Whakaata tākaka me tona tono

whakaatu muka Optical he tauira o te āhua o pūtaiao matauranga e whakawhitia ki te hangarau te ahunga whakamua e te mutunga hanga māmā ora mo te tangata noa. Ki te tuku kōrero muka mo te maha o nga tau te tikanga kōrero e pā ana mō te whakawhitihia tohu hiko. Ka taea te whakamahi rahi miro angiangi o te makawe tangata mo te tuku o te whānui o te tohu e kua hiahiatia ki te whakahaere i te waea, hononga ipurangi, TV, me te pera i runga i. D. Ko e mo'oni, ngā tika ki te kaha whakahaere tiketike o tuku kōrero muka kua tono e kore anake ki ngā hiahia whare.

tohu i roto i te whatu hangarau tuku muka

I roto i ano, i te whakamahi o te muka whatu rite te tohu iriti - te whakaaturanga anake o te matauranga e tirohia te wāhanga pūtaiao o tākaka. Mataotao i roto i tenei aronga e ako i te tuku mōhiohio me te whakatö o te marama, me i roto i te horopaki taua, nga kaiarahi marama ngā. Ko te whakamutunga e whakamahia, me rite Distributors o te ao, me te pehea nga ongoi e mōhiohio. E te ara, e hāngai ana i runga i te p marama-emitting rite ngā hou o te whanaketanga o te hangarau taiaho. I roto i tenei take, Heoi, i tetahi atu pātai ngā - he aha tītohunga takoto i te ngakau o tākaka? Tenei āhuatanga o te whakaata ā-(te tapeke) radiation hiko i roto i te rohe uruhanga he rerekē kuputohu atatāhapa. Ai te kawe mōhiohio tavini kore tohu hiko, me te rere te marama whakawaeheretia. Hei mahino te tohu o te pai o taura muka whatu ki te whakarewa tuku iho kia tahuri kotahi ano ki to ratou kaha. Kua whakahuatia muka miro nei matotoru, ko te kore neke atu i te 0.5 mm, he ahei o tuku i te nui o ngā mōhiohio e ka mahi waea parahi tikanga ki te matotoru 50 anake mm o.

Methods o hokohoko muka whatu

E rua tikanga matua, e taea te hangaia i roto i te muka whatu. Ko te tikanga o preforms Tangohanga me te rewa te whakamahi i tenei. Ko te hangarau tuatahi taea rauemi e hāngai ana kirihou-iti-te kounga, na teie mahana te whakaritea reira e kore e whakamahia. whakaaro te tikanga tuarua ko te tuatahi, me te tino pai. Ko te preform - he wātea, kei roto i te hanganga mo te tuhi ngangana. Na roto i te paerewa hou, kia whai i te preform te teitei o runga ki te maha tekau o mita. Waho, tenei karaihe tokotoko ki te diameter o e pā ana ki 10 cm, i nei te muka matua rewa. I roto i te tukanga o te hokohoko tokotoko tahi ki te ranunga o muka he wera ki te pāmahana teitei, i muri i nei he kakawaea pōtaka. Ko te roa o te rauemi hua taea tae e rave rahi kiromita, ahakoa i roto i tenei take tonu te diameter tamau - ona whakatikatika mana aunoa. Tei runga i te wahi i nga tuku kōrero muka, rauemi hoki reira kia coatings e whakarato paruru i te pae, me te matū ki te kia tono mua-tukatuka. Ko te ranunga mō ngangana i roto i to ratou hanganga te tikanga ngā rauemi pērā i polyimide, acrylate, me silicone.

āhuatanga hanganga o te muka whatu

Ko te wahi pokapū o te miro, ko te matua - te matua rawa o te muka, i ka horapa te marama i roto i te akoranga o te mahi. huru no te matua e kuputohu atatāhapa marama teitei tutuki e te mā te whakamahi i karaihe doped ki whakarerekē tāpiritanga motuhake. Hoki tauira, mō kaka silica whakamahi wae angamaheni pērā i dopant atatāhapa. I roto i te tahuri, e te anga e rave rahi mea, te tino nui o te mea te tiaki tinana tonu o te matua. whakarato ana tēnei wāhanga hoki he pānga ata tāhapa, engari ki te auau iti. Ko te rohe i waenganui i nga rauemi e rua hanga he hanganga aratohu marama e kore nei e tuku i te rōrahi o te kurupae matua whakawhānui tua atu i te matua. utu te tuhituhi ano hoki ko e te turanga o tākaka e pā ana ki te momo o muka rauemi. Hei kia pau, e korero tatou e pā ana ki te waveguides uruhanga e tuku tohu te marama.

