Alexy, Patereareha o Moscow me Russia katoa: biography o tona ora, whakaahua

Patereareha Alexy II, tona haurongo ko te kaupapa o tenei tuhinga, kua he roa i ora ai a, whakaaro ahau, he ora oaoa. Tona mahi i mahue i te tohu hohonu i roto i te aamu o te Russian kore anake Siu Ekalesia, engari ano hoki i roto i te ngakau o te iwi maha. Mahalo e ko te aha, i muri i te matenga o te tohunga o kore i taea e te iwi te whakapono, ka haere mai ki ngā ki tona poheraa, a tonu te komuhumuhu i roto i te putanga hapori o te Patereareha Alexy II i patua. kia nui ki te mahi i roto i tona ora o mahi pai a tenei tangata, e kore kua te uara o te takitahi i runga i te tau iti.

takenga

Patereareha Alexy II, tona haurongo i roto i te maha o ngā whakatupuranga hono ki te Siu Ekalesia Russian, i whanau i runga i February 23, 1929 i roto i te utuafare rawa rerekē i roto i te pa o Tallinn. Ko te tupuna o te tohunga i mua nei i roto i nga ra o te kingitanga o Catherine II whāngai Ofotokisií ko Fedor. Ko ia he whānui, he ahua tūmatanui rongonui, me te rangatira. Mai i tenei te hero o te whawhai o 1812 , ka haere ki Russian whanau Riediger.

Ruau o te patereareha i mua nei i taea e ki te tango i tona hapu ki te wa rawa o te Revolution i St Petersburg ki Estonia. ako papa o Alexia i te whaimana Imperial College o ture, engari kua oti kē ana akoranga i roto i te Estonia. Na mahi ia hei kaiwhakawā i roto i Tallinn, marenatia te tamahine a Kanara o te ope tsarist. I roto i te kingi i te huru whānau Siu mātua ko Alexia te mau melo o te kaupapa ahu whakamua o te RSCM (Russian Ākonga Christian Movement). whai wāhi ratou i roto i ngā tautohetohe fakalotu, haere monasteries tae mai ki te mahi i roto i te temepara. A, no te a Alex rawa taitama, ka anga tona papa ki te ako i te akoranga pāriha, te wahi tutaki ia ki tona papa Hoani, ko wai i muri ka te papa wairua o te tamaiti.

i te utuafare i te whakarerenga iho o te haamau'araa i hararei raumati i roto i pilgrimages ki ngā monasteries. Ko reira ka e aroha Alexis oraraa taatoa Pühtitsa noho. I roto i te 1940, ka whakaritea papa o Alexis te diakono. Mai 1942, mahi ia i roto i te hahi Kazan i Tallinn me mo te 20 tau te āwhina iwi kitea Atua.

tamarikitanga

Mai kōhungahunga, rumakina te Patereareha o Moskovskiy Aleksy heke mai i roto i te huru o te religiosity, i ko te parau tumu i te pae varua matua i roto i te hanganga ki a ia. Mai i 6 tau timata ia ki te āwhina i roto i te mahi o te whare. kawea ngā mātua me te papa i te pae varua te tamaiti i roto i te wairua o ngā uara Karaitiana, tupu ake ia i te pai, tamaiti ngohengohe. i pakeke Times, ko te hapu i te timatanga o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao whakawehi whakahekenga ki Siberia o te take mai German. a Riediger ki te huna. I roto i te whawhai, ka mau toku papa ki a ia Alyosha i runga i ngā haerenga ki herehere puni oho ki tangata Germany.

karanga

I pu te whānau Riediger huru katoa i roto i te haapa'oraa, inu te tamaiti i te reira i te tamarikitanga. aroha ia a mohio nga ratonga hahi, ara takaro ratou i roto i o ratou kēmu. kua kaha tautoko tona confessor attraction o te tamaiti ki te Siu Tuí. I roto i 1941, i te heke mai Patereareha Alexy 2 riro he tamaiti aata, te tautururaa i te diakono - tona papa. Na ka pau ia te maha o nga tau taviniraa i roto i hahi ngā o Tallinn. Ko te whiu o Alexis, i roto i te meka, kua këtia i whanau, ko ia 5 tau i vai noa i roto i te uma o te hahi.

