Ūkuikui waikura

I kitea Phosphorus me tawhiti i roto i 1669 i te kēmihi German H. Brandt. I roto i te natura, i kitea tenei huānga e anake i roto i te puka o pūhui. kohuke nui - phosphorite Ca3 (PO4) 2 me apatite 3Ca3 (PO4) 2 • CaF2 ranei Ca5F (PO4) 3. I tua atu, he wahi o te pūmua te huānga, a kua kitea hoki i roto i niho me wheua. Phosphorus Ko tauhohe ki te hāora, me te māota tino ngāwari. He taikaha o enei matū e hanga e ki te pūhui hāora (mō te P) +5, me te kaimahi - i roto i te piti hāora kāwanatanga +3. kia fakafofonga'i ūkuikui waikura e rave rahi tātai e whakaatu matū rerekē. I roto ia ratou, te tino noa - he P2O5 me P2O3. Ētahi atu waikura onge, me te painga ako ko: P4O7, P4O8, P4O9, PO me P2O6.

Ko te tauhohenga o te ūkuikui timatanga, e hāora piti hāora wahi āta. Hiahia i roto i ona āhuatanga ngā. Tuatahi, i roto i te pouri, tīrama mārama kitea, i aru ia. Tuarua, hāora o te taonga matū e tonu wahi ki te hanganga o te pekerangi. Ko tenei tika ki te utu takawaenga - phosphoryl PO - kaupapa: P + O2 → PO + e, na: e + O2 → O3. A toru, te hāora e tika ana ki te huringa ohorere i roto i te kawenga hiko o te rangi ambient tika ki tona ionization. i huaina wehe o te marama, kahore reheating nui, i roto i te tauhohe matū te chemiluminescence. I roto i te taiao takawai chemiluminescence matomato tika ki te hanganga o te PO takawaenga.

puta ūkuikui hāora anake i te tetahi kukū hāora. e kore e waiho te reira i raro i te paepae iti me runga ake te mōrahi pēhanga wāhanga o O2. Wā iho tei runga i te pāmahana me te tahi atu āhuatanga. Hei tauira, i raro i ngā āhuatanga paerewa, te tere tauhohe o te hāora parakore, piki ūkuikui hāora noa ki 300 mmHg. Art. ki te tata kore ina te ka heke te pēhanga wāhanga hāora me tae taka 700 mm HG. Art. a runga ake. Ko te kupu, e kore e te waikura i hanga i raro i ngā āhuatanga noa, kia rite ki ūkuikui tata kore oxidized.

ūkuikui pentoxide

Ko te pentoxide ūkuikui tino angamaheni he waikura ranei waikura teitei o ūkuikui, P2O5. Ko te puehu ma ki te kakara titohea. A, no te whakatau i roto i o tona taimaha rāpoi takirua, i kitea ai e te record tika ko tona P4O10 tātai. Tenei taonga nonflammable, rewa reira i 565,6 C. Ko te waikura anhydride P2O5 -kislotny āhuatanga āhuatanga katoa, engari kei te tulitāupau riro te reira makuku, na whakamahia te rite te wai desiccant hau ranei. Ka taea e ūkuikui waikura te tango ake te wai, i te mea wahi o te matū. i hanga te anhydride e te parariraa o te ūkuikui i roto i te huru hāora rangi ranei, he nui rawaka o te kaupapa O2: 4P + 5O2 → 2P2O5. Kei te whakamahia te reira i roto i te hanga o te H3PO4 waikawa. I roto i te whakapā ki te wai e taea te hanga he waikawa e toru:

• metaphosphoric: P2O5 + H2O → 2HPO3;
• pyrophosphoric: P2O5 + 2H2O → H4P2O7;
• Phosphoric: P2O5 + 3H2O → 2H3PO4.

tauhohe murua ūkuikui pentoxide ki te wai, me te matū kei roto te wai, pērā i te rakau miro ranei. hanga tenei te nui o te wera e taea noa meinga ahi. ai te reira i te waikura konganuku me te rawa irritating (he nui weranga kiri, kanohi) me te airway kiriuhi mucous, ara i nohanga rite iti rite 1 mg / m³.

ūkuikui trioxide

anhydride phosphorous ūkuikui trioxide ranei, P2O3 (P4O6) - ko te tioata ma totoka (te ware pi ahua rite), e rewa ana i te pāmahana o te 23.8 C me whewhe i 173,7 C. Ka rite ki te phosphorous ma, he tino tāoke P2O3 . Tenei waikura waikawa, me ona āhuatanga katoa. Phosphorus waikura 3 i hanga te tika ki te hāora puhoi ngingiha o te taonga noa (P) ranei i roto i tētahi taiao i reira i reira ko te hē o te hāora. āta tauhohe Phosphorus trioxide ki te wai matao ki te hanga i te waikawa: P2O3 + 3H2O → 2H3PO3. tauhohe tenei waikura ūkuikui kaha ki te wai wera, tango wahi te tauhohenga i roto i ara rerekē, te hua kia hanga i te phosphor whero (whakarerekētia podukt allotropic), ūkuikui hydride me te waikawa: H3PO3 me H3PO4. whāwehe o P4O6 anhydride aru i wāhinga o te ngota ūkuikui, ai hanga e te ranunga o waikura o P4O7, P4O8, P4O9. E ai ki te hanganga rite ratou P4O10. Ko te tino ako o enei P4O8.