Aleksey Yakovlevich Kapler: kōrero ora me te haurongo

Kapler Aleksey Yakovlevich - Soviet screenwriter, kaiwhakaari, kaiwhakahaere me te kaipāho. I whanau ia i roto i te utuafare o te kaipakihi Hurai taonga, me te, anga ke ki nga hiahia o tona papa, ka anga ia e mahi ana i runga i te atamira. I faataahia ia ki te riro i te tamahine aroha tuatahi Stalina Svetlany Alliluevoy me te aroha whakamutunga wahine toikupu pūmanawa Yulia Druninoy. Tona "Cinema" i roto i te whakaaturanga tino rongonui TV o te pouaka whakaata Soviet, me kiriata i runga i nei mahi ia, he masterpieces o te pikitia motu.

Birth me te whānau

I whanau Aleksey Yakovlevich Kapler i runga i Mahuru 28, 1903 (rite ki ētahi atu puna - 1904) i roto i te Kiev, he whānau Hurai rawa. I whanau i hoatu e ia te ingoa o Raharuhi, engari i muri ke ia i te reira. Ko te papa o te tamaiti te kaka rongonui Kiev Kapler Yakov Naftalievich. I roto i tona studio, kei roto i te akona, taka ake te hapori tiketike katoa o te whakapaipai Ukrainian. Kapler masterly tuia e kakahu o tetahi whīwhiwhi. riro ana tauira runga paraihe i whakaaturanga ao. I tua atu ki te studio, puritia James Naftalievich tetahi o te pai i roto i Kiev pati institution, te wahi i reira taea e kore anake ki whakamahana ake, engari kauhoe ano i roto i te poka tango i te ua mana ranei. ko te taonga kaka anaanatae hoki whare arumoni, i tukua e ia ki waho i te hotera "Hiona" a tae noa te whare karakia iti.

weriweri hoki whare tapere

tumanako Yakov Kapler me tana wahine Raisa Zaharevna e ka haere Raharuhi i roto i ngā tapuwae o tona papa, ka haere tonu i te pakihi whānau. Heoi, hoha'a te mahi e pā ana ki iti o ratou tama. Hoki i roto i te kura nui ia tino hiahia i roto i toi whare tapere, ka anga ka ki moemoea e pā ana ki te tikanga whakakapi. Fakataha ki hoa i te kura, ka oma atu, huna i muri rakau tupuria i runga i nga pareparenga o te Dnieper, i korero ana ia i te tākaro Kapler Aleksey Yakovlevich. kawea atu ana tamariki mahi na nui e i roto i 1917, i muri tonu i te revolution, whakaturia e ratou o ratou ake whare tapere iti i huaina "Harlequin". i whakahaere kē tama a kaka ki te huri i te ingoa, ka tahuri ki a Alexis. Ki te hoa tamarikitanga pai Grishka Kozintsev ko Serozhey Yutkevichem, nei i muri ka whika o pikitia Soviet pai-mohiotia, whakakitea Alexei Kapler kaimätakitaki karetao whakaatu i runga i rotarota o Pushkin.

Ko te kaupae tuatahi i runga i te atamira

mohio Beginners mummers e i roto i Kiev, e kore ratou e taea te whakatutuki i te rongonui o te moe, a hohoro faaoti ratou ki te neke ki mua. Here i roto i te 1921, Kapler, Yutkevich Kozintsev ka pumau te wheketere o te kaiwhakaari rereke (FEKS) ki i honoa Leonid Trauberg hohoro. Ko faufaa rerekē i ngā puāwaitanga ngā i roto i te whare tapere hou. Ngā Kiev kaiwhakaari ki tonu whakakatakata, circus tinihanga tau, me te momo, hua i roto i te ngākau tūmatanui tere.

Kapler Aleksey: mahi o kaiwhakaari me te mahi a te kaiwhakahaere

I muri i te tau torutoru i roto i te Waea o, Lucy Kapler (rite Alexei hoa ka karanga) i ki te unu i te rua ngā kiriata. Ko te "Ferris Wheel", hanga i roto i te tau 1926, ka e ia he tūranga auau, me te tata äta. I roto i te taua tau, i te taitamariki kaiwhakaari e te whakatangihanga a te tangata nui i roto i Gogol o "Te kōti waho." I muri i oti te mahi i runga i te kiriata, whakama Kapler i roto i te tikanga whakakapi. hiahia ia ki te waihanga i ō rātou ake kiriata, e kore faahiti manene i tuhituhia tuhinga tūranga.