I roto i 1947, i te heke mai tana te tapu 2 tomo te haapiiraa evanelia Leningrad, tangohia reira te tika ki te toru te piha haapiiraa e tika ana ki te mātauranga teitei, me te whakangungu. I te tau 1949 ka tomo ia te Leningrad Theological Academy. I roto i tenei wā, ka ora ake whare karakia mātauranga noho i runga i te ara, whakarato reira he mātauranga kounga teitei ki a Alex. Ko ia he ākonga rawa pai, tuhia nga kaiwhakaako katoa tona mahara me te kaumatua. a ia kahore whakama hinengaro, me te rapu, ko ia tino mohio o tona whakapono, me tona misioni.

ora tohunga o

Ko te nuinga o nga rangahau i te Academy A. Riediger haere waho. karangatia Leningrad Gregory Metropolitan te tangata taitamariki kia whakaritea ki te aroaro o paetahi. I karangatia e ia ki te maha o ngā kōwhiringa mahi, whiriwhiria ana e ia te tūranga o te Rector o Ihowā te Ekalesia i roto i te pa o Jõhvi. Mai i reira, i taea te haere ki ia maha ngā mātua, me te haere ki te wänanga. I te tau 1953 puta ia i te wänanga, me te riro he kaitono o teolosia. I te 1957 ka whakawhitia e ia i te pāriha uaua o Jõhvi i te University o Tartu. Na te Patereareha heke mai Alexy II, nga tau o te ora kia e ka e pā ana ki te ratonga fakalotu, eke i runga i te ara o te tohunga.

Ko tōna wahi wā pakeke ano hinga. Cathedral o te whakaaro, i i whakaritea Alexis, i roto i te huru rawakore, e kore nga mana i tautoko kupu fakalotu, i matou ki rawa pakeke te mahi, kōrero ki te iwi, ki te tu i te mahi, haere ki ngā ratonga fakalotú. faaoti tohunga tauhou ki te rapu i te awhina o Patereareha Alexis ahau, e āwhina i roto i te hanga, me te i'oa manaakitia. I roto i te 1958, riro Alexis te archpriest, me tumuaki o te Kaute Tartu-Viljandi. I roto i te 1959, ka mate te tohunga toku whaea, a arahina ana ia i tenei ki te whakatamarikitanga o monasticism. Ia te tuatahi whakaaro e pā ana ki te mahi i taua, a inaianei hopea whakapumautia i roto i tona whakaaro.

episekopo Way

I roto i 1961, i te heke mai Patereareha Alexy II (he whakaahua o ia atu pinepine taea te kitea i roto i nga toronga arotake o röpü ke o Russia) e tango te whakarite hou. riro ia Pihopa o Tallinn ko Estonia, ano rangitahi tukua ia ki te whakahaere i te pīhopatanga Riga. kaimahi Russian Siu Ekalesia whakapeka o taitamariki kaimahi mātauranga, rawa mai faatia te a tawhio hou o te whakatoi i Russia. Faatoro'araa, i te tono o Alexis, puritia i roto i te Aleksandra Nevskogo Cathedral Tallinn. Hohoro tonu te tango te episekopo taitamariki he karanga i nga mana. whakaritea tona pāriha te ki te kati e rave rahi hahi no te mea o te "huakore" me tino Pyuhittsky Monastery hoatu he whare hararei o te kaikeri. Hiahiatia mehua akiaki, me te kaha.

Alexis ngā maha ngā haerenga ki nui röpü nö ke i roto i tona pāriha, me te ohu whakapono, rite ki te hua o te pāpāho Western puta tānga e pā ana ki a ia, hoki konei i tae e ngā māngai o tata katoa ngā rōpū fakalotu o te ao te tau, te mana i ki tuku, me te katinga o te ohu whakapono kore whakaarahia. ka whakawhetai ohu Pyuhittsky ki te mau tautooraa o Alexis he wahi mo toronga me te kōrero i waenganui i ngā māngai o te hahi Pