Warati hoahoanga: mōhiohio whānui. Ingoa o Kariki whakahau hoahoanga

ka whānui i roto i te tawhito whakamana hoahoanga. I roto i te meka, tenei-perestroika-kurupae hanganga, i kō atu e etahi āhuatanga ngangahau. tikanga hoahoanga, he tirohanga o e i whakaturia i roto i roto i te pukapuka o Vitruvius tonu i roto i te e ahau rau tau BC, i whakamahia ai i roto i Kariki tawhito i roto i te hanga o hahi, a hanga e te āhua e mōhiotia tenei ra nga whare o tenei whenua.

Ko te āhuatanga matua

Vitruvius i roto i ona Tefito'i Mo'oni mahi o whakahau hanganga. Hei tātai i i tangohia nga tawhā hoahoa rite te kōwae pūtake ko te diameter tīwae raro. Ko reira he mehua o te rahi o nga kōrero katoa.

kia Architectural Ancient Greece i te huinga o ngā āhuatanga paerewa e rerekē i roto i te ōwehenga o ratou magnitudes, me whakapaipai. ngā ratou o te tīwae (tīwae), entablature (entablature) me te turanga. Tuatahi, i roto i te tahuri, ngā o ngā huānga e toru:

• Fust (take - oko);

• whakapaipai (whakapaipai);

• turanga (baza)

Ko te pou tokotoko - te wahi nui o tona matotoru heke ki te teitei, engari kāore. ngā Capital te wahi o runga, haere i te reira tika ki te kawenga o te huānga whare overlying. He mārama i tona ingoa pātengi raraunga mahi: ko reira te turanga o Fust.

Entablement, te wahi o runga o te hanganga, ano he hanganga, takitoru. Kei a ia ko te matapihi (matapihi), tāhei (tāhei) me te papa (cornice). puka matapihi Inaki i waenganui i tīwae, ko reira te wahi kawe matua o te entablature. Freese - huānga waenganui. Hoahoanga whakahau Antiquity āhuatanga e te mahi rerekē o tenei wahi: i taea e te reira maheni image ranei. Cornice tīwae karaunatia, kua maha whakapaipai reira dentil (dentils), ranei, rite e huaina ratou, he pihikete kia - protrusions muri tapawhā.

Turanga - te raro o te tīwae, tona turanga, maha i te hanganga marere. Tīwae "tupu" i stylobate (stylobate) - te atamira o runga.

whakahau hoahoanga o Ancient Greece

He whakahau e rima, e whakaaro he matarohia. E toru o ratou i hanga i runga i te rohe Kariki. Tenei Doric, Ionic ko Korinetia kia hoahoanga. I roto i te Roma i tahito ra, i reira e rua atu i: Tuscan ko Composite. Ia o ratou kua ona ake āhuatanga motuhake i roto i te hanganga me ngā huānga whakapaipai.

Ingoa o Kariki whakahau hoahoanga hoatu he whakaaro o te aha rohe o te tu o mua whakatika ratou. Putanga i roto i to ratou ake rohe, i roto i te rau tau BC VI Katote me tīwae Doric momo hohoro horahia puta noa i Greece. Korinetia tikanga kihai i tino paingia. Kua riro te reira i atu i roto i te tono i roto i Roma i tahito.

Nui me te tapatahi

He rerekē ki te whakaiti i te maha o ngā kōrero whakapaipai kia hoahoanga Doric. i te tīwae kahore turanga, mai i te hāngai reira tika i runga i te stylobate. Maaro kātua pāhiwihiwi, wahi i runga i tetahi toru o te tiketike, ko te thickening iti. hipoki tīwae o te mata i ki awaawa - fluted. Ka rite ki te tikanga, i reira i hoatu 20. anake te putorino etahi whakaaro whakapaipai rahi: hanga e ratou he tākaro o te marama me te atarangi, ngā te whakanui ake i te tiketike o te tīwae. He nga kōwhiringa mō tīwae me kahiwi maeneene.

porotaka Capital i te pūtake i runga i te mea i takoto te tapawha. okioki te reira i matapihi maheni. roto Freese triglyphs - Unuhia tika ki rawa tapatoru i waenganui ia ratou, whakarōpūtia i roto i takitoru. I waenganui i nga triglyphs i wā (tikanga) rānei maheni tonu ki te whakapaipai ranei. I raro i te hiku maha noho he maha o te warati-pihikete.

Famous katoa i runga i te ao

Doric maheni tino o taua masterpieces o hoahoanga tawhito rite te Parthenon, me te temepara o Hephaestus. tīwae maia tino whakapaipai me whare whakatapua ki Poseidon i Cape Sounion, ko Afee i te motu o Aegina.

