Whakahaere Evolution

pakihi ngaio, ahakoa tona hītori kore rawa te roa, ko te whanaketanga tuwhena, me te rawa kaha. tangohia tēnei whanaketanga kua maha ngā wāhanga, tetahi o i ko te kunenga o te whakahaere. Ko te hanganga o te pūtaiao whakahaere pakihi kua mua awe nga āhuatanga pāpori-ohaoha o whakahaere production pāpori. timata Evolution o Whakahaere i te horopaki kōrero o mua i roto i te wa o te haaputuputuraa tahito o te whakapaipai. Ko te tau o te Faaapî, me te Māmá i Europa, whai wāhi ki te whanaketanga o ngā āhuatanga ahurea me te tōrangapū o te whanaketanga o te ahumahi. I roto i tenei wā, i reira he ture, me āhua centralized, i tiaki nei i te mau melo o te iwi whānui pērā i kaihokohoko, kaimahi me kaihokohoko. E hāngai ana te angitu i runga i te mahi pakeke, i matau rite te mehua o te tōtika o te mahi o te whakapaipai, hokohoko ataahua ka mahi rite he moni mäharahara ana tupuranga whenua.

Kua riro Evolution o Whakahaere he a tawhio hou i roto i te wa o te tuatahi revolution ahumahi, i whakatuwheratia production papatipu, i whakakapi i te manufactory mahi iti. Kua hua hoki hokohoko ngā etahi hanganga ōhanga i roto i warehouses, rori, pūtea, waka. Kua tenei hanganga kua taea ki te whakakotahi i te whenua rerekē, te hanga i tētahi mākete kotahi mō taonga. ka apiapi whakapaipai pūtea, a ka timata ia ki te titiro mo ngā wāhi rerekē o tō tono, a ka kitea ratou e i roto i te whanaketanga kaha o te ahumahi. Ko te hinonga capitalist hou i roto i te hiahia i roto i te ope mahi, a ratou i taea ki te tiki i te reira rite ki te hua o te tiango o te ōhanga feudal. kihai i hinonga capitalist me ngā umanga mo te wa roa i te whakataetae ritenga. Te faaohiparaa o te tamaiti cheap me mahi wahine, he pakanga whakataetae e mura "mo te ora" taonga o koroni me te ärai nanakia o ngā mākete hou - ko nga āhuatanga o te "moni noa" e vai noa te mutunga o te rau tau XIX enei.

e kore te mea rite ki te whanaketanga kaha o te pūtaiao me te hangarau te āhua o tēnei wā o ngā take, na reira, ka anga ki te puta me ngā hou. Ko te pūngao o te tahi mau kaipakihi ko ki te whakapai ake i te tawhito, me te tenenga o hangarau ahumahi hou, whakahaere pai o te hanga, i roto i te tikanga ki te kitea tona motuhake i roto i te mākete. Te revolution ahumahi, te mutunga, ki te whakarite i te whakawhitinga ki te whakatōpū me te whanaketanga o ahumahi hanganga papatipu production. Evolution o te whakahaere i tenei wāhi riro tino kite, mai ko te whāinga matua o te nuinga o ngā kamupene i taua wa he tupu ōhanga nui. Making tutuki te pai i te taha o mechanization me roha o te hanga, te whakanui ake i te putanga o te hanga angamaheni, whakaiti i ngā utu production. I toa te hunga kaiwhakanao e whakahere hua paerewa i utu iti. I roto i tenei huarahi, hāngai te aro o kaipakihi me ratou kaiwhakahaere i runga i te tōtika o te hanga mīhini. He mea nui ki te mahino te hononga i waenganui i te kāwanatanga me te pakihi i roto i taua tau. Kua whakaturia te rāngai pakihi kua peka, whakaiti te mana pāpori, me te tōrangapū o te iwi whānui te. protectionism Economic me te kaupapa here pupirikana - ko e hiahiatia te katoa e i te mahi o te kāwanatanga. Ko te tau o te production papatipu, pera matau tatou katoa, i runga i te raruraru hohonu o te overproduction.

production mua ka haere mai whakaaro i roto i te totohe oti ki te titauraa hou o kiritaki. Ko te kupu, ko te whanaketanga o te whakahaere e hiahiatia ana te huringa takotoranga ki te ōhanga hanga ki te mākete. whakaiti Rahui Kua pau tino te utu o te hinonga. kua meinga angitu o te kamupene tino ti'aturi i runga i ngā āhuatanga o waho. kihai ui mahi whakahaere i te raupatu o ngā mākete, me te hanga o te hunga hou. Ko te tuatahi ki te takotoranga mākete kē ahumahi whakaputa taonga kiritaki me pakihi ki te tukanga matatini e hua taputapu, wāhanga, hua āhua-oti, me mihini. I hua wā marketing papatipu he hokohoko tairururaa whānui, i mahara ki te taurite te whakaritenga o te whakaputa me tona hokohoko. Market waiwai me te overproduction o taonga hoatu te mutunga ki tenei wā.

I tenei wa, e tipu te piha haapiiraa waenganui, i i te tono teitei. Ke me te tūranga o te kaiwhakahaere me te kaipakihi e kei roto i te taiao hou e kore i taea e whakahaere takitahi pakihi pai, a reira nui haere te tūranga o ngā kaiwhakahaere (kaiwhakahaere ngaio me kaiwhakahaere raina). Kaiwhakahaere whakarite hua mōrahi o ngā rauemi katoa a he kawenga mō te e mau ana i roto i te ahunga whakamua pūtaiao, me te hangarau, me te ki te whiwhi i te tōtika teitei o te ora ōhanga katoa.

Evolution o te whakahaere rautaki te āhuatanga e te ahua o ngā rautaki motuhake me ratou whakatinanatanga i roto i te mahi tonu o nga kamupene me ngā umanga. E wehea tumu kōrero ki wha wāhanga matua o te whakamahere whanaketanga: whakamahere wā roa-, pūtea, te whakamahere rautaki, me te whakahaere.

āhuatanga te kukuwhatanga o te whakahaere pūtea e te putanga me te whanaketanga o motuhake mahi pūtea o te rakahinonga me te pakihi. tēra te tipu hiahia o pakihi tūmataiti he whakamātautau motuhake o nga tikanga katoa o te whakahaere, me te hiahia ki te whakanui i te reira rite te poi motuhake o te matauranga.