I te tau 1927 ka whakatutehu ia ki Odessa me mahi hei kaiwhakahaere rongonui kaiāwhina Alexander Dovzhenko kiriata "Arsenal". Heoi, he haere roa ki te kaiāwhina hao kihai i taea e Aleksey Yakovlevich Kapler. I roto i te tau 1930, haere atu ia i rite te kaiwhakahaere tana kiriata tuatahi, "te matau o te wahine", me te tau e whai ake nei whakaputaina e ia tona hurori tuarua o te kiriata "oku he 12-28." Ko Lyusyu Kaplera inoino kawa i roto i te taonga: opani te mana Soviet ki te whakaatu mahi e rua a tona kaiwhakahaere. I roto i tenei take, i te kiriata whakaaturia "te matau o te wahine" i ino no te mea o te meka e tona huru matua mahue tana tahu, i haukotia ia ki ako i te'inisititiutí.

Ko te taenga mai o te angitu

I muri i te kanga kihai i hoatu e kiriata ake Kapler Aleksey Yakovlevich. whakaatu tona haurongo i ko ia he tangata o tino hihiri, me te varavara e ngoikore hoki tūturu. Ka rahua i roto i te aratai, timata Kapler ki te ako i te tikanga o te screenwriter. I roto i tenei mara o Alexey Yakovlevich tatari angitu inä. Hoki ana screenplays mo te kiriata "Lenin i Oketopa" me "Lenin i 1918" i roto i te 1941, i whakawhiwhia e ia te whaimana Stalin paraihe. I muri mai ko Kapler tetahi o nga kaituhi Soviet tino rongonui. Kua mahi ia i runga i taua kiriata rite "Kotovsky", "hoki te whakaaturanga o te toa tari", "rere Whakahekeheke", "ika whenua te tangata", "Te Bird Blue" me pera i runga i. D.

Ko te timatanga o te whawhai, te whakaminenga ki a Svetlanoy Alliluevoy

I roto i nga tau 30 o te tāmitanga Stalinist tukua reira he maha nui o ngā māngai o te intelligentsia Soviet, heoi kihai ratou i pa ki Kapler. Riro mai he tohu kāwanatanga whaimana, ka e ia tetahi o te torutoru nei i taea te huaina te aroha nei o te waimarie. Otiia kihai i muri i te reira roa. I te timatanga o te Pakanga nui Patriotic haere Alexey Y. ki te mua rite te kaituhi whawhai. I roto i te Whiringa 1942, ka hoki ia ki a Moscow, a ka karangatia ki a Vasily tama a Stalin ki te rōpū whakatapua ki te huritau o te Oketopa Revolution. I tae te hui i te tamahine-tau 16-tau o te rangatira o nga iwi katoa o Svetlana Alliluyeva. Screenwriter, nei i kua tahuri 39 tau, i te kuru i runga i te kotiro, a ka mea ia ki a ia i roto i te hokinga mai. Heoi, ki te whakatau i te tamahine o te taua tangata nui-rangatira kore i ngāwari. kore te marama ka haere i roto o te whare Lolá, ka akina atu te kaituhi i ki te pei ia ki ngā whakaaturanga, pikitia, me ngā whare taonga i raro i te te tirotiro o nga kaitiaki.

Hoki taitamariki Alliluevoy Roma ki Kapler ko te mana'o nui tuatahi, hoki i ko ia pai ki te patunga tapu katoa e kua ia. Alexei Yakovlevich i mua i te whakaminenga ki a Svetlana i muri kotahi e pā ana me rua faaipoiporaa tivira. I te 1921-1930 tau ko ia faaipoipo ki te kaitapere wahine Tatyane Tarnovskoy. tupu ia i tenei marena ake te tama a Anatoly. I muri i te whakarere, noho ia mo te wa ki tona hoa Tatiana Zlatogorovoy, na i roto i te hononga ki te kaitapere Galinoy Sergeevoy. Ko te iti rawa hoki Kapler totoro me, hinga tino kororia o te hero-aroha ia i roto i te aroha ki te tamahine a Stalin. Ia ngana pai tenei wahine tano, me te mātauranga, me te kore e taea e ia tetahi mea ki a ratou mau mana'o.

hopu

kihai i Alexei Kapler me Svetlana Alliluyeva Ya kite i te rerekētanga tau me ite ore oaoa. i tino harakore ratou toronga onge, engari Stalin, ka ako e pā ana ki te tamahine a te tāne pakeke, ka haere mai ki te riri. I ana whakahau i roto i te 1943. i hopukina Kapler me te whakapanga o te tutei mo te Basileia United. I te utu teka, i whiua ia ki te 5 tau i roto i te whare herehere, ka tonoa ki te i Vorkuta mahi tona whiu. riro Svetlana ano i tona papa, he porangi nui, me te tau i muri mai ka moea e te hoa o tona teina Gregory Morozov. Neke atu i te te ora, ko Svetlana 5 tangata e pā ana, engari e kore e te mahara o te tangata o ratou i roto i ana pukapuka ki taua mahanahana, rite tona aroha tuatahi Kapler.

