Tuhinga Kaupapa - ko ... tuhinga Project

Hoko whenua roa-tatali ki te whakaaro, ki te hanga i to ratou ake whare, me kia kotahi maheni ki nga tikanga me whakaritenga e faatere i taua mahi. Hoki te mea e tika ana ki te mahino te nuinga o ngā tukanga me ngā mahi mua tahi te hanga ranei. Me matau te rangatira rawa ki ta ratou e mea kaihoahoa me kaihanga ki te hanga i te mau faaotiraa tika, te tirotiro i ō rātou mahi, me te whiwhi i te hua o tou whare moe.

Whakamahere me te hoahoa

He fehangahangai ki te hiahia ki te hoahoa whare takitahi, ite maha iwi e i roto i tenei take e kore e taea ki te mahi i waho o te ngaio e mohio pehea te whanaketanga me te mahi o te tuhinga kaupapa, tona whakaae, te ako me te whakaaetanga.

ki te kia hanga Ahakoa te whare kotahi-kōrero tino ohie i roto i te hanganga ture ki te ture i tangohia i te taumata-ture. I tua atu ki te ora hou tangohia maha whakaritenga mo te whakamarie, haratau, kāhua me te mana. tuhinga Taipitopito me ngā tuhinga kaupapa, whakawhanakehia i te taumata ngaio, tukua ki a koe te hanga i te whare ataahua, me te mahi, rite rawa ki te pūnaha whakawera-kounga tiketike, supply wai me te nui rawaka o te hiko.

Ko runga ake katoa, mahi tahi ki te tohunga i ngā wāhanga katoa o te hanganga hanga ngā haumaru, me te roa.

He aha kia mohio koutou e pā ana ki te kaupapa "pai"

tuhinga Kaupapa - e kore te mea he mahere tika o te āhua te whare. Tenei huinga o ngā whakaritenga mō te waihanga noho ki hiahia (kuputuhi me whakairoiro) o te rangatira. Whanaketanga o te hoahoa titau tuhinga he mātanga e whai wāhi i roto i reira, te rota o te ariā me te wheako mahi. Kore ki te ū ki te ōwehenga o te whare, hapa ranei awerenga e pā ana ki te wāhi o te pūnaha waea hiko, paipa hau supply wai ranei, ka taea e tahuri ki te whare o te heke mai fiemālie ranei ara kino ki te hoahoa ora tangata.

Na reira, kaihoahoa me kaihanga ki taua korokë he kiritaki matakite nei e rapu i te kāinga tino. O te akoranga, hoki ratou he mea nui ki te tiro i te rangatira e pā ana ki te pehea kia tū te ruma, tatau, matapihi, me tatau, ko te roha o te nesilií, kia anga ke ki te ture te whakawhitinga o nga taiepa ranei he matapihi atu. mohio pai e pā ana ki te taea, me te whaihuanga o ngā pūnaha engineering hou, e pā ana ki He kaihoahoa aha te kawenga whakaaetia i runga i te tuanui, rite kia kia tohaina reira ki te pēhanga ki runga i te turanga, me te tahi atu motuhake e taua.

He aha te mea he hoahoa ritenga

Whanaketanga o te kaupapa whakaaro tuhinga mo te hanga o kore paerewa-kore paerewa-ranei whare noho te tetahi o nga ara pai o te hanganga o te whare whakamarie. Kaua e whakaaro e te hoahoa takitahi - ko reira mahi utu rawa. Nuinga o ngā wā, ko reira te whakawhetai ki tenei huarahi, ki nga rangatira i te whai wāhi ki te whakaora i runga i whaipainga me ngā rauemi hanga whakapaipai, me te i runga i te mahi o maha ngā momo o te mahi.

Tuhia tahi me te tuhinga kaupapa takitahi kaihoahoa - ko te kaha ki te tohuwāhi etahi rauemi (ngāwari me te tuku ranei tāuta), miscalculation o interchangeability me te whakamahi kouma. Heoi, ki te whakawhanake i takitahi whakarereke o te kaupapa ranei te tangata, rere ia te mōrea o te hape. Hei tauira, ki te tika tīpako i te rauemi kia puta he āhuatanga pērā i "piriti makariri", meinga utu whakahaere nui ake mō te whakawera i te whare oti.

wāhanga hoahoa whare noho

Ko te tuatahi rangatira o te wahi whenua, ko te ki te mahi i te whakamātautau o tona whakaaro. kia tuhi te taea o te whare kaunihera rohe taiwhenua ranei.

