Theory Synthetic o Evolution

I hanga Theory waihanga o Evolution i te pūtake o te rōpū i roto i nga tau 20 o rauropi, iranga, me te Darwinism. I teie mahana, e whakaaro ai te oti tino ka whakawhanakehia rawa oti. ariā waihanga o te kukuwhatanga whakaurua nga iranga taupori puāwaitanga me te Darwinism.

Ko te tuatahi ki te whakauru i te huarahi iranga ko Chetverikov Sergey. I te tau 1926 whakaputaina e ia he tuhinga i reira i te kukuwhatanga o te ora (i roto i te tahi mau āhuatanga) kua whakaaro i te wāhi o te tirohanga o iranga. I roto i tona mahi kawea Chetverikov e rave rahi mau faanahoraa. Ka rite ki te tauira o ratou i riro taupori tūturu o Drosophila. Ko te kupu, i kitea te pūtaiao te whai ake:

1. Irakētanga i roto i te natura puta tonu.
2. Ka taea e huringa ngoikore tohe ake i roto i te āhua iraruakē.
3. Ki te kei te tangoro he irakētanga tape'a i te taua ahua o tohumate i runga i te wā (rite tau ratou).
4. Ko nga āhuatanga interspecies pārōnaki nui rerekētanga ā-ira , me te wehe.
5. Panmixia (whakawhiti free) arata'i ki polymorphism me te kōwhiringa - he monomorphism o nga momo.

Ko te ariā Chetverikov aroaro, tohu reira e whai wāhi te haaputuputuraa o tikanga o irakētanga matapōkere ki te directionality urutau, e pā ana ki te akoranga i roto i te whanaketanga. whanaketanga tonu o te whakaako geneticists Russian pērā i Romashov, Timofeev Resovskii Vavilov, Dubinin me etahi atu. i hanga nga mahi o enei, me te tahi atu tau i te tūranga i runga i nei te ariā waihanga o te kukuwhatanga.

I roto i 30 te tau o Wright Holdeymsa, whakatakotoria Fischer te turanga mo te whanaketanga o te whakaako i roto i te Te Hau-ā-uru.

Ko tētahi o nga mahi tuatahi i reira te ariā waihanga o te kukuwhatanga, i roto i tona ngako, i whakaturia he pepa i runga i Dobzhansky mai i te takenga o ngā momo me te iranga. I roto i tenei pepa arotahi te aro i runga i te ako o te tikanga o ngā taupori ira o te pūnaha i runga i te mana o ngā āhuatanga. Te āhuatanga, i roto i ngā, ngā rerekētanga iranga, te rerekē i roto i te maha o te mau taata i roto i ngā o rerekē taupori, hekenga. He mana nui me te take o te kukuwhatanga, me te wehe whakaputa uri te hanga e i roto i te puka hou momo.

He he mahi nui ki te te whanaketanga o te whakaako Schmalhausen. I roto i runga ki te uniana auaha o Embryology, ariā whanaketanga, paleontology, Morphology me te iranga, kua whakahaere aivanaa i roto i-hohonu rangahau ōwehenga phylogeny me ontogeny, te korenga i te ngā matua i roto i te kunenga me te whakawhanakehia he maha o tikanga taketake o te ariā hou.

I roto i te tūnga nui o rangahau taketake ko te mahi o Huxley, "Evolution. Ko te kōtuitui hou". O nga hoki faufaa nui te ako o ngā puka me reiti o te whanaketanga i hanga e Simpson.

hāngai ana ariā waihanga i runga i mau marôraa nui ma tahi. Ratou Vorontsov torutoru a whakatakoto.

1. Irakētanga, E whakaaro huringa rite iti motuhake i roto i te whakapapa rauemi kunenga e he tupurangi.
2. Main, ki etahi whānuitanga, ara te kapu kaha peia muri te whakaaro whanaketanga kei te ki te waiho i te kōwhiringa tūturu, e hāngai ana nei i runga i te kōwhiringa o irakētanga iti, me te tupurangi.
3. whakaaro te kōwae iti te ki he taupori tipu.
4. Whanaketanga he hurihurihanga (āta) me te natura tonu.
5. Tirohia ngā tokomaha kaimahi, me te i te wa taua wehea (morphologically, ira me physiologically), engari e kore ngā wae uri taratahi.
6. titau Evolution nga āhuatanga hahiraa.
7. ira Whāngai (ngā irarā whakawhiti) whakaaetia te anake i roto i te momo. I roto i tenei whakaaro, he mea (he ahua) te whakaaro ki te waiho i te pūnaha integrated, me te ira kati.
8. Ahua o ngā āhuatanga e kore e tono ki te puka e whakaputa uri asexually i parthenogenesis me.
9. Macroevolution puta i microevolutionary.
10. taxon Real he takenga monofiliticheskoe (pā ana ki te kotahi te ahua tupuna).
11. Ko te tukanga ohorere Evolution, he āhua kore-rua o te whāinga hopea.