"Waeroa" - antiship pere

Pea, ka rite ki te Navy he taea tonu ki te hoatu i tētahi aromatawai e tika ana o te āheinga korero te whenua o me te ōhanga. A i konei ko reira i te ihirangi o kaipuke utu, me submarines e kore anake. kaipuke Modern - ahumahi nui-tech, te wahi i te tuatahi nga hou patu ino, me te ārai "rere-i roto i".

Ki te i roto i kingi te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao e tama'ii taimaha ki te tiaki kaha, me kawe ngā ohie mō manureva hurirere-peia, engari inaianei kua taui rahi roa te āhuatanga. tango kaha Navy tata katoa te "moana" o whenua ki mahi he kaipahua āhua iti, me te kakama, piki, kua whakaaro te tūranga o mua, me kawe rererangi anake i roto i ngā o te huānga whakahāwea ki te whakawehi i whenua kahore e e whai i te korero noa.

I tua atu, i te nāianei whawhai naval kore ko te taua: ko te hoariri e kore maha e kite i tetahi ki tetahi ara i runga i te pae, me te wikitoria whakarite he patu pere kaha, he pakunga e kia pai tonoa he kaipuke hoariri nui ki te raro. To tatou whenua he taputapu nui - he pūnaha o "waeroa". Tenei pere, i whakapumautia i roto i te USSR, ko te ara pono ki te kī i te whakataunga rangimarie.

Tīmata o te whanaketanga

Mahi i runga i te whanaketanga o patu timata i roto i te 1973. I roto i te hanga pinepine tae o ngā whare rangahau me te hoahoa i katoa i runga i te USSR. "Waeroa" - he tākirirangi, whakawhanakehia tuatahi ki te whakakapi momo pakeke o rite patu, ka tikanga ki te tāuta i runga i nga kaipahua, me poti pere. I tua atu, rite rawa i te reira ki te whawhai makawe kēhua.

I mua i ohi i te tākirirangi i ki te haere i roto i te raupapa faahiahia o whakamātautau whakaū i i tīmataria anake i roto i te 1978. ¶ Na i roto i te tanú, "Sandy kurupae", i reira kawea nga whakamātautau tuatahi o tauira o ngā hua heke mai, me te manatoko i te āhuatanga o ona engines matua i roto. Ko te āhua whakamātautau tonu ano tae noa ki te mutunga o 1982.

i mohio ratou rite pai oti i muri i anake pupuhi kaipahua "Desperado", kei roto i te Moana Barents. koperea i ngā taumata i te tawhiti o 27 km, te hiahiatia tika patua e rua ngā taumata. Rocket me waka tāia ki ki tenei mahi pai.

Ko te tikanga, ko te tākirirangi anake i whakarewahia tika 15 wa i roto i enei mau tamataraa, te angitu kua tutuki i roto i te waru wā, he angitu te kanohi - e rima. hua Whakaotia kore i roto i te rua anake tīmata. Otiia kihai i tango i tonu te kaipuke motu ko "waeroa"! he rima tau tonu te pere, i 1983 ki te 1985, i waiho i raro ki ngā whakapaitanga me te ao hou, hoahoa, tae noa kahore te mutunga i whakaaro tona pūmanawa rawaka.

Ko te kupu, i nui haere te whānuitanga tuatahi tata ono nga wa (!), Pa tonu te ahua o 125 kiromita, ka tae tona hototahi tonu ki ekranoplan "Hepurona", e whakarite tiaki pono o tata te rohe katoa o ngā te USSR te whakamahi o te tākirirangi.

Release, whakarerekētanga,

whakaputaina e ia, a tukua ona matatini "Fakalakalaka", kei roto i te Territory Primorsky. Kua Kua toutou faaite te pere e rua i runga i Zhukovsky kāinga (MAX), me i whakaaturanga katoa ao o ringa (i roto i Abu Dhabi, hei tauira).

Anake i roto i te tīmatanga o 80-doma o te matatini i mana whāngai e nga kaipahua no ki te piha haapiiraa o "hou" Project 956, a i roto i te tau 1984 ka anga ratou ki te whakatū i pere matatau ki te Pūwhakarewa CT-190. "Waeroa" i hohoro whakapumautia me rererangi. I whakaaetia te pere ki mahi i roto i te wā i 1992 ki te 1994.

He aha te mea?

Kua hanga te matatini me te tākirirangi mo te whakangaromanga o ngā kāwai o kaipuke mata hoariri, mauranga mo te taunga, me te te kaipuke o te tira me ngā whāinga kotahi. Tenei ano ngā kaipuke i runga i te rangi urunga , me te wai parirau, i kua tata ira ki te pere tae noa ka hoki o tona tere ipu tiketike.

