Tukanga whiowhio: tāutanga, tohutohu, me ngā ture o te mahi

He nui o nga taonga matua o te hanganga i roto i te para hinu, metallurgy, homai te ahumahi kai te tukanga whakaritenga pipelines. tākaro rātou i te wāhi tino hira i roto i te mahi o ngā pūnaha rautaki. Ano, kei te whakamahia pipelines hangarau i roto i te ahuwhenua, ngā pūnaha whakawera me maha atu ahumahi.

ariā taketake

Awakeri - he pūrere mō te kawe i te whānuitanga o ngā matū. Kei a ia ko wāhanga putorino, tūhono me vaolo, aunoatanga me toromoka.

He aha te tikanga ko te ariā o "pipelines hangarau?" faataa faaotiraa ratou rite te pūnaha o te whakaratonga o hinonga ahumahi, e kua kawea hua āhua-oti, me te oti, me te matū e whakarato tiaki o te tukanga katoa.

Wāhi paipa

I roto i te tukanga o te whakapanga ko reira e tika ana ki te kawe i enei tūtohutanga:

• Me whai i te roa iti tukanga whiowhio;
• sagging kua Kāore me te popoketanga;
• whai wāhi noa mō te mana tukanga;
• te taea o whakarite nga rauemi e tika ana whāwhā taputapu;
• whakarato mātao mō tutukitanga makuku kătahi me te pupuri mahana;
• tiaki paipa ki kino;
• kaupapa noa o te ahi tupohe i taputapu, me te ara tikanga.

Ko nga koki o matapuna

whakarato tukanga Operation whiowhio te mutu ohorere. Ki tenei mutunga, ka waha te kaupapa te matapuna, i e whakarato i tētahi putorino kau noho. Ko te pūrere whakarato te koki tukanga pipelines tokonga e whai ake i runga i te inu kawea rānei (he uara i roto i te nekehanga):

• reo haurehu waihā: i roto i te ahunga whui - 0.002, ki a ia - 0.003;
• E rerengia ana matū wai - 0.002;
• waikawa me te kawakore reo - 0,005;
• matū o te pokey tiketike bystrozastyvayuschie ranei - ki runga ki te 0.02.

E kore ai te hoahoa ngā te rītaha, na kia whakaratohia hoki mehua motuhake ki te noho tahanga te paipa.

ohipa faaineineraa

Me tuatahi kia haere tahi tāutatanga o pipelines hangarau i te mahi e whai ake nei:

1. Tirohia i nga kōrero katoa o te kaupapa, ka hanga nga huringa e tika ana.
2. Ko te tohu o te faaineineraa o ngā hanganga whare me te hanga o te tāutanga.
3. taputapu mana raina whare e tika ana, huānga me ngā taipitopito.
4. Whāngai wāhanga taiepa motuhake me oko, kia rite ki ngā tuhinga ture.
5. Tirohia te hihiko o te pae rangitahi mō te mahi tāutanga, rite rawa ki te rama, kai mana mo te fehokotaki'anga, mo te mahi nui-teitei.
6. Haapa'o ki te arata'iraa e tika ana i runga i te pūrere o pipelines ahumahi i roto i runga i ngā ture haumaru.

tohu ara

Ngā tenei mahi i roto i te whakawhiti tika i te toki whakapuru whare me hononga ki te wahi i reira e kia whakatakotoria ratou tukanga whiowhio. Ka taea te kawea Te tautuhi i wāhi tahora i te taputapu e whai ake nei:

• huira;
• plumbs;
• taumata;
• taumata waipēhi;
• tātauira;
• tapawhā.

Ki te whakatakotoria te hanganga whare te he maha nui o pipelines hangarau, tino heke te wa wahi mo te tahora, mā te whakamahi i ngā tahora motuhake. whakarato rātou i te kanohi ataata o te wāhi o te rārangi putorino ki te hanganga whare. nga mea timatanga katoa tono i muri i te māka manatoko ki te kaupapa, a ka puta ki te whakatika o te hanganga tautoko.

