1991 tukipoto: Take me faahopearaa

He he he hītori o te kāwanatanga Russian mo tetahi atu tau, e taea te huaina orurehau. A, no te te āhuatanga raruraru i roto i te whenua kino ake ki te rohe, i te taea ki te mahi, ara i roto i tona taiao tonu a Mikhail Gorbachev kore, a hanga ana e ia kaha ki te whakatau i te āhuatanga i roto i te whenua i te kaha, me te iwi i whiriwhiria e ia nei ki te hoatu i to ratou aroha, i reira ko he tahuritanga i 1991.

Ko nga kau taki tawhito o te kāwanatanga

He maha kau taki o te CPSU, i noho mahi hoki ki te whakahaere momo, mōhio e te whanaketanga hanganga āta arata'i ki te mate o to ratou kaha, engari e kaha nui ki te ārai i te whakahou mākete o te ōhanga Russian tonu ratou. I roto i tenei ara tamata ratou ki te ārai i te raruraru ōhanga.

Otiia, kihai i pera mana enei kau taki, e tikanga o te taparuraa arai te kaupapa manapori. Na anake te ara i roto i o tenei āhuatanga, e ki a ratou te titiro te tino pea - he āhua whakapuakina o whawhati tata. kihai i Aita e titau e, i roto i te hononga ki timata enei ngā 1991 tahuritanga.

Ko te tūnga rangirua o Mihaila Sergeevicha Gorbacheva, ranei tango i te kaiārahi

Ētahi kau taki momo noa tamata ki te hoatu te pēhanga ki runga ki Mikhail Gorbachev, nei i ki te parepare i waenganui i te ārahitanga tawhito me nga māngai o te ope manapori i roto i tona taiao tonu. Te reira i Yakovlev ko Shevardnadze. Tenei tūranga iu Mihaila Sergeevicha Gorbacheva arahina ki te meka i āta ngaro ia te tautoko o ngā taha e rua. Na hohoro timata ki te tomo mōhiohio e pā ana ki te tukipoto haere mai te press.

Mai i April ki Hōngongoi, i te whakarite Mikhail Gorbachev he kirimana, ka karanga "Novo-Ogarevo", i te mea i haere ki te ārai i te tiango o te Soviet Union. tikanga ia ki te whakawhiti i te nuinga o nga mana o te Federal Republic. Hōngongoi 29 i reira ko tetahi hui ki Gorbachev Nursultan Nazarbayev me Borisom Eltsinym. kōrero te reira i roto i te taipitopito te wahi matua o te kawenata, me te te displacement ū mai i o ratou tūranga o maha kau taki momo. A ka mohiotia ai ki te KGB. Ko te kupu, Kei te whiwhi i te hui piri ki te wā i roto i i ka mohiotia te hītori o te kāwanatanga Russian rite "te putsch August i roto i 1991".

I te he, me o ratou whakaritenga

Noatia, ko āwangawanga e pā ana ki te whakatau a Mikhail Sergeyevich te kaiārahi Communist Party. A i roto i tona hararei kua whakaritea e ki te whakamahi i te āhuatanga ki te whakamahi o te kaha. I roto i te ahua o te whakatupu he o maha tuakiri rongonui whai wāhi. Tenei Vladimir Kryuchkov, e i taua wa ko tiamana o te KGB, Gennadiy Ivanovich Yanaev, Dmitriy Timofeevich Yazov, Valentin Sergeevich Pavlov, Boris Karlovich Pugo, me te tini ke atu, e faanahonaho te tukipoto 1991.

Putsch August 18 tonoa ki Mikhail Sergeyevich, ko wai i runga i tau faafaaearaa i roto i te Crimea, he rōpū e tohu ana i te ngākau nuitanga o te he,. Na ka homai e ratou ki a ia ki o ratou titauraa: ki whakapuaki te āhua o te whawhati tata. Otira ka whakakahore Mikhail Gorbachev, karapotia e ratou tona noho, ka hatepea atu momo katoa o te kōrero.

Te kāwanatanga wā, ranei ngā tūmanako e kore e tutaki

Maranga wawe i te ata, i runga i August 19 i roto i te pane o Russia, e pā ana ki 800 waka Armoured, tahi e te ope o wha mano tangata i whakaurua. I roto i te pāpāho katoa ua faaite te reira i te pāpāho i hanga te Komiti Emergency State, a e riro ana ia ia i runga i mana katoa ki te faatere i te whenua. I tenei ra, kei te oho iwi ake, tahuri ki runga ki o ratou huinga TV, i taea e kite anake kapinga mutunga o te ori rongonui i huaina "Swan Lake." ko te ata o te Akuhata 1991 tahuritanga tenei.

Iwi te kawenga mō te e whakatakotoria, tohe e ko Mihail Sergeevich Gorbachev tino mate, me te poto taea ki te whakahaere i te āhua, me reira haere ona mana ki Yanayev, nei ko tumuaki tuarua-peresideni. tumanako ratou e he kua te iwi ngenge o te hanganga, ka hei ki runga ki te taha o te kāwanatanga hou, engari te amuiraa press whakaritea e ratou, te wahi i mahi ai ia Gennady Yanayev, e kore kua hanga te mana'o tika.

Yeltsin me ana kaitautoko

rahua timata 1991 tukipoto kua ngā putsch. kihai i te iwi e tango ratou taha. He tokomaha i whakapono ratou mahi ture. Rawa e i runga i August 19 i te hui, i tū ki waho i te Whare White, ngā Yeltsin te iwi. whakaaturia ana e ia e te āhuatanga i roto i te whenua, a hua i roto i te tukipoto-1991 - ko te tahuritanga.