Tōtika whakangaromia kaipuke, e ko te displacement o runga ki te 20,000 taranata. tere ūnga pea - ki runga ki te 100 ngā kōpuku. Ka taea e te pere hit te hoariri ara i roto i te mata o te ahi kaha, me te hihiani ki ātete te muri. He kore te arai, a ka nui huarere me ngā āhuatanga huarere. Ka taea te whakamahi tōtika pere Anti-kaipuke iho "waeroa" i pāmahana ambient i -25 ki +50 degrees.

tikanga mahi

Moana kāwanatanga te whakamahi i te "waeroa" taea tae noa ono ngā (ki te he iti te ūnga - ki runga ki te rima) me te tere hau (aronga e kore e mea faufaa te reira) - ki runga ki te 20 mita ia te rua. Kua whakahaere kaihoahoa Soviet ki te hanga i tētahi pere e taea te patu i te ūnga noa i roto i te pahūtanga karihi.

Kei te āhuatanga e anti-kaipuke pere te taua "waeroa"-e hāngai ana rangi? e kore e āhuatanga Basic rerekē i te kōwhiringa manuao. Ka taea te rite rawa i tēnei matatini ki rererangi Su-33 (Su-27K) me ētahi atu e tukua e hāngai ana kaipuke-.

te matatini

He tokomaha amo e te tino matatini "waeroa" e tito o kotahi anake tautuhinga mo te whakarewatanga o te pere, engari ehara i te mea. Kei roto te reira e rave rahi ngā momo o ratou: antiship paerewa momo paorangi iti-teitei, ki te patu i te ūnga i roto i nga tikanga o te kaha ngā pūnaha rangi ārai, me te he anga ki "atamai" arata'iraa ZM-80. Whakahaere te kawenga mō te whakarewanga o 3C-80 tāutanga pūnaha mō te arata'iraa CT-152M. A, no te haere mai te reira ki te korero o te rohe ki te matatini whakawhirinaki ana tū,, mana riro te huinga kotahi o te CCW 3F80.

āhuatanga Hangarau

no tākirirangi ki te piha haapiiraa o te marama, hangaia tona tahora e i roto i te whirihoranga aerodynamic puāwaitanga. ogive kopere Puka, te whakaritenga o huruhuru me parirau - X-āhua. Kua hanga nga parirau, me te hiawero tiango mō te waka ngāwari me te pupuri i roto i te ipu tīmatanga. Ko nga kainga rangi tinana matua mārama rongonui, a tāuta te fairing mua tuari radiotransparent.

Ētahi atu āhuatanga reira ara mīharo atu:

• roa pere - i 9.4 ki te 9.7 mita (i runga i te whakarerekētanga me te kāinga).
• whakaterenga mōrahi - ki runga ki te 2.8 Mach.
• whānuitanga iti o te ahi - 10 kiromita.
• Neke taimaha - i te 4 ki te 4.5 taranata.
• Taumaha warhead - o 300 ki te 320 kg.
• ora papa i roto i te ipu whakarewatanga - ki runga ki te 1.5 tau.
• I tēnei wā kia patua pere hou te ūnga, ka rere i pūru ki te tawhiti o 240 kiromita.

I roto i te hanga o whakamahia whānui Titanium parakore matū, alloys maitai kōeke teitei me kaka kōata.

Te tipu te mana ngā. He tīmata pūkaha paura epa piki pere i te tīni whakarewatanga, me Fakatolonga jet toko 3D83. Kei Paura whakatere te tika i roto i te pupuha o te pūkaha matua. kaitahu te reira i tino i roto i te tuatahi e toru ranei wha hēkona, i muri nei i pana ai e nga pauna rere o te hau.

pūnaha arata'iraa

Kei te hoki te pūnaha arata'iraa i hanga o kaupapa ngā. Navigation - momo inertial, me te itoito-hāngū matenga hihiani arata'iraa. "Miramira" Kei te haere te pūnaha whakahaere, i roto i nei whakarite i te tūponotanga nui o patu te ūnga noa i te mea e ngaahi fakafepaki'i ahi kaha. Me kï reira e rerekē tenei ahua i 0,94 ki 0,98.

