Mikhail Bulgakov: mahi. Rārangi o mahi ki ngā rā

I teie mahana, korero matou ki a koutou e pā ana ki te ora, me te mahi o te rohi pehe rongonui me Pilitānia Mikhail Bulgakov, te rārangi o ngā hua e e kitea e koe i te mutunga o te tuhinga.

whanau tenei tangata i May 3, 1891 i roto i Kiev. i pai-mātauranga tona matua me te iwi mohio. mahi tona whaea rite te kaiako i roto i tōmua, ka puta i te papa Theological Academy whakaako i ngā whare mātauranga. I te mutunga o 1893 ka anga ia ki te mahi i nga mau ohipa o te tu re rohe Kiev, i roto i ko te aukatinga o tuhinga, e kore anake Russian, engari ano hoki i roto i ētahi atu reo. Ko rima tamariki i whānau a Michael.

ako

ako Bulgakov i roto i te tuatahi Alexander Gymnasium, i i te taumata tiketike o te mātauranga, me te i roto i 1909 tomo te kura hauora Kiev University. Na, i roto i 1914, te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao. I roto i te 1916, i muri i tu'ite, mahi te kaituhi i mua nei i roto i te hōhipera mara i roto i Cherepovets me Kamenetz-Podolsk. I roto i Mahuru o te taua tau i haamana'o ia i te mua, ka tonoa ki te upoko i te hōhipera tuawhenua kei roto i te kawanatanga o Smolensk.

wā Vyazemskij

I roto i te 1917, i whakawhitia Bulgakov ki Vyazma. Ka kitea tēnei whanganga ora kei roto i te hanga i hanga, "Notes o te kuao tākuta" i roto i te tau 1926. Ko te mahi o Bulgakov, homai te rārangi o nei te raro, e kore e taea ki te whakaaro, kahore i te whakahua o tenei mahi. Ko te protagonist o tona - he tākuta pūmanawa, he kaimahi faitotonu, maha tiaki iwi i roto i ngā āhuatanga ngali Aue, ko mātu'aki 'ilo o te ati o peasants ite ore i Smolensk kainga turi, me te mana'o kahakore ki te huri i tetahi mo te pai.

revolution

whawhati te Revolution te ara ritenga whakarihariha a te ora. I roto i te tuhinga roa "Kyiv-City" (1923), faaite te kaituhi tona whakaaro e pā ana ki reira. tuhipoka ia e ki te huringa hou ri'ari'a a kitea rawatia ake "ka haere mai te aamu." Bulgakov watea i te whawhai i muri i te Oketopa Revolution, ka hoki ia ki a Kiev, i hohoro i nohoia e te hōia Tiamana. Here timata te kaituhi rumakina i roto i te wanawana i o te Pakanga Civil. Ko te mahi a Bulgakov, te rārangi o nei homai te raro, ngā te hanganga o enei tau.

Bulgakov - tākuta

Mai ko Mr Mikhail he tākuta pai, i hiahiatia ana ratonga, me ia me te tahi atu rōpū e whawhai. Ahakoa ko ia i roto i tetahi āhuatanga tonu pono ki te mau mana'o tahatai i roto i tona ngakau āta timata ki te whakapiki ake i inoino ki te nanakia o Pakeha me Petlurites muri kitea i roto i te kōrero o "Po i te toru o nga tau" me "rere" i roto i te pūrākau "Te White Guard" me whakaari "Rere" me "ra o kapohau." Pono te raveraa i ohipa hauora, Bulgakov i te mutunga o 1919, ka e ia he kaiwhakaatu ta'e'ilo ki hara nanakia i roto i Vladikavkaz. Fakafisi ki te tango i te wahi i roto i tenei whawhai, i roto i te tīmatanga o 1920, rihaina ia i te ope o Denikin Bulgakov. Works, he rārangi o e e kitea e koe i roto i tenei tuhinga, kotahi te ara ranei whakaata i tetahi enei me ētahi atu kōrero haurongo.

mahi tuhi

Mr Mikhail ake whakatau ki te waiho i ana akoranga i roto i te rongoa me ki te tīmata mahi tuhituhi mā te tuhi tuhinga mō nūpepa rohe. Tona kōrero tuatahi, oti ia i roto i te ngahuru o 1919. I roto i te hotoke o 1919-1920 i tuhituhia reira e rave rahi kōrero arearea me kōrero. I roto i tetahi o ratou, "Tribute ki faahiahia," parau te aamu o pakanga ara e kua puta i roto i te Pakanga Civil me te Revolution i Kiev.

whakaari tapere

Bulgakov i mua tata mutu White i Vladikavkaz, tino mate ki paipa kirika. whakahokia mai e ia i roto i te puna o 1920, ka i nohoia kē te Army Whero te pa. Mai reira, ka anga te kaituhi ki te mahi tahi ki te komiti pāhoro, he wawaetanga o nga toi, tuhituhi hoki te Ingush me te tākaro piu Ossetian, whakaata ana whakaaro i runga i te revolution. Ko ratou anake i te rōpū, kotahi-ra, a ka hanga te nuinga i roto i te tikanga ki te ora i roto i te mau taime fifi. kitea Vladikavkaz Bulgakov ongo i roto i tona pūrākau rongonui "nota i runga i te Holy."