Ngā momo o muka whatu

Ko te kiripaka te nuinga noa, kirihou me te muka flyuoridnye. Te kiripaka miro i runga i te rewanga i waikura hanganga rauemi rite, tae atu waikura silicon doped ranei. Tenei anga e āhei ki te whakaputa i muka ngāwari, me te roa, āhuatanga me te ai te kaha aunoa tiketike. tuku kōrero kirihou-muka i hanga i waerau me, rite kua whakahuatia, e kore e taea te whakarite tau mahi nui. I roto i ngā, taua ngangana i te ōrau nui o ngaronga raraunga, e tauwhāiti ratou whakamahi i roto i te wāhi tono. I te tahi atu te ringa, e pupuri ana te muka utu kirihou te tono mō tenei rauemi i roto i ngā tohutohu hāngai kiritaki wāhanga. Ko ngā rauemi whatu flyuoridnyh, e hāngai ana ratou turanga i runga i mōhiti fluorozirconate me fluoroaluminate. Ko rongoā tino hou, me te hangarau matatau mo te kōrero whatu, engari te ihirangi o konganuku taimaha i roto i te hanganga ārai hoki ratou te whakamahi, hei tauira, i roto i te ahumahi hauora.

Ine taputapu mō te muka

Ko te taputapu tino noa whakamahia i roto i ngā huinga o te muka whatu me pūoko he Bragg gratings. Te muka pūoko whatu - te pūrere tikanga mō te whakatika etahi uara e tohu te āhua o te rauemi i te kau. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā pūoko whakatau te matatu, te pāmahana, wiri, pēhanga, me ētahi atu taurangi. Bragg kupenga i runga i tona mahi he reira ofi ange ki nga āhuatanga ōmata. E hopu ana i roto i te muka matua ngangau aperiodic atatāhapa. Tenei inenga taea ki te whakatau i te āhua o te hunga whai hua i roto i te tohu haapurororaa i roto i etahi huru tākaka. Ano, tohunga whakamahi he OTDR, te whika rēhita kakai, i ātete.

amplifiers muka Optical me lasers

Ko te hua tino matatau, e kua whakawhanakehia e hāngai ana i runga i te hangarau o tuku kōrero muka tenei. Rerekē te tahi atu momo o lasers, te whakamahi o kakawaea whatu ka taea whāiti, me te i te taua wa taputapu tōtika. I roto i ngā, kua whakakapia hangarau tuku kōrero muka te whakaaro taiaho matarohia e tika ana ki te painga e whai ake nei:

• Ko te tōtika o te tango wera.
• auau nui ake o te putanga radiation.
• Kutētē pai.
• tika High me te pūmautanga o te taiaho.
• taputapu taimaha iti.

I roto i te tahuri, ka taea te whakamahi i te amplifiers i runga i te momo rānei i roto i ngā rārangi kāinga whatunga, te whakanui ake i te taumata mahi te raina muka matua. Heoi, ko te hōkai o te mahi o te muka he utu whakaaro i roto i te taipitopito atu.

He aha whakamahi tākaka?

Ka taea te tāutuhia e rave rahi tohutohu, e whakamahi rauemi muka-whatu. Ko te poi o tono kāinga, taputapu torotoro waea, me te taputapu rorohiko, me te niches tino motuhake, tae atu etahi manga o te rongoā tenei. Kei te hanga tākaka motuhake mo ia o enei wāhanga. Whakamahia rite pāpāho paerewa TV tuku ranei tohu Internet, mo te tauira, iti tauira kirihou cheap o kounga reo. Ko te whakamahi hoki i te taputapu taiaho me utu whakaaro hauora muka kiripaka kounga teitei whakaratohia rite pūtohu atu.