puta Flight i roto i whakatere atu i te rua akauroa, te tākirirangi ko te poroāwhio rawa uaua. i muri tonu mahi te tīmatanga o te anga te aronui aru e te hekenga koi i roto i te mōrahi "pukepuke", - ki runga ki te teitei o 20 mita. A, no te he e iwa kiromita atu i te whāinga, i reira he he whakaiti noa atu uruhi, ki runga ki te teitei o e whitu mita, i muri nei ko te tākirirangi tika i runga i nga ngā tihi o nga ngaru, nukarau te nakahi. I roto i te rere e taea te mahi i nekeneke matatini ake, a ko te maha nui atu 10g ngāwari.

ngā ūnga

Nā ki taua āhuatanga o te pere "waeroa" (me "malachite", tona kawainga) ko he mōrearea whakamate hoki tata tetahi kaipuke hoariri pea. I roto i te i ngā ki ētahi atu korero anti-takutai tikanga whakaiti ratou ki te kore te tūponotanga o "kohakore" ūnga huaki hoariri.

Hinga whakarite te kaipuke hoariri e whāiti te pūngao neke me te pahūtanga kaha i roto i te takere. Kotahi pere ngāwari ki te tuku i te raro o te cruiser, a kia pai te kawe ki raro, 15-17 mongamonga whakarōpūtanga o te kaipuke katoa. pere ipu Rawa pai "waeroa" e pare ko reira ngā taea. Ko tōna rapunga 3-4 anake hēkona i mua i te ahi whakapā ki te ūnga, engari no te mea kei te whakaaro tonu te hoahoa Soviet tawhito me wehi i roto i nga heramana katoa o te kaipuke i roto i te ao.

Accommodation me te āhua hou

SCRC "waeroa" pehu eke i runga i Project 956 kaipahua (e rua huinga tapawhā), kaipuke anti-waka ruku o te 11556 kaupapa "Admiral Lobov", me te tata katoa kaupapa poti pere 1241,9. I eke te reira i runga i te kaupapa whakamätau o pere iti kaipuke Project 1239 (waka topaki), i runga i te kaupapa i roto i 1240 i te marae, me te te makawe kēhua "Hepurona" whakahuatia i runga ake, hoki i i te tākirirangi ki whakahou tino.

Tautautefito faufaa e te pere "waeroa", te āhuatanga o e kua oti hua i runga, e taea te whakamahi i roto i ngā wāhanga o te korero takutai me rite i roto i te waka rererangi takutai, kua eke ai ki runga ki te Su-27K (Su-33) rererangi. I roto i tenei take, kotahi tangohia i runga i te poari te tītere, iri nei i runga i te waho o te takere i waenganui i te kiri.

awhe whakapai ake

I roto i te 1981 tukuna reira he tikanga kia rite ki ai i reira e tika ana ki te tino whakapai ake i te pūkaha matua ki te whakawhānui i te whānuitanga o te tono o tākirirangi. Heoi i reira ko tetahi tākirirangi "waeroa-M", kotahi tekau o nei i kawea i roto i mua ki te wā tīmatanga-ake i 1987 ki te 1989. i taea e ki te whakapiki ake i te whānuitanga ki te 153 kiromita i te kotahi Engineers Soviet, me te putanga whakarerekētia ko 3M-80E ti'araa.

I tēnei wā, ko te tākirirangi "waeroa", nei photo kei roto i te pepa, e taea te tāuta i runga tata momo katoa o nga kaipahua Russian me ētahi atu manuao, tae atu i te kaipuke pere, me te kaweake. Whakaaetia ia Maunga (kōwhiringa) i runga i te tika ana manuao ke.

hiranga

Ko tākirirangi "waeroa", nei mahi āhuatanga kōrero i roto i tēnei tuhinga e whakaaetia ki te waihanga i tētahi kaupapa o te kaipuke kotahi. i taua e hoatu he poti pere iti tata kaipahua tōtika ona āhuatanga. hanga tenei katoa reira taea ki te whakaiti i te utu e tekau o nga wa te hanganga o te rōpū manuao tonu-parirau, i waho patu ona huru maitatai whawhai. I roto i te tirohanga o te whānuitanga nui o te rohe o te Soviet Union i reira tino nui.

I roto i te tahi atu mea, e riro te taua patu patu faufaa tino taonga noa i roto i ngā āhuatanga hou, ka i roto i Russia te tika tīmata ki te kia anō rōpū moana noa o kaipuke. I tēnei wā, i reira he kahore āhuatanga motuhake i runga i tomo i te kaipuke nui i roto i te Navy, pera he uaua ki te pe si◊aki te 'amanaki o te tonu-he kaiwhakangaro ki te "waeroa" i runga i te poari. Na reira ko te tonu te whanaketanga Soviet wa rawa, rawa roa ki te haere mai ki raro.