Moving ki Moscow

Tuatahi i roto i te Tbilisi, a ka i roto i Batumi Bulgakov ki te whai wāhi kimi oranga. Otiia i mohio ia i ia ki te kia tata ki te iwi i tenei wa uaua mo te whenua. Na reira, i roto i te 1921, oho Bulgakov ki Moscow. Mai te puna o 1922, puta wā te tuhinga i raro i tona Kaituhitanga i roto i ngā hautaka Moscow me nūpepa. Ko te tuhinga roa Sapphire me pānui kitea nga āhuatanga matua o te hapori pou-hou. Ko te ahanoa matua o te pūhohe tuhituhi e nouveaux taonga-nepmen, i karangatia e ia "te waikura o te nép" (poto kōrero "Cup o Life" me "Trillioner"), me te he taumata iti o te ahurea o ngā mema o te taupori: kaihokohoko mākete, noho o Moscow hapori, bureaucrats kaimahi me ētahi atu. Mr Mikhail tuhipoka me ngā āhuatanga o te wā hou. I roto i tetahi o ana tuhinga i reira te tamaiti ko te ākonga (rite te tohu o ngā hou), e haere ana me te huarahi ki te putea hou.

"Ko e Hua Fatal"

"Ko e Hua Fatal" whakaputaina i roto i te 1924, Bulgakov. Works, te rārangi o nei homai te raro, e kore e taea ki te whakaaro, kahore i te whakahua o tenei kōrero. i hiki Ko tōna mahi ki te heke mai pohewa tawhiti, atu ïa, i roto i te tau 1928. Na ka ka kitea hua nép, tae atu i te ara kaha i roto i te paerewa o te ora o te taupori. Pītiti, te hero matua o te kōrero, kua hanga, he kitea nui e taea kawea painga nui ki te tangata. Otiia i roto i nga ringa o te, iwi āhua-matatau whakakake, ki te taero mäharahara ana, puawai i roto i te Communism whawhai me atu whakakaha i roto i nga tau o te nép tona tūranga, te tenenga ko te ati. pītiti kore anake, engari ano hoki tata katoa nga marohirohi o ngā pukapuka kore Bulgakov 20. I roto i nga mahi o Bulgakov rapu ia ki te kawe i ki te kaipānui te whakaaro o te unavailability o te hapori hou ki te farii i te mau parau tumu hou o whanaunga e hāngai ana i runga i te whakaute mō te mahi, te matauranga, me te ahurea.

"Rere" me "ra o kapohau"

I roto i te whakaari "Flight" me "ra o kapohau" (1925-1928 tau), tuhituhi te kaituhi te meka e nga mana ngā katoa i roto i te Pakanga Civil e kaikiri ki pūkenga. Ko te pūāhua o enei mahi he māngai angamaheni o te pera-ka karanga "pūkenga hou" nei awhi te revolution tuatahi, äta nuitia ranei whawhai ki reira e ranei. i titiro Mr Mikhail ia rite te apa hou, rite ki te katakata, i tuhituhi i roto i tona tuhinga āhuatanga "Capital i roto i te pukapuka."

Ko te raruraru o te kaituhi

Urupare ki te huringa pāpori, ua ite e ahau te parau-tia ore, i ruarua te akiaki ia o nga mehua, engari kihai i mutu ki te whakapono i roto i te iwi, i roto i Bulgakov tangata. Works, he rārangi o e whakaherea tatou kitea, kei te. ui ratou ki a ia, a ite i te pūāhua i roto i ana mahi, i tutaki ki faaino ore. Ko te whakaeke i runga i te kaituhi i roto i te tau 1929 kaha. I nekehia atu ratou i te scene katoa o tona whakaari: "Whero Island," "ra o kapohau" me "fare Zoyka". Te riroraa i roto i te āhuatanga uaua, whakatau te kaituhi ki te tuhituhi i te pukapuka ki te Kawanatanga, i ui hoki whakaaetanga ki te waiho i te whenua. I muri noa iho i te aparauraa ki Stalin, i muri i nei whakaritea Bulgakov i kaiwhakahaere o te Moscow Art Theatre hei kaiāwhina. Re-puta i runga i nga wāhanga o waihanga o whakaari a Bulgakov, me etahi wa i muri - me anō-whakamanatanga o "varua mate" (Bulgakov).