Tāuta o tautoko me anchorages

I roto i te whakaritenga o te turanga whare kia whakaratohia reira tatau mo whakapanga o raka o putanga o te tautoko. Ka taea te hanga ratou i te taputapu mīhini. I roto i te tāutanga o te tautoko kia whakaaro taua kupu tohutohu:

1. pipelines hangarau e whai tautoko pahoho whakaahuatia ana i runga whakaaro toromoka tāuta i roto i tata ki te taputapu me te tautara. Me mau whakaritea putorino Tāuta mo taua tautoko, kore tuku huringa. Kua tutaki te taua whakaritenga i roto i te pā ana ki te ioka.
2. Te tautoko turanga eke ki te taea o te paipa kaupapa maeneene ki noa whakawhānui reira ka whakatika te hiahia. kia hoki kia whakaratohia te reira mo te haumaru o ngāwhā mātao ki te nekehanga pea i te roha.
3. Me takina tautoko erector Taeatautuhi pipelines hangarau katoa hoki hanganga ture ki whakapae, me te poutū. Whakarato he ine taea e kore e taea e e nui enei rohe:

• intrashop pipelines - ± 5 mm;
• pūnaha waho - ± 10 mm;
• ine - 0,001 mm.

Ā roto ki ngā pūnaha tīariari

Me whiwhi tēnei he puka motuhake, me te rite i runga i-pae mahi ko ki tapae te pūtāuta o pipelines ahumahi, e whakatutuki ki enei rārangi. Te whakahaere i roto i te anga, ka e hono te wāhanga hou kua eke ki te pūnaha ngā. Ko te tikanga i roto i ngā take pēnei i te āta whakamaheretia ki te tāuta taputapu kati-atu, engari ki te kahore e o te pūnaha o nāianei, haere reira ki te paetaha. He maha ngā āhuatanga:

1. Me momotu, ka takoto kau te raina o nāianei.
2. Paipa e kawea taiao pūkākā, ka pakū, whāpāharehia tonu me horoi.
3. Weld kōmata Me haere whakamātautau tuatahi. tāuta hoki i runga i te tuhinga maitai kōeke.
4. mahi fehokotaki'anga tika mau te mātanga tino tohu, he wāhi motuhake ki ngā hanganga tino.
5. I mua i timata koe ki te hanga tāutanga o pipelines ahumahi, tūhono kōpuku kua ki haere nga whakamātautau katoa.

E Panaia ana a Makere

I waiho i raro i te putorino huihui ki tikanga purenga e tei runga i te rahi o te putorino:

• diameter 150 mm - horoi te ki te wai;
• i runga i 150 mm - puhia te rangi;

Taitainga e wahi kia tawhiti i te tahi atu raina whakatangi ki kōhao. Horoia ki te wai whakamana te tae noa tīmata te ngongo i te wai ki te rere i waho contamination. kawea tamâraa i roto hoki te 10 meneti. E whakamahia ana ēnei tikanga ki te kore te hangarau e whakarato i ētahi atu paerewa maimoatanga. I muri i te mahi, he rite hoki te whakamātautau e kua kawea i roto i roto i ara e rua koutou: waipēhi me te whāhauhau.

whakamātautau waipēhi

I mua i te taki i te tukanga whiowhio wehea ki ngā wāhi here motuhake, me te whakatinana i te mehua e whai ake nei:

• whakahaere tirohanga ataata;
• manatokonga o ngā tuhinga hangarau;
• tāuta vaolo rangi, kōhao rangitahi (whakamahi rāhuitia taputapu tonu);
• atu wā whakamātautau;
• tūhono i te wahi whakamātautau ki te papu waipēhi.

Ko te kupu, Kei te takina ai i te wa ano i te kaha me te mātotoru o te awakeri. I roto i te tikanga ki te whakatū i te tohu o te kaha riro te ki te whakaaro te uara motuhake o te pēhanga whakamātautau:

• Pipelines o maitai, whakahaeretia i onoono te whakahaere ki runga ki te 5 kg / m². Ko te rahi o te tawhā whakamātautau - 1.5 i runga i te pēhanga whakahaere, engari e kore e iti iho i te 2 kgf / m².
• putorino maitai mahi i te pēhanga nui ake i te 5 kg / m². Ko te uara tawhā ko 1.25 mo te whakamātautau o te pēhanga mahi;
• Maka rino, kirihou me te karaihe - 2 kg / m².
• Pipelines hanga o konganuku nonferrous - 1 kg / m².
• Hoki putorino i hanga o ētahi atu rawa - 1.25 pēhanga mahi.