Doric - te kuware tino i roto i ngā o te hoahoa kia hoahoanga. Momo putanga i roto i Ionia, a ka i roto i Koriniti, he maha nui o whakapaipai rerekē, me te taipitopito toi.

Wahinetanga, whakaurua i roto i te kohatu

I whakahē Dorian pakeke ki te whenu me te here, ara etahi o te tikanga Ionic. Tīwae o tenei momo ara i runga i te turanga a tawhio e titiro haamana'oraa o te torutoru tāpae i runga i ia atu mowhiti. Ko roa atu whakatinanatanga Doric te pou. Mai i tenei tīwae te mea te reira atu pūhihi. Putorino hohonu (i reira e 24), me te whakapaipai whakapaipai ki te moni (curls).

Ko entablature katote rawa kuiti, me ngā, kia toru nga whakapae: matapihi mania, tāhei, e kua kahore triglyphs, me te moka kohuki cornice ki dentil i muri. Ko te wahi waenganui o te entablature maha whakapaipai ki reliefs.

Na te hanga i te tīwae taua, rite nga kaihoahoa onamata tona wahine ki hope pīrahi, makawe mawhatu, Moni me hipi e rerengia ana o kakahu - fluted.

takenga

Vitruvius, i roto i tona pukapuka, tuhituhi e whakatika nga whakahau hoahoanga Ionic i roto i te hanganga o te hahi o Epeha. ka whakatika te hiahia mo te puka hou i te hiahia ki te kitea te kāhua e whakatinana ana i te wairua o te iwi Kariki e noho i te rohe, me te rerekē reira ki Dorian. Ko te whakatinanatanga o te hapu kawe te hua aroha: Ionic kia mohiotia kahore iti iho i tona tauira tino, a hoki tetahi o te aronui.

Scientists whakapono e kua te hanganga o te momo hou o te tīwae, kua äta, a ka te whare o Epeha anake te quintessence o nga wāhanga o mua katoa. Heoi, ko te tikanga Ionic me pono whakatinanatanga te tino ihi me te huatau. No miharo i whakamahia ai i roto i te paturaa o te Hiero o Athena Nike ko Riana, faifai riro te whakamutunga te taitara o tetahi o nga mea whakamiharo e whitu o te ao.

teina

kia Kolinitō, rite kua tuhia, riro te tohatoha motuhake i roto i Roma i tahito. I roto i te Kariki i whakaaro ai he peka o Ionic. Ko e mo'oni, enei whakahau i te rota o ngā ōritenga. tokotoko High ki 24 turanga fluted i runga i te turanga a tawhio. Ko te rerekētanga matua - he reira potae iti, arā, o ono Moni tahi e te rau acanthus, whakaritea rua rarangi i roto i.

Entablement rite ki te huānga hāngai i roto i te hanganga Ionic: Kei roto te reira i te matapihi, tāhei, te tauturu oti wehea me cornice ki niho. Rerekē whare te whakamahi i taua tīwae ko e kore ratou e tautoko i te tuanui maihi, a flat.

Ki te mau tonu tatou i te kupu whakarite o tautāne me wahine, tuatoru te tikanga Kariki kaua he āhuatanga āhuatanga o te kotiro taitamariki, he coquetry me te aroha mo te whakapaipai mātanga. E whakaaro ana te tauira tuatahi o nga pou Korinetia kitea ki hei te temepara o Apollo i Bassae.

farii

ki te tīariari i roto i Roma i tahito tonu Kariki whakahau hoahoanga. whakamahi rātou i te ruānuku, te hanga i te ahua o nga pa o te kingitanga. I roto i te whakarara, i reira kua puta ngā hou: Tuscan me Composite whakahau hoahoanga. Na te ingoa o te wahi, me te hanganga whānui o te arorau ora taua.

raupapa Composite - "uri" o te Ionic me Korinetia. āhuatanga Tuscan tūturu e hanga i taua whanaungatanga kitea ki Dorian: tīwae tonu kahore pane, matapihi maeneene me te tāhei a tawhio whakapaipai rākaitia.

I muri i te hinganga o te Patireia o Roma, moni i roto i taua momo hoahoanga āta mariri a i ora anake i roto i te rau tau XV, ka i kitea ai pukapuka Vetruviya. Ko te whare i roto i te kāhua puāwaitanga, i tangohia e āhua muri, hoki tika i roto i tīwae āhuatanga rite ranei. Me kï reira e teie mahana te whakahau hoahoa, i tae nei tatou i roto i te matotoru o te rau tau, maha whakamahia i roto i te hanga, me te whakapaipai o masterpieces hou.