Ko te whakamahi o tākaka i roto i te rongoa

Ka taea te whakamahi taua muka i roto i te taputapu hauora me whakatangi. Ko te tikanga paerewa tā te pea o te whakauru i te taputapu motuhake i runga i te muka marama refracted e te hunga i roto i te okana o te tinana e taea tuku i te tohu ki te kāmera pouaka whakaata waho kē. whakamahia te muka tuku kōrero i roto i rongoa me rite te rauemi rama. Taputapu rawa ki kōwae muka tukua koe painlessly ki te whakanui i te kōhao puku, awa ihu, me ētahi atu

Ko te whakamahi o tuku kōrero muka i roto i te taputapu rorohiko

Pea ko te wāhi tino noa, kua kitea nei tona muka wahi tenei. Te kore reira e kore e taea te mahi i tenei ra te hono i waenganui i ngā pūrere takitahi e tuku mōhiohio. O te akoranga, pā tenei ki te hunga wāhi i reira e kore e taea tika ki te whakamahi i ngā hononga ahokore, ano kei te kaha e whakakapi taura rite taua ranei. Hei tauira, kei te faaineine i te kamupene aratuku nui rawa te whatunga tapahanga interregional, e whakamahi tākaka. Ko te whakamahi o enei awa mo te taputapu piringa me ngā ratonga torotoro waea tikanga e āhei ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te arotau i te utu pūtea o te tiaki o te hanganga whatunga, me te whakapiki ake i te tōtika o te tuku raraunga.

kino o te muka

Kia aroha mai, e kore e taea te mahi i whenu whatu kahore ngoikoretanga. Ahakoa he iti te ihirangi o taua whakairinga, e kore ki te whakahua i te kore o te hiahia mo ngā whakahōunga auau, he nui ki runga ake i nga ritenga whakarewa te utu o te rauemi. I tua atu, tākaka, me tona whakamahinga i roto i te rongoā te tino iti hoki o te ihirangi i roto i te tahi mau alloys o mata me te zirconium poke, mōrearea paitini ki te tangata. Fele āwangawanga reira te teitei tauira karaihe kounga, e kore e plastkovyh.

Production o te muka whatu i roto i Russia

Hei wāhanga o te hōtaka whakauru kawemai i 2015, i te wheketere "pūnaha muka-whatu" i whakatuwheratia i roto i te Mordovia. Ko reira anake te hinonga i Russia, e i te kau tae noa ki taea e ngana ana ki te whakatau i nga hiahia o kiritaki kāinga i roto i te muka whatu. Na roto i te 2015, kua mahi hoki i te ahumahi Russian i roto i te whakangao o ngā rauemi muka whatu, engari anake i roto i etahi kaupapa hāngai. tonu te taua ahua o te āhuatanga i tenei ra. Ki te ka rapua e te tetahi kamupene tuku kōrero muka me tona whakamahinga i roto i te rongoa me i te mara o te whakaurunga aratuku ka kia pūtea whakatikaia, ka i reira e e rite ki te mahi i runga i taua ota motuhake takitahi te rota o wheketere. Heoi, production papatipu o te taura taua i te muka anake ka mahi Mordovia tipu i roto i te heke mai e tata ana. Ano, i te kore e taea ki te homai i te mākete i roto i runga i te rōrahi o te tono ia. Kei te hokona tonu te wahi nui o te hanga i roto i te Hononga o Amerika, me Hapani. E hangaia Ahakoa hua kāinga i runga i kawemai rauemi raw.

mutunga

hua muka whatu i hanga kia rite ki te wāhanga o te mākete, ko te kua pā ana ki 15-20 tau. Neke atu i te nga tau i taea e ki te mauruuru i te rangatiratanga o ngā taura hou te kiritaki, engari e kore te ahunga whakamua e tonu e tu. Ki te whakanui ake mau huru hangarau, me te tinana, me te whakawhānui i te tono o te rauemi. Ko te muka whatu hou e hāngai ana i runga i nanotechnology, i roto i ngā, mātātoa whakamahia i roto i te hinu, me te ahumahi hau, me te korero ahumahi. I roto i te tahuri, whakawhanake tākaka nonlinear i ariā anake, engari ngā wāhi tino whaihua o te hangarau. I roto ia ratou Ko te kōpeketanga o ngātere taiaho, solitons optical, radiation whatu ultra-poto, me ētahi atu E mea papû e i roto i te tua ki te rangahau ariā ki te taea o te whakatuwheratanga, me i roto i te matauranga tino pūtaiao, whanaketanga hou, me te tuku i te mākete ki hanga e horo'a hou ki kiritaki o ngā taumata rerekē.