Ko te wa e noho i raro i te uara pēhanga whakaritea ko te 5 meneti, anake hoki nui haere te putorino karaihe e wha ngā wā.

whakamātautau whāhauhau

Hei whakamātau i te whakamahi i te hau kōpeke te hau e mangere, tangohia nei i te wheketere whatunga o compressors kawe ranei ranei. Tenei kōwhiringa te titiro atu i roto i aua wā i reira ko reira whakamātautau waipēhi taea hoki te momo o take: kore o te wai, he tino iti te pāmahana, me te ngaohiko kino kia puta i runga i te taimaha o te wai i roto i te hanga o te paipa. Tei rohe pēhanga whakamātautau auraa i runga i te rahi o te paipa:

• ka te diameter o te putorino ki 200 mm - 20 kgf / m²;
• 200-500 mm - 12 kgf / m²;
• i runga i 500 mm - 6 kg / m².

Ki te whakawhāiti i te pēhanga tetahi, hoki taua tikanga kia whakawhanakehia te ako motuhake i roto i te whakamātautau.

Whakaritenga mō ngā whakamātautau whāhauhau

rāhuitia whakamātautau whāhauhau te hoki maka whenua rino, me te karaihe hanganga. Hoki ētahi atu rawa katoa i ai te whakatangi tukanga, i reira e taea te whakamana whakaritenga motuhake mō te whakamātau:

• nga piki pēhanga raina āta;
• Ka taea te kawea tirohanga atu ka te pēhanga o te uara mahi o 0.6 (ki te whakapiki ake i te reira i roto i te akoranga o te mahi e kore he tika);
• tirohia hoki ngā turuturu ki te wai hopihopi hua obmazyvaniem, rāhuitia mirimiri hama te.

whakaaro Hua waipēhi me te whakamātautau whāhauhau te pai ki te i roto i te tukanga o te whakahaere i kihai i puta i runga i te taka pēhanga manometer.

pipelines te tuku i roto i te mahi

I ngā wāhanga katoa o te tāutanga kua rite nga tuhinga e hāngai ana, pupuri mahi, ngā tukunga, whakamātautau, me ētahi atu E whakawhiti ratou ki te atamira o maka ana te pipelines rite te tuhinga ◊oatu fakataha, ngā ratou:

• mahi o te tuku o ngā hanganga tautoko;
• tiwhikete mō te kakano ia rauemi;
• Kawa horoi ā-o te paipa;
• mahi arowhai i te kounga o hononga paiherea;
• mutunga o whakamātautau mapuni;
• Test mahi i runga i te kaha me te mātotoru;
• he rārangi o welders, hanga hononga, me ngā tuhinga whakamatautau ratou tohu;
• rārangi putorino ara iahiko.

ka whakahau ano pipelines hangarau me te tipu ahumahi, whare me ngā hanganga. Wehe taea te tukua anake pūnaha intershop.

Aratohu Whakahaere tukanga pipelines

Me ngā tirohanga Periodic taua ngā mahi:

1. Taki huru hangarau i roto i te tirohanga ataata me tikanga nondestructive.
2. Tirohia ngā kaupapa ki te wiri, whakaaro motuhake, whakatau tona auau, me te kaha tīwera.
3. Raparongoā, i mahia nei i roto i te akoranga o te hi'opo'araa o mua.

E rite nui ko te mahi haumaru o te taiepa tukanga, e whakarite tautukunga ki nga tikanga katoa.

Taki Marama e hipokina te kāwanatanga pūnaha te whai ake:

• hononga Flanged;
• mekameka;
• mātao paninga;
• pūnaha waikeri,
• amo ekeeke.

Ki te whakakitea turuturu, hoki take haumaru me te heke te pēhanga whakahaere ki ngā rārangi kōhauhau me te waiariki ki te raro i te pāmahana ki te 60 ° C ki te kawe i te rapurongoā tika. Me tuhia nga hua o te whakamātautau i roto i te buka aamu motuhake.

tātari

Tenei tikanga mana whakamahia te ki te whakatau i te mana me te aravihi whakahaere o nga pipelines. Tika ki te kawe i roto i te tätari kaute i runga i te wāhi i reira kawea te faaohiparaa o pipelines hangarau i roto i roto i ngā āhuatanga tino uaua. ngā te whakamutunga wiri, te waikura nui.

Paipa tātari ngā taua kaupae:

1. Taki hoahoa matotoru tikanga nondestructive.
2. ngā wāhi inenga e pängia ana ki te ngokingoki.
3. Mana o hononga paiherea, e he pāhekeheke.
4. Taki hononga whiria.
5. taiapa tautoko State.

kia kawea te mana tātari tuatahi i roto i roto i te hauwhā o te hōtaka i roto i te ture, engari e kore e i muri atu i te 5 tau i muri i te tīmatanga o te ahanoa. Ka rite ki te hua o te mahi wā o inspections o mahi haumaru o te tukanga pipelines ka e whakaratohia.