waenganui i nga pa, whenua me fenua;
• te wāhanga matua o tetahi hanga;
• tikanga te kaupapa o te iwi, me te whakarato ratou ki taonga faufaa.

Ka rite ki te hanga ahumahi, ko reira:

• o te ahanoa o mahi - te waka tūturu;
• te tikanga o te mahi - awhiowhio kararehe;
• mahi haere tonu - whakahaere.

mahi

Ka mau ia ki pūkete te hiahia tino mo reira, ka tomo Transportation ki ao katoa o te ora. Tei roto te reira i te momo o ngā mahi:

1. Economic. E ohipa te reira te tikanga o te mahi i roto i te hanga me te tiaki o nga kohuke kāwanatanga: hinu, hau, waro, tokahuke me konganuku utu nui. Na te reira e taea, me te wātea production motuhake me ratou mahi. Ko te reira i te hononga matua i roto i te hokohoko kāinga me te ao o tetahi whenua.
2. Social. faaite te reira ano i roto i te whakarato i ngā whai wāhitanga ki te ora, mahi, me te tākaro i roto i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te kainga, te whenua, te fenua, te ao me te whakangāwaritanga o te tangata e mahi ana.
3. tikanga ahurea ko te kaha ki te whakawhiti ngā wheako me ngā uara, toro tetahi o nga wahi tikanga taonga, tua o mahi hou o te toi.
4. Ko te tūranga tōrangapū ko ki te whakatū i te whanaunga ao, me te hokohoko.
5. Military - ki te whakarite i te ope te taea o nekehanga hau e patu, tiaki hauora me te kai tōtika.

Ko te kupu, ahakoa o te momo me ngā āhuatanga, he waka he wāhi o te kāwanatanga me te hapori.

whakarōpū

Ka taea te wehea tikanga ngā katoa o te transportation ki e rua ngā rōpū matua: te reo o nga mahi matua, te wāhi mahi.

Tei runga i te taiao, i reira ko nga rōpū me ngā momo e whai ake nei:

1. Whenua: tereina, wira.
2. Underground (arā raro).
3. Air (rangi).
4. Space.
5. Water me raro.
6. Paipa.

Na roto i te āhua o te rāngai mahi, he nunui:

1. tūmatanui Transport.
2. moni Special-whakaaro.
3. whakamahi Real whaiaro.

E whakaatu ana ngā waka tūmatanui te huinga o okeoke kararehe mo te kaupapa o taonga me ngā pāhihi, e hāngai ana ki te whakatinana i motuhake ki o ratou mahi ōhanga, pāpori, ahurea, me ētahi wā tōrangapū.

Ko te momo tino nui o ngā kōwhiringa transportation tūmatanui ngā tereina, ara, te wai, te hau, me te waka paipa. He aha te mea ia o te rōpū tohu reira, ka titiro matou i muri.

Hoiho-unu, me te hoiho waka

Ka taea te whakaaro kawekawe tranport te tauira o te whenua waka katoa. Mai i tawhito ki te tīmatanga te rau tau XX, mahi reira nga mahi katoa e rite ana ki te rāngai waka o nāianei. I te wa ano i mahi rite te hiringa mo ake hangarau whakatu me te hua he huarahi ki te neke utanga me ngā pāhihi.

I runga anō i ngā āhuatanga rohe, whakahaeretia e te hoiho, kaihe, kau, arewhana, hata, kuri, nga kamera. Animals whakamahia mo nga hariata topuni mo kawe taraka, kaata, hariata ranei.

waka hoiho whakamahia hoki atu-ara (maunga, koraha, taiga) - kararehe ki mōkihi i runga i o ratou tuara i hoki leashes.

Ki te whanaketanga o te tereina me te ara, ia āta puta mai i roto o te mahi tūmatanui mā te haere ki te whakamahi tūmataiti onge.

waka te wai

Water waka moana - kua hoki pakiaka tawhito, kōrero hoki ki te mano tau BC III-II .. e., a ko reira anake te huarahi ki te whakatinana i te hokohoko te ao, me te whenua raupatu tāwāhi.

I teie mahana, Kei te wehea ai i runga i te moana, me te awa. Ko tōna painga ngā:

• iti iho pūngao utu atu i roto i te tereina me te ara;
• kahore he take mo te hanga o te tikanga o te kōrero;
• te taea o te waka kore-akiaki pikaunga mōmona runga i tawhiti, me te, kei hea he hanga uaua ranei utu rawa o piriti.

huakore:

1. Runga anō i ngā āhuatanga huarere.
2. Tere Iti.
3. Ko te utu nui o te hanga o tauranga me kahui.
4. E whāiti awa ripeka-awa nga taea.

He āhuatanga nui whāwhā ngā mahi ko te hiahia hoki te whai wāhi o te maha aratau o waka i roto i te kotahi whakaurunga tauranga, ara, ara, me te tereina.

waka Rail

He he utanga me pāhihi waka, e hāngai ana nei i runga i te kaupapa o te okeoke kararehe i runga i te huarahi i āta rite rawa - huapae. Ko tōna painga:

1. Ma'á, ahakoa o ngā āhuatanga huarere, me tika.
2. utanga High me kaha pāhihi e taea ki te ite i te kaupapa o rerenga nui i roto i wā wa iti.
3. Ko te taea o deliveries tika i te kaiwhakanao, me te ara te uru tika.
4. tere pai.
5. haerenga pāhihi Whakamarietia.

kahore he faufaa, utanga kaitā, tae atu rakau, te witi, waro, rauemi hanga, hua o ahumahi hinu para Ki te whakaaro tatou ki nga momo o waka utanga, Kei te whakawhanake te rerewhenua tūranga ārahi i roto i te transportation. Ki te tika, te tono containerization.

huakore:

1. kaha Capital me matatini o te hanganga engineering o ara, me te okeoke kararehe.
2. Ko te iti aronga Railways nekeneke me kaupapa tukutahi o te maha formulations.
3. Tata titau tonu te whai wāhi o mua o muri ranei o waka e whakaaturia i runga i te utu whānui.
4. Ko nga uauatanga o te utanga, me te unloading.
5. Kei te maha transportation International raruraru e te rerekētanga i roto i te ara whanui.

