Ahurea Hainamana

A tawhio noa mai 1871, sociologists, tohunga tikanga, pūtaiao hanga whakarōpū rerekē o ngā ahurea, i, i roto i te mutunga, ka puta i roto i te hanganga puāwaitanga, ai te 164 tītohunga i roto i te taka tuatapaparaa o te taata i raro i te macroscopic tautuhinga o te ahurea. Tenei uniana o taonga rauemi, me te wairua, te kainga tupu o te tangata, i hanga i roto i te akoranga o tona whanaketanga o mua, me te pāpori. Rawa tata te pā reira ki te āhuatanga wairua, pērā i tuhinga, toi, pūtaiao, rapunga whakaaro.

ahurea Hainamana - Zhonghua Wenhua, tuku ano ki rite Huaxia Wenhua (Huaxia - te ingoa tawhito o te whenua) - he āhuatanga ahurei e tohu he huinga o ngā āhuatanga motuhake Hainamana: whakaaro, whakaaro, tirohanga, me ratou ahua i roto i te ora rā, tōrangapū, toi, tuhinga, peita , waiata, toi hōia, kai.

E toru ngā āhuatanga tino nui tohu reira - te onamata, haere tonutanga me te kātakí.

Ko e mo'oni, ko reira te matamua i roto i te aamu o te tangata, ngā neke atu i te 5,000 tau. ö te ahurea Hainamana te i ngā mātāpuna e toru: te ao awa Kōwhai, te nunaa o te Great awa (Yangtze), te ahurea steppe raki.

tonu te reira tonu mai i töna tïmatanga. I roto i te aamu ao, e rave rahi u'i nui, ahurea taonga rongonui, heoi kihai ora ki to tatou wa, pērā China.

awenga ke katoa feongoongoi whakaritea ki te ahurea Hainamana. I roto i te aamu o Haina kua kore i te pakanga nui-tauine i runga i te papa whenua fakalotú. E toru akonoanga (Buddhism, Ihirama, Karaitiana) e tohaina noa i runga i te rohe o te kingitanga.

Ko te ahurea o tenei whenua ki te whakarōpū ki te kāwai e whai ake nei: Elite, onamata, hou, me te iwi.

Elite ahurea Hainamana - he ahua o te kaupapa. Kei te whai pānga te reira ki tau rongonui i roto i te aamu o te whenua, nui ki tona whanaketanga e whai wāhi.

ahurea tahito o Haina, i te mea te wāhanga tino nui o te ahurea Hainamana i roto i te whānui, whakarōpūtia e te wā (whare ranei) mai i te kingitanga o nga dynasties e toru o Xia, Shang, Zhou me te aroaro o te tau 1840 (timatanga o te tuatahi mua War). i roto i te rārangi ki te āhuatanga angamaheni ano: ko te iho Chinese o Tuhiwhakairo, peita, waiata, opera, mātauranga, rapunga whakaaro, ohaoha, pūtaiao, tōrangapū, me te pera i runga i.

No te whakatupuranga, whakaae nga kairangahau e te mana ōhanga hou o te whenua, tei runga i te meka e Haina i roto i nga wa onamata i taea e ki te waihanga me te whakaora i te ahurea nui, whakawhetai ki te hapori maha-iwi te wahi i reira he pūmautanga me te au maite.

I roto i Haina, te kāinga ki ngā iwi 56, ia o ratou he ona ake, wā-whakahonoretia, me te ahurea. Folk waiata, kanikani, ngā tikanga me ngā whakapono, ngā pūrākau me ngā pakiwaitara, toi me te hoahoanga.

tuwhatuwhaia wātaka ahurea Ancient, me te hou timata mua War i waenganui i te Emepaea o Peretānia me Haina i roto i te kingitanga o te Qing whare (1636-1911). Taumata i roto i te whakarōpūtanga hāngai ki te timatanga o te hītori hou o te whenua, i reira ko te wa tuatahi i te pokanoa i roto i ona take ā-i āhua ke.

ahurea Hainamana nāianei - he "tamaiti o toto whakauru," he tahi "mātauranga" me ngā tikanga Western.

He aha te mea te quintessence o te ahurea Hainamana?

1. Tuatahi o te katoa, ko reira te matatika Confucian, i titiro nei te rite te faaiteraa teitei o te ahurea Hainamana. Whānui e whakamahia ana i roto i te kaupapa pou-Confucian me Confucian ko te whakamāramatanga matarohia o "Lee".

"Li" Ko e kore te ahanoa motuhake, engari he whakaaro waitara, e pā ana ki tetahi o nga mahi pāpori fakamāmaní o te ora rā, e te mea rite ki te whakaaro Western te ariā o "ahurea". Tenei pāpori tikanga, ngā tikanga, ngā kōrero tuku iho, ngā ritenga me tikanga. He mea nui ki te mōhio e ahakoa te kupu "ki te" whakamaoritanga ko rite "karakia", te mea he tikanga motuhake i roto i te Confucianism (rite te ātete ki te uara fakalotu mua). I roto i te Confucianism e whakaaro mahi i roto i te ora ia tikanga. e kore e ratou tika i ki kia whakaritea, engari he mea i te tikanga noa, i tuhia ai, mahi mīhini i mahi, te tahi mea e te iwi hinengaro pohehe ranei whai wāhi i roto i roto i to ratou ora noa. Tikanga ( "Lee") ka whakarite i te hapori hauora, i te mea tetahi o nga whāinga matua o te Confucianism.

2. ariā Basic e pā ana ki te āhua o te iwi, whakatakoto Mencius, e kī e reira ko te pai tumu o kounga tangata, e hiahia anake te hapori pānga pai.

3. Ko te parau haapiiraa o te aroha ao Mo Tzu.

4. Tao ko Te - rua Ngaahi Tefito'i Mo'oni o Philosophy o Lao-tzu.

5. Ko nga whakaaro o te āhua o te Han Fei.

i whakawhanakehia enei ariā katoa e hāngai ana i runga i nga kitenga o te exclusiveness o te tangata, me te āhua. Culture pae varua o Haina mai i te whānuitanga o ngā tikanga taumauri me wä. A, no te te whare tuatahi i roto i te ora karakia nui tākiekina shamanism. Ana whakaaro awe faaiteraa i muri ahurea pērā i te fifi o tupuna, me te kaupapa tūturu.