ora herehere, te aroha hoki Valentine Tokarski

I roto i te Vorkute Aleksey noho rawa oaoa. Ko te wātene ki aroha mo te kiriata rongonui, a tukua ki a ia waiho te whare herehere pa. mahi Aleksey Yakovlevich Kapler i te taiwhanga whakaahua rohe, a i roto i tona wa e manawapa tuhituhi e ia he rota, me te whakaaro e pā ana ki te ora. I roto i te Vorkuta, tutaki ia ki te kaitapere wahine rongonui Soviet Valentina Tokarski, nei i te tavini i te kupu mo te meka e i te timatanga o te whawhai i riro e te Tiamana me, ki ora, kua whakaae ki te mahi ki a ratou. I roto i te whakarau, ka ui te kaituhi ia ki te marena ia ia, ka riro te whakaae o te whakahoki. marama Tokarskaya ia ara unuhia te wiki herehere Alexei Yakovlevich i o te koropiko, ka te kau o hepohepo rahi, tamata ia kia whakamatea ia.

I roto i te 1948 mutu rerenga Kapler. kaha kore tohutohu ia ki te hoki atu ki Moscow, ka noho atu i Alliluyeva. Alexey Y. a kihai i whakaaro ki te titiro hoki hui ki te tamahine a Stalin, engari faaoti ki te haere ki te pane, ki te roto o reira ki te haere ki Kiev ki te haere ki tona matua. A, no te ko ia i roto i Moscow, i hopukina ano ia, a ano i tonoa tetahi atu take fabricated ki te puni i roto i te kainga o Inta. kihai i tenei wa Kapler i tetahi ara. Fakataha ki te atu herehere, mahi pakeke ia i roto i te aku. te aroha anake mo te toenga o Vorkuta Valentine Tokarski i āwhina ora ia i te wa pakeke. Hāngai ana ki te wahine aroha ia, i whakapono ia e ka tae mai i te ra ina ka ratou e tahoê-ake.

Hui ki a Julia Druninoy

I te tau 1953 ka mate ia Iosif Stalin, ko Kapler, rite kinongia ana te nuinga o te iwi ki a ia, i tukua materoto. Kia kore utu, me te Tokarskaya. Tae i roto i Moscow, rēhitatia i aroha he tono ki te kairēhita, a hohoro waiho te wahine mōhiohio. tīmata ano Alexey Y. tuhi hōtuhi, i karangatia tana wahine ki te whetu i roto i te kiriata. Otiia e kore e te oaoa i roto i to ratou utuafare i haere mai. I te tau 1954, i karangatia te Kapler-tau 50-tau ki te whakaako i nga Kōhi Higher o ngā kaituhi hōtuhi i te Union o Cinematographers. Ko tētahi o ana ākonga ko te taitamariki, engari kua pai-mohiotia wahine toikupu Yulia Drunina. kihai i utu, me te mo te wa roa e ngana ana ki te mahi ki ohorere nei ona mana'o ki a ratou rua i te wa o te aroha. Otiia riro te aroha, me te i roto i 1960, i whakarerea ki tona hoa, Alexei Kapler ko Julia Drunina marenatia.

Mō te kaituhi pūrākau me pehe mea katoa o Moscow. kihai i te hunga i aroha i taata huna ana mana'o, mohio kore rohirohi ia atu i roto i te aroha, me te puta tahi ngā tūmatanui katoa. Drunina tane kanga maha rotarota ataahua, a ia hoki nga tau i ora ai a ki a ia, i tuhituhi tona hōtuhi pai.

Jobs i roto i te tāpare

I te 1966 ka haere ia ki te mahi i te kaiwhakataki TV i roto i te hōtaka "Cinema" Aleksey Yakovlevich Kapler (whakaahua i te huinga i raro nei). tu e ia i roto i roto i tona hoa. Ahakoa, kanapa, me te whai mana, e kore i Kapler tai'o te kuputuhi i runga i te pepa, a kihai i hanga i te mata nui i roto i mua o te kāmera. I improvising ia, e mea ana e te aha ratou whakaaro, a kahore e wehi ki te ui i te mau uiraa manuhiri kore rawa hāneanea i roto i te taiwhanga. riro Alexey Y. te tino ārahi ki mirioni o te iwi Soviet. Tona "Cinema" titiro noa te hunga e whai iti moni i roto i te pikitia. Ko te rangatira motuhake o te hōtaka i te reira i mua i 1972

mate

Alexei Kapler ko Julia Drunina Kua marenatia hoki 19 nga tau. Kia aroha mai, i kore i tahi ratou tamariki. Ko te tau whakamutunga o tona ora i tukua te kaituhi i te mate pukupuku, mate ia i nei Mahuru 11, 1979, i te aroaro o ratou mahana fanauraa i muri iti iho i te marama. tanumia Alexey Y. i te rohe o te urupā Starokrymsky, kei runga i te pukepuke Kuzgun-takahi i roto i te Crimea. Tenei ko te urupa Yulii Druninoy, e mate i roto i 1991.