Utanga tauwaenga rerekē haere 40-50% i roto i Russia me 15-20% - i roto i te mākete ao. Hāngai pāhihi i roto i Russia he 30%, me te 10 - katoa i roto i te ao nei. Ko te kupu, ko reira pai, me te pono transportation.

He aha te mea he locomotive mamaoa - mohiotia e to tatou tupuna. I teie mahana, tona heke mai - mo te Electrification o ngā rārangi rerewhenua. Ao hou, o Railways me okeoke take me ki te whakataki whānui o te hangarau nui-tere - outlook pūmau ki te whakapiki ake i te moni o te ahumahi.

motokā

waka tūmatanui Ko te ahumahi automotive - te pūkoro tino, tech me whakahaeretia. I te wa ano ko reira waka whaiaro, motuhake, me te tari, me ratou hanganga. Ko te wahi o Russian huarahi utanga waka ko 4-6 anake% o te ao - 8-10%. waka pāhihi i roto i Russia noho 30-40% o haere tonu katoa, te mea i roto i te ao - 70-75%.

painga:

1. Nekeneke, taea o deliveries tika, i waho te whakamahi o te kaupapa momo takawaenga.
2. Ko te painga i roto i te transportation o faufaa, pakarukaru me pirau taonga, tae atu ki ngā pukapuka iti.
3. Ko te tikanga o te tuku o te kai, tae atu i roto i ngā rohe mamao.
4. He momo o waka i runga i te momo kaha, me te tinana e mau ana.
5. tere pai, utu iti me te noho pai o te kaupapa pāhihi.
6. Whakatākupe o ara.

huakore:

1. Energy kaha, te pā tōraro i runga i te taiao.
2. utu production High.
3. He kaha iti, i roto i te rite ki te hunga o te tahi atu momo.
4. Ko te tohu iti o te whakamarie pāhihi.
5. He tohu nui o te kākahu o te rakau okeoke.
6. Ti'aturiraa i runga i tautukunga ki te haumaru waka. Aroaro o mōrea e pā ana downtime me parekura whakapaipai atu.

Pāhihi waka tata hawhe kanohi e pereoo. tonu ia te rangatira i roto i te nekehanga kōwhiringa i roto i te takiwa, me te whenua. No te ao, a rawa fakavaha'akonitinēnití rail whakamahia, te wai rangi ranei.

rangi

Manureva me topatopa - te paetae teitei o te tangata, e rua mooni a whakarite, tino whakamāmā otinga mahi tino matatini, e ngā: haere i runga i tawhiti roa i te tere tiketike, te tuku o ngā rongoā me te āwhina fakaetangatá i roto i ngā wāhanga o fakatamaki fakanatulá, me ngā aituā, te whakatinanatanga o ngā mahi matatini i roto i te hanga, ahi-whawhai, hōneatanga, ahuwhenua, me te pera i runga i.

painga:

1. tere High.
2. He taumata tika o te whakamarie mo pāhihi.
3. Ko te taea o kawe taonga tino, me te pirau.
4. Aita e titauhia ia te hanga o kōrero.

huakore:

1. haumarutanga iti.
2. Ko te hiahia mo te tohu teitei rawa o kaiurungi me pūmana.
3. Meteozavisimost.
4. Capital tino me te hanga utu.
5. Ko te whāititanga o te transportation.

I tua atu ki te tūponotanga nui me ngā utu teitei, he mea e pā ana ki te 20% o ao hokohoko pāhihi.

paipa

Ko te huinga o ngā huarahi tubular mō te kaupapa o wai, me hau "taonga" ko i te waka tawhiti paipa nui. Ki reira, whakarato supply fakavaha'akonitinēnití ā-rohe, me te ao o te hinu, me te hau. kawea te mahi i roto i te tikanga o te rerekētanga pēhanga i roto i te pūnaha, me ona ture, aua, fakafofonga'i kaimahi waka e kaiwhakahaere me kaiwhakahaere tūemi.

Ko te painga ngā manufacturability, mahi me te wātea i ngā wā katoa. Ko te huakore - titauraa teitei i runga i te haumaru, me te hanganga ture, te mana tonu o te arotahi kuiti o te pūnaha.

He tino tika ana ki te whakarite i te ora whakamarie o te taupori, no te mea o tei tona mahi i runga i te taea o ngāwari tunu kai, me te taumata o te wera i roto i te mau utuafare i roto i te wa makariri.

Ko te pūnaha tino nui o tetahi hapori he waka. He aha te mea te āhua i waho te rohe me te taupori, kahore ahumahi, ahurea tuku iho me te whai wāhitanga haere? Ko ia te bloodstream o tetahi whenua me te ao rite te katoa. Te reira i te kino taiao, engari ano hoki i te mea e taea te whakaoranga o te taata nei.