Whakaahua o Boris Yeltsin, hanga i te wa o te korero i roto i mua o te iwi, kua whakaputaina, kua i roto i ngā nūpepa maha, ara nga whenua te uru. ko Boris Yeltsin te whakaaro rite ki te maha o ana tangata, nana tautoko tino tona tūranga.

Putsch 1991. poto e pā ana ki te ngā i tangohia e wahi i runga i August 20 i roto i Moscow

He maha nui o Muscovites ka mau ki nga ara i runga i August 20. E hiahiatia katoa o ratou ki te memeha i te tahuritanga. Te White House, te wahi i ia Boris me ana kaitautoko karapotia te kaiwawao (ranei, rite karanga ratou i te reira, whakakeke te tukipoto). hanga ana e ratou parepare, ka karapotia te whare, e kore e hiahia ki te hoki mai te tikanga tawhito.

I roto ia ratou i reira i na maha Muscovites, a tata te tae katoa o te intelligentsia. Ahakoa te rongonui Mstislav Rostropovich rawa rere i roto i i te United States ki te tautoko i to ratou iwi. Ko te putsch o Akuhata, 1991, nga take o nei - ki noa hoatu te hiahia o te kaiārahi momo ake ratou kaha, huihui he tokomaha nui o te iwi. Te nuinga o nga whenua tautoko i te hunga e awhina i te Whare White. Na päpäho noa atu nga ngā te kaipāho ārahi katoa.

Ko te kore o te e whakatakotoria, me te hoki mai o te peresideni

kua meinga Demonstration o taua tutu papatipu te whakatau tukipoto ki he paroro te whare o te Whare White, i whakaritea ratou ki e toru i roto i te ata. arahina tenei hui whakamataku ki te pārurenga neke atu i te kotahi. Otiia i roto i te whānui, i taka te tahuritanga. Mua, hoia, a tae noa te nuinga o te whawhai "Arepa" i pai ki te ahi i runga i tangata noa. I mauheretia te he, a ka kua hoki ora atu te peresideni ki te whakapaipai i whakakore i nga whakahau katoa o te tukipoto ko tino. Na 1991 mutu August tukipoto, te

Ko enei ra ke rawa nui te whakapaipai e kore anake, engari ano hoki i te whenua katoa. ka mau ēnei ngā wāhi he huringa tuwhena i roto i te aamu o whenua maha. mutu te Soviet Union ki te tīariari, me te mana tōrangapū o te kāwanatanga ki te anō. Ka rite ki te 1991 tukipoto, i runga i August 22 i roto i rallies Moscow i puritia ano, e tohu ana i te kaupapa manapori o te whenua. Ko ratou te iwi e mau ana i te kakahu o te hou tri-tae o te haki motu. ui Boris nga whanaunga o te hunga katoa i patua i roto i te whakapaenga o te White House murua, rite i taka reira ki te ārai i enei ngā fakamamahi. Otiia i runga i te katoa noho reira huru e mea hakari.

Ko te take mo te kore o te tukipoto, me te tiango whakamutunga o te kāwanatanga Communist

mutu te reira i te tahuritanga 1991. Ko te take i arahina ki tona kore, he tika kitea. Tuatahi o te katoa, te nuinga o te iwi e noho ana i roto i te āhua Russian, kore hiahia ki te haere hoki i roto i te wa o te stagnation. i faaite Tino nui matakana o te Pāti Communist. Ētahi atu take - i tenei mahi hawhe-ngakau o nga he, ia ratou. Na, i runga i te anga ke, tino pukuriri i runga i te wahi o nga ope manapori, tei faahoho'ahia i Boris Nikolaevich Eltsin, kua riro ia te tautoko i te papatipu maha o te iwi Russian kore anake, engari ano hoki i roto i nga whenua Western.

1991 tukipoto i kore anake nunu'a fakamamahi, engari kawea ano hoki te whenua huringa nui. Kua meinga e ia e taea ki te mau tonu te Soviet Union, a hoki ana ki te ārai i te horapa atu o te mana o te CPSU. Ngā mihi ki a Boris Nikolayevich hainatia te ture ki te whakatārewa ona ngā mahi i muri i kua rewa etahi wa i whakahaere Komsomol me Communist katoa puta noa i te kāwanatanga. He Whiringa 6 te whakatau i muri ngā kōrero rāhuitia ngā mahi Communist Party.

ngaahi nunu'a fakamamahi o te tukipoto Akuhata

Te he, ranei māngai o te Komiti Emergency, me te hunga e tautoko kaha ratou tūranga, i mauheretia tonu. tukua etahi o ratou tau i roto i te tūhuratanga whakamomori. kī 1991 putsch e rave rahi oraraa o tangata noa nei i haere mai ki te korero o te whare White House. Enei iwi i homai te taitara o Hero o te Soviet Union. Na o ratou ingoa ake ake i roto i te aamu o te kāwanatanga Russian. Te reira i Dmitry Komar, Ilya Krichevsky ko Vladimir Usov - māngai o Moscow tamarikitanga, e tu i roto i te ara o te neke waka Armoured.

Ko te mau ohipa o taua wā tonu kua whiti te wā o te ture hapori i roto i te whenua. ka kitea te tiango o te Soviet Union, a tautoko tino nga tini tūmatanui matua te tūranga o te ope manapori. kua taua kua te pānga i runga i te tahuritanga kāwanatanga puta. August 1991 taea humarie te whakaaro te wāhi e koi tahuri te hītori kāwanatanga Russian i roto i te aronga katoa rerekē. Ko reira i roto i tenei wā o te tonotono i stvergnuta nga tini, a ko te pai rawa o te nuinga i runga i te taha o te manapori me te haere noa. Kua tomo Russia te wā hou o te whanaketanga.