nga mahi katoa, te rārangi o nei aroaro te raro nei, e rārangi i roto i tenei tuhinga, i roto i te raupapa wā, i te wahi e taea te kite koe e i muri i 1927 i roto i te tā e kore e puta tetahi atu rārangi o te kaituhi, rite ko ia he mema o te rārangi o rāhuitia. Ahakoa tenei, kihai i Mr Mikhail mahue te kāinga. Ko reira i roto i to tatou whenua i hanga nga mahi katoa o Bulgakov. Rārangi o tau o tuhituhi me ratou ingoa tirohia ki te mutunga o te tuhinga.

"E te Kaiwhakaako ko Margarita"

I roto i te 1933, i hanga te nganatanga kaituhi ki te whakaputa i te pūrākau "Life o Monsieur de Moliere" i roto i te raupapa "Mo'ui o Kōhure tangata", engari e mahara ano kore. Whakatika noa tona mate, kei te kore ngana Mr Mikhail ki te whakaputa i o ratou mahi. Tenei wa i oti rawa ia mahi i runga i te hua o "Te Ariki, me Margarita" pūrākau, i meinga tetahi o nga whakatutukitanga rahi i roto i te ao o te tuhi o te rau tau 20. Ki te mahi ka mau 12 tau o te ora Bulgakov.

au ra putanga wawe o te hua ki a ia te rawaka te angitu, na i roto i te tau torutoru hoki ano a ano ia ki ana pūāhua, pakanga, me te haere mai ki te scenes hou ake. Anake i roto i te 1932, riro te pūrākau kōrero kakató.

I roto i nga tau tata nei, Bulgakov, ahakoa, ka tonu ki te mahi, tonu kore whakaputaina. wahia te reira i raro, a ka kua arahina reira ki te exacerbation o te mate, me te mate wawe muri. mate Bulgakov i runga i Maehe 10, 1940, a ka kua tanumia i roto i Moscow, te urupā Novodevichy.

Rārangi o mahi o Bulgakov ki ngā rā

kōrero:

- "Te mau nota i runga i te Holy":

• 1922 - "Te faahiahia Adventures o Dr.", "Karauna Whero", "Po i te toru o nga tau";
• 1923 - hītori Chinese "," Raid "," nota i runga i te Holy ";
• 1924 - "La Boheme."

- "Notes o te kuao tākuta":

• 1925 - "tahuri Papitaisó", "te pouri Ihipiana";
• 1926 - "tauera ki te tikaokao", "āwhā kino", "E ngaro ana Eye", "ponana te rangi", me te pātata ki te huringa o te kōrero, "patua ahau";
• 1927 - pātata ki te huringa o ngā kōrero "rehunanu".

tuhituhi mahi rerekē Mikhail Bulgakov. Ko te rārangi o ngā kōrero i nei kua kua matou whakarārangitia, pukapuka tāpiri me whakaari.

pukapuka:

• 1924 - "Te White Guard";
• 1962 - "Te ora o Monsieur de Moliere";
• 1965 - "Notes o te tupapaku";
• 1967 - "Te Ariki, me te Margarita".

nui:

• 1925 - "fare Zoyka";
• 1925 - "Kaute a Manaia ma";
• 1926 - "ra o kapohau";
• 1930 - "Te Cabal o te hunga tinihanga";
• 1955 - "Alexander Pushkin";
• 1962 - "E oma";
• 1965 - "Ivan";
• 1965 - "Crazy sèche";
• 1966 - "Bliss";
• 1977 - "Batum";
• 1986 - "War me te rangimarie";
• 1986 - "Dead varua".

Ko nga fakatupu matua i hanga Bulgakov enei. Works, he rārangi o nei i te aroaro ki a koutou e kore e whāiti ki te runga ake. pūhohe Here kihai i matou whakaurua, tuhinga, tuhinga roa, me etahi atu mahi, ki te tiki maheni ki taua e kia hoki whai hua.

Kiriata e hāngai ana i runga i nga mahi o Bulgakov, kua te rārangi o e kua tohua i runga ake, hanga he rota o ngä kāinga, me te ke. Ko te urutaunga kiriata tino rongonui o "te Ariki ko Margarita" - Alexander Petrovich, George Curry ko Vladimir Bortko, hanga i roto i Russia.