X-hihi

i kitea X-hihi e WK Roentgen i 1895, ka huaina te X-hihi. Neke atu i te te rua tau i muri mai, whai wāhi te pūtaiao i roto i to ratou rangahau. I roto i tenei wā, i hanga te tuatahi korere X-ray. Ko ratou te puna tino noa o te radiation.

Kua whakakitea te reira e te pakeke X-hihi e taea ki te tomo i te momo o ngā rauemi, me te ngohengohe kiko tangata. kitea hohoro te meka muri tono i roto i te rongoa.

Ko te kitea o te X-hihi mau i te aro o pūtaiao huri noa te ao. Ko te whai i muri i to ratou kitenga, ka whakaputaina te nui nui o te mahi i runga i to ratou ako me te whakamahi.

ako tokomaha pūtaiao nga āhuatanga o te X-hihi.

J .. tohu Stokes ratou natura hiko, oti te whakau experimentally Charles Barkley, nei hoki whakatuwheratia me te vahiraa. physicists Tiamana Knipping, Friedrich, Laue ttara whakakitea (te ari e pā ana ki te ine i te whakatö torotika). I te tau 1913, kitea te motuhake i ia atu, me te Bragg Wolfe he pā ana ohie i waenganui i te roangaru, ttara koki me te tawhiti i waenganui i rererangi ngota tata i roto i te karaihe. i hanga katoa o te mahi i runga ake i te pūtake o hanganga tātaritanga X-ray. Mā te whakamahi i te tūāwhiorangi mō tātari timatanga o te rauemi timata i roto i te 20. I roto i te whanaketanga o te ako me te tono o te radiation whai wāhi nui Physico-Technical Institute, i mea i hanga A. F. Ioffe.

Ko te kurupae pūtake tino noa ko te ngongo X-ray. Heoi, kia nga puna takitahi kanoirite iraruke. Ko te kupu kotahi tika emit X-hihi, me ētahi atu radiation karihi (he-matūriki irahiko ranei) emitting radiation te karawhiuwhiu i te ūnga whakarewa. Ko te ngongo e te kaha radiation nui nui atu te puna isotopic. I te taua wa, te rahi, utu, taimaha i puna isotopic tawhiti iti iho i te tahi i te ngongo tāutanga.

kia Rauemi o ngohengohe X-ray te synchrotrons me puku hiko. Ko te kaha o te iraruke synchrotron i rua ranei e toru whakahau o nui nui atu i ngongo radiation i te whānuitanga o te rohe ngā.

Nga puna taiao, e emit X-hihi ngā te Sun me te tahi atu taonga i roto i te hanganga.

I roto i runga ki te huarahi o te takanga o te tukunga tūāwhiorangi ai kia ratou āhuatanga (kingi) me wahia (tonu).

I roto i te take tuarua, X-ray tūāwhiorangi tukuna e te matūriki nohopuku (whakatupato) runga ki to ratou inhibition i te tukanga o te pāhekoheko ki te ngota ūnga.

i hanga tukunga Raina te rite ki te hua o te ionization ngota ki irahiko ejection i tetahi o nga anga o te ngota. kia waiho tenei āhuatanga he putanga o te tukinga, me matūriki ngota nohopuku, hei tauira, ki te irahiko (tuatahi X-hihi), ranei ngota absorption o te pūaho (fluorescence X-hihi).

hihi Ngā pāhekoheko ki mea e taea te waihanga i tētahi pānga pūaho e haere tahi ratou absorption toreretanga ranei. kitea ana tēnei āhuatanga i roto i te take i reira te absorption o te pūaho ki te ngota E faatae mai te tetahi tuatahi o nga irahiko i roto. Kia ka puta te reira rānei whakawhitinga radiative ki paheke o āhuatanga tukunga ngota pūaho ejection o te irahiko tuarua i roto i te whakawhitinga radiationless ranei.

I raro i te mana o te karaihe nonmetallic X-ray (hei tauira, toka tote) i roto i te tahi mau kōpuku i roto i te wini whakakahokaho ngota o ngā katote i hanga, he he atu tiaki pai, a tata ki a ratou i reira he irahiko i te taikaha.