He i runga i te ringa i te tuhinga, me te te tiwhikete kāwanatanga (haamauraa o te matau ki te hoko o te whenua), he mea e tika ana ki te hanga "i roto i te natura" o tona rahi me te rohe. ka anake e taea taea te whakawhanakehia te tuhinga kaupapa. Ko reira he raupapa o te maha kaupae. Ko te tuatahi o ratou riro te huahua, e kia roto i toru wāhanga matua:

1. Boarding whare i runga i te pae. meatia tenei e kia e taea e koe te hanga i te whakaaro e pā ana ki te āhuatanga tino nui: te wāhi o te ngā faariro i me tirohanga Panoramic, te oraraa, me te āhua o te whare i runga i nga whenua pātata aronga o te anö momo hau, wātea, me te kounga o rori uru, kaha hoki te tautoko i ngā whakaurunga i roto i te heke mai (nga karati, waka, pati, puna).
2. Image o te tahora roto o te whare. Tenei e kiia te tokomaha o te iwi e ka ora i roto i te whare, ratou tau, me te ara o te ora. I runga i enei raraunga, te kaihoahoa mahere te maha e hiahiatia o patunga me te rahi o te wāhi mahi matua (ruma ruma ora, kīhini, rūma, bathrooms, tauiraa). I tua atu, tohu reira nga balconies, Miro me haurangi, ki te e ratou. Tenei tikanga ngā whakaritenga mō te tuhinga kaupapa.
3. Momo hoahoa o te paruru whare (rauemi ki te whakamahi mō te mutu waho, kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki te momo o te tuanui).

He aha e hiahia ana koe ki te tiki stroypasporta

I muri i te tauira tuatahi he rite, whakahaeretia hoki te mātakitaki me te mahi hoahoa te hanga, e tango te rangatira pae nga drawings e whai ake nei:

• mahere Whare, e ngā ia witi, ngā āhuatanga, me te rohe o ruma, te whakanohonga āwhiwhiwhi o taonga, me te te rohe katoa o te whare.
• Mua o te whare ki te momo o tirohanga me ngā tirohanga tirohanga, i meinga nei hei te momo o ngā rauemi, tae me te maha o matapihi.
• Ko te wāhanga matua o te whare. tohu te reira i te tiketike o te tuanui, te āhua o te wāhi o te tuanui, arawhata piki.
• Ko te kaupapa o te mahere ariki.

E mea pinepine tuhinga hoahoa taua - he rawaka ngā mōhiohio ki te puta stroypasporta. Kei te hoko tāpaetanga o tenei mōkihi i roto i ngä pütahi āhua kotahi o te wāhanga tino nui, me te uaua te nuinga o te hanganga kāinga. Rurukutanga o te tuhinga kaupapa, me te whiwhi i te tuhinga e hāngai ana, ko te pūtake mo te hoahoa taipitopito.

Kei waiho te faufaa o teie momo o te mahi, ka rite ki te kōrero taipitopito me te whakamahere kouma taea te waihanga tino hāneanea, te kāinga pūngao tōtika.

He aha te mea e mahi ana ngā tuhinga, me te tuhinga hoahoa

rite Mahi tuhinga (tuhinga, drawings, whakatakotoranga) e hāngai ana i runga i whakatau i te kaupapa. № Resolution 87 "Composition o tuhinga kaupapa" e kore e rāhuitia e te whanaketanga whakarara o e rua momo o ngā tuhinga.

Whiwhi mätanga hoahoa ngā nuinga o e whakatutuki nga take e whai ake nei:

• Te kōwhiri i ngā rauemi hanga mo nga hanganga katoa e he wahi o te whare (te whanau me taiepa waho, pātaki, tuanui intercommunication, tuanui, turanga). Tei ratou kōwhiringa i runga i te āhua o whakamarie, me te pai ka hei kaipuke, rokiroki me te tāuta o ngā ranunga o te rakau, pereki, me te tahi atu tūemi.
• Tātaihia te kawenga i runga i te turanga: te taimaha o te hukarere i runga i te tuanui, taiepa, papa, taonga me te taputapu (tau āwhiwhiwhi) mōrahi. Ko te tātai o te tawhā o te turanga, me te tahi atu hanganga nui: taiepa kawenga-whanau, ona puku mo tatau me matapihi, whakaū whitiki hoki tāutanga raro tuanui, aramuka.
• Hoahoa pūnaha mō te kokoru wai me te putanga (te hunga wahi e ka waiho i roto i te whare), tohu te momo o te hononga ki te tank ero me te whakawera pai tatau me ventilation, me te whai wāhi i roto i te hiko (tohu mana rama, turanga, whakakā me o ratou wāhi).
• Whakaititia hiahia me tata whakaratohia e Engineers me kaihoahoa i roto i te au maite hoahoa hoahoanga.

