Alexander Radishchev - kaituhi, rohi pehe: biography, auaha

i ora ai Alexander Radishchev he ora poto ngā - i whanau i roto i te 1749 (August 31), a mate i roto i 1802 (Mahuru 12). Ko ia te tamaiti tuatahi i roto i te whānau rangatira taonga - tona koroua Athanasius Prokopievich tetahi rangatira whare nui.

tamarikitanga hari

he tau wawe i roto i te whare o tona papa i roto i Nemtsov kainga e pā ana ki Borovsky County Kaluga kawanatanga. Ko te whānau tata-noho kotahi nei, te mau metua - iwi pai-mātauranga. Matua, e korero e rave rahi reo, tae atu Latin, i mahi ia ki tana tama. Boy ko te tino o tona whaea. Ka rite ki i whakatuwheratia ai i roto i te mau utuafare rangatira, i whakaako ia i te kāinga - ako tamariki te reo Russian o te pukapuka fakalitūsia - Psalter me te Buka o Haora, ki te ako reo ke, te nuinga French, he kaiako karangatia. e kore te mea waimarie Little Alexander - i roto i te ahua o te kaiako o te reo Wīwī ki a ratou i utua hoia tangata haereere.

Basics o te mātauranga pai

I roto i te 1955 whakatuwheratia Moscow University, a tonoa Alexander Radishchev ki Moscow, ki te matua keke taketake Mr. Argamakovu whaea nohoia nei teina i te pou o Kaiwhakahaere (1955 -1957 tau). A hoatu ana e ia te tika ki ngā tamariki Argomakovyh ko Sasha Radishchev i te kāinga ki te riro te matauranga i raro i te arata'iraa o ahorangi me ngā kaiako o te hākinakina i te whare wānanga. I tau i whakaaetia 13 Aleksandr Radischev ki te whārangi i roto i te pikitanga ki te torona i roto i te 1762, Catherine II, ka tono tangata hoki whakangungu atu i roto i te Corps o Whārangi - i taua wa te institution mātauranga tino whaimana o te Russian Empire, te wahi i ako ia i 1762 ki te 1766 tau.

tau wānanga

I whai taonga ia, ka heke i te utuafare pai tawhito, ka tino nui, ko te ākonga pai, a ko te tino uaua. Na reira, ka whakaritea e Catherine ki te tukua atu ki waho i te rōpū o rangatira taitamariki o 12 iwi, i roto nei i 6 whārangi, ko tetahi o te tuatahi i runga i te rārangi ko Alexander Radishchev. I roto i Leipzig, ka haere ia ki te ako tika ture. Heoi, motu ke i te pūtaiao whakahauanga me i roto i-hohonu ako o reo whakaaetia nga ākonga i ki te whakatau, me te ato'a ki ētahi atu ihi. whiriwhiria A. N. Radischev akomanga anō rongoa me matū, i roto i nei, kia rite i roto i te reo, he tino i muri. E rima nga tau poto i roto i Leipzig, i ki tonu i te akoranga, me te kupu ka A. N. Radischev tetahi o nga tangata tino mātauranga o tona wa, a kahore anake i roto i Russia. I reira, ki waho, ka timata ia ki te tuhituhi. He mana'o tonu i roto i te tau i hanga reira auhoaraa ki Ushakov, nei ko te iti pakeke, whakaaro me te ake mātauranga Arehanera, me te mate o te tahi atu. I roto i tona mahara i tuhituhi Radischev Aleksandr Nikolaevich te wahi e pera-ka karanga e "Life o Fedora Vasilevicha Ushakova."

Tau o tona ora i roto i Russia i muri i te hokinga mai

I tona hokinga mai i te 1771 A. N. Radischev ki tona hoa tomo Mikhail Kutuzov te mahi i roto i St Petersburg kaumatua, te wahi kihai i mahi ratou mo te wa roa mō te maha o ngā take. Mai i ki waho hoki Radishchev freethinker. I te 1773 ka tomo ia te kaitohutohu ture ki te tari matua o te wehenga Finnish, kei roto i Saint Petersburg, i reira haere atu ia i roto i 1775. Ko te wa Pugachev tutu me tona pehanga. I roto i enei tau, i mahi Radischev Aleksandr Nikolaevich e rave rahi huriraa, tae atu "Ngaahi Fakakaukau ki hītori Kariki," Bonnot de Mably. āta radishchev reira te riroraa tetahi o te iwi tino whakatapua a ahu whakamua e whakaaro te kino autocracy Russian matua me te serfdom. I muri tūranga A. marenatia N. Radischev te tuahine o te hoa ki nei ako ia i roto i Leipzig. I te 1777 ka tomo ia te St Petersburg Customs, te wahi mahi ia tae noa ki 1790, me te dosluzhivaetsya ki te pou o tona kaiwhakahaere. I reira i hanga e ia hoa ki Kaute A. R. Vorontsovym, ko wai e tautoko i te philosopho Russian me whakaaro noa i roto i te whakahekenga atu i roto i Siberia.