I roto i te meka, te tuhinga hoahoa (GOST 21) rerekē i te tauira mahi iti kōrero hangarau me motuhake e.

Ko te uara o te tiaki mo te hanga heke mai, me te mahi o te whare

Tika a mātau titoa e taea tino he kaupapa mahi whakaiti i te utu o te mana o te ahanoa ki te hoko o ngā rauemi, me te utu o te mahi i runga i te hanganga. I tua atu, i te maha heke o toenga kore whakaemi i Hokona "ki te rakau" papa, tāpa, pereki, me te tahi atu tūemi.

Ano, ka āwhina i tenei tuhinga ki te karo i ngā utu faufaa mō te hiko, me te tahi atu rauemi i roto i te heke mai. O te akoranga, ki te tino whakatutuki sino penapena, e hiahia ana koe ki te whai i nga ture o ngā rauemi tāutanga, me te tāuta.

Ko te hanganga o te tuhinga kaupapa

I roto i te whānui, e whakarārangitia nga wāhanga mahi o te kaupapa i roto i te tuhinga: ture tau 87. Tu'utu'uni (hanganga o te tuhinga kaupapa) whakarato mō ngā wāhanga neke atu i te kotahi tekau. Ko ētahi o ēnei:

1. tuhipoka Kōrero.
2. Scheme, rite ka hanga ake whenua.
3. rongoā hoahoanga.
4. hoahoa Pūnaha me whakatau wāhi-whakamahere.
5. Whakawera, ventilation, supply wai me te supply hiko, ventilation, me ētahi atu.
6. Mahere o pehea ki te kia whakaritea hanga.
7. Events mo te turakitanga ranei tuuraki o te ahanoa (i roto i te take o te whakahoutanga hangaia anō ranei).
8. Ko te rārangi o ngā mahi ki te kia tangohia ki te tiaki i te taiao.
9. Rārangi o mehua haumaru ahi.
10. Ko te take o te nekeneke iti nekeneke (hauā, penihana).
11. Whakatau tata hoki te hanga o ia ahanoa me ētahi atu tuhinga.

Whakatau i runga i te tuhinga kaupapa kaimahi rite he aratohu mō tohunga ki te tātari me te tirohia te pepa e whakaratohia ana ki a ratou. Tenei hui he pono, he aha tahuri ki mātanga tūmatanui tūmataiti ranei. Na roto i te a nui, whai wāhi e ratou i roto i ngā kaupapa houhanga rongo whakawhanakehia ki nga tikanga me ture hangarau.

whakaaro rite tika whakamātautau tūmataiti me te tūmatanui o te tuhinga kaupapa. Kaupapa whakaaetia e te mātanga kia tangohia mātakitaki.

Me pēhea te ki te tīmata me te pehea te ruruku o ngā tuhinga kaupapa

Ko te mahi tahi i waenganui i te rangatira pae me te kaihanga (kaikirimana) riro te mutunga o te kirimana rārangi nga tika katoa me herenga o nga rōpū.

tuhinga kirimana ngā rua nga wahi: ko te ture me te hangarau.

Ko te tuatahi ko te kuputuhi tika, me te poto whakaahua ana te mauri o te hononga i waenganui i te rōpū. Kei roto te reira i:

• Chapeau.
• Āhuatanga o te kirimana kaupapa.
• ngā wāhanga i whakamāheretia o hanga.
• Kia mahara te utu o ngā ratonga me mahi.
• Ko te wā motuhake o te mahi hanganga, me te hanga.
• Ko te rārangi o ngā tika, me herenga o ngā rōpū ki te kawenata, kia rite ki te pai hei tohu o ratou kawenga.
• Ko te tikanga i raro i ai e kia hanga utu.
• Rārangi o e rahurahu.

I tua atu ki te kuputuhi o me ngā te hoahoa me te tuhinga tata te kirimana, te kore e kiia ai ia muhu. whakaahua ana wāhanga Hangarau aha e tono ahua o waehere hanga i roto i te hanganga o kāinga, me te te momo me te rōrahi o te mahi ratou.

A, no te mea kua tae mai te kiritaki me te kaikirimana ki te tauraro noa, ka hangaia te kaupapa kei te, kua hoatu taua mea ki te tohunga, me tohunga ki ako.

Ko te tukanga mō te tuhi i hanga

Ko te mahi tuatahi me te tino nui i roto i harmonizing te supply riro whakawhanakehia kaupapa (atu ïa ona wahi o te hoahoanga me te whakamahere,) ki te mana whakamahere tāone rohe. Ki te ki te tino kaihoahoa haina i te tuhinga, me te whakaaetia te ahua o te whare i mua nei, e taea e tatou e amo e whakaae tenei wahi o te kaupapa.

Na ka mahi nga mana e tika ana i ia wāhanga o muri o te tuhinga hoahoa:

• Te whakatakoto whatunga waho.
• kōtaha Taiao (ka whakamahere i te hanga o te whare ahumahi).
• Wāhanga o te tuhinga hoahoa i runga i Road Traffic (i roto i te take, ina tae mai te reira ki te wāhi waka ara).

A, no te e whiwhi i te wā o te whakaaetanga, me tukua e katoa ki te kia oti, ka tonoa te kaupapa kei te ki te itoito e tika. Na ka karanga State tohungatanga o ngā tuhinga kaupapa. He te kawea i roto i manatokonga o hanganga ture ki ture katoa me ngā whakaritenga: tiaki ahi, te taiao, parukore, me te hunga ano hoki e pā ana ki te haumaru mahi, me te pai pūngao. I tangohia te whakatau i ngā māngai o te maha wā:

1. Matatau Kaunihera i raro i te Kawanatanga.
2. Glavekspertizy.
3. Tāhuhu o te Russian Federation mō Te Rākau Whakamarumaru me Ohorere.
4. Tāhuhu o Rauemi Natural.
5. Tāhuhu o te Hauora me te Social Whanaketanga.
6. Tāhuhu o Ahumahi me Energy.
7. mana Federal.

I roto i te take i reira pütea te utu hanga e te tikanga o te whakamātautau hoki ngā tata arowhai tupato, te uara turanga. A, no te tona kerēme, puta tenei ahua i roto i te tendering me kirimana whakaaetanga unu ake.

Ki te no nga tikanga o te hanga ki te tangata tūmataiti, kia haere atu te kiritaki i te whakamātautau o te tata.

Ko te pau o nga whiriwhiringa

I roto i te tukanga o te ruruku o te kaupapa te kiritaki kaikirimana ranei e pā ana ki te tohunga mo te mutunga pai, e pai whakau i te Ture me te haumaru o te whare i mua nei. E mea pinepine i reira ko te kore o te māramatanga o te whakaaro rerekē i runga i te ture i roto i te mana i waenganui i kaihoahoa me ngaio. I roto i tenei take, ko te mea e tika ana ki te kukume ngā o ngā tuhinga ture ki te whakamārama.

Ko te tikanga tenei, kia rite ki nei i reira ko te tukua e te whare. Ko te ara ki te haere i roto i te rangatira o te taonga ki te kawe i roto i tona anō, fakafoki mai hanga ranei tenei.

I roto i nga rangatira o nga whare i reira ko te whakaaro e mau legitimize te mahi whakamana (hanga whakahounga ranei) tata māmā atu ki te tiki whakaaetanga i roto i te ara mua. I roto i te mahi, arata'i tenei ki roa i roto i ngā tukanga, ture, whaina ranei, i roto i te wā tino, turakitanga o whare ture.

I teie mahana, i reira e maha kamupene motuhake e mahi rite takawaenga i waenganui i kiritaki (rangatira o te whenua, me ngā whare), me mana tūmatanui. Ka rite ki te tikanga, hanga ki he taua tohunga e taea tino whakaiti i te wa mo te kohinga me te tāpaetanga o ngā tuhinga, me te faarahi i te tūponotanga o ratou whiriwhiringa angitu. Ko e tika ana ki te meka i ngaio e ki runga ki te rā ki te rongo o nāianei tonu tenei, e mohio ana e ture whakakorea whakatikaina ranei, rite he reira taea ki te tiki i a tawhio noa tenei ranei e ture.