Ko te hua matua o te ora

Ahakoa i roto i te 1771, ka kite matou i te marama o te mau irava tuatahi o te mahi matua, i tuhituhia e Alexander Radishchev. "Journey i St Petersburg ki Moscow" i whakaputaina vahe takitahi i roto i te St. Petersburg "Painter" makasini. I roto i nga 80-90s o te rau tau XVIII i roto i Europe reira ko te faateiteiraa pāpori rerekē nui, revolution, tuatahi i roto i te United States, ka i roto i France aru tetahi i muri i tetahi. Te tango painga o te āhuarangi pai mo te whakatairanga o te whakaaro o te haere noa, tīmata Radishchev i te whare tā kāinga (i reira Marata Street), ka i roto i Mei 1790, 650 kape o nga toka he pukapuka. "He reta ki te hoa" mua, i whakaputaina i te tikanga taua. Ko wai e kore he mōhio ki te parau "Ae, te reira te tutu kino atu Pugachev!" Faahitihia e te vaha Catherine II i muri i te pānui i tēnei wahi. Ko te putanga o taua mea, i herea A. N. Radischev i te Pita me Paora pourewa, ka whiua ki te mate. Na ka kua whakakapia te "atawhai" Empress tona whakaraua-tau 10 i roto i Siberia, ki fakamasiva o te taitara o rangatira, nga whakahau katoa, me ka ūhia kāwanatanga.

Ko te pukapuka o te Mea atu-Tale

Pukapuka numinumi kaituhi ki te kia whakangaromia. Ko kape puta Radishchev, hohoro hokona atu, pera i maha kape i hanga ki a ratou e tukua A. S. Pushkinu ki kī he meka: "! Radishchev - te hoariri o te pononga - i mawhiti te aukatinga". Na pea, ka kōrero i te pehe nui Russian ki te meka e ka titiro te tu re, i roto i te pukapuka, faaoti ahau e he he aratohu ki te pa tenei, kia rite ki ngā reira te kainga kei te taha o te ara. Ahakoa ki te kua ora 70 taua rārangi. Katahi A. S. Suvorinym riro i roto i te 1888 whakaaetanga ki te whakaputa i 100 kape o tenei pukapuka, mahara ana anake hoki connoisseurs me te hunga i aroha o te tuhinga Russian. He aha te pukapuka kia riri marama Empress? whakaahua ana te pūrākau i te mamae o te serfdom,, i roto i te tua, kei he ora pakeke mīharo o te peasants te pukapuka te faahaparaa tika o te tsarism. Well i tuhituhia, ki tonu i te parau waihā atamai, ka kore e kore e waiho te tangata tau'a. ngā reira "Liberty" me "Kupu e pā ana ki Lomonosov". Ae, a ehara i te mea noa tenei autocracy taua puaretanga.

swinger hē

Radishchev, nei mahi, rotarota, Ngā tuhinga whakapae taumauri, odes, tae atu "Liberty", i reira tahuna me mira pepa whenua, e noho ana i roto i Ilim whare herehere. Otiia i konei i haamanahia oia e Kaute Vorontsov ako te ora o nga tangata taketake o Siberia, te ara hokohoko i roto i nga rohe o te raki o te whenua nui, me te taea o te hokohoko ki Haina. Ko konei ia, ara i roto i tona ake hari. I roto i te whare herehere ki te mea i tuhituhia i te rota o mahi whakamiharo, a ki a ia (ka ko ia he ivi) haere mai ki tona tuahine-i roto i-ture, i roto i te tikanga ki te marama ake te mo'emo'e o tona whakaraua. Ko wai kake ki te torona o Paora ahau, ko wai i kino tona whaea, ka hoki ahau philosopho tawainga, engari kahore te tika ki te puta i te kohanga whānau ki Nemtsov. Alexander ahau i hoatu e kore anake A. N. Radischevu herekore oti, engari karangatia ano hoki ia ki te mahi i roto i te waihanga o ture ki te Komihana.

Whakamomori inattention mate ranei

e kore kua hono ke whakaaro o te kaituhi, me te tango wahi i roto i te waihanga o ture, Alexander Radishchev, biography he ki tonu i te rere-mai ki te mana e kia, kua oti te tuhituhi e ia "kaupapa ulozhenija ohaoha." Ua faaite te reira i te whakaaro o te taurite o te katoa ki te aroaro o te ture, e pā ana ki te hiahia mo te haere noa o te reo, me te pēhi, me ētahi atu "whakaaro noa" e na riri te peresideni o te Komihana Count P. V. Zavadskogo e whakawehi ana ia te kaituhi o tetahi whakaraua i Siberia. Ahakoa ko whakatupehupehu hahani, ranei raru whakaaro hopea tukua, a ka faaoti tino hauora, ahakoa he reira te tahi mea whakamataku rawa i ite i roto i te whakarau, engari ka haere mai A. N. Radischev whare, i kawa ia e tango paihana. Tino pouri kōrero. Heoi, i reira ko tetahi putanga e whakaatu ana i te pa o te tangata nui o tona wa, wairua - kihai i haere ia ki te mahi i te whakamomori, a i te hape inu ki te ata iho, tu i roto i te titiro karaihe o vodka. A ko reira te "regia kori" whakamate ki te tangata, ka tunua, ka mahue ki te tama mātāmua a te kaituhi mo te faaho'iraa mai o te epaulettes tawhito. Tino pouri kōrero.

Ko te tangata pai, me te nui

I roto i ona mahi, i āwangawanga e pā ana ki te take, me te mātauranga A. N. Radischev. Kei te whakaaro ia ki te kaiwhakarewa o te matatika pāhoro Russian me rerehua, me te ako. Āpiti atu ki te rangahau nui, Ngā tuhinga whakapae taumauri, te riri tsarism me serfdom Radishchev, he ki tonu i te aroha mo te iwi, me te āhua nei rotarota, a tuhituhi waiata o ngā tamariki, i ngā whiti rorirori, kupu ngaro, whakaaro ia ngā kēmu me ngā whakataetae.

E ko, aroha ora te tangata, engari hiahia ki te mea ataahua ki te iwi katoa kihai i i ha'iriiri serfdom tangata i roto i Russia. tuhinga pai i runga i A. N. Radischeve tuhituhi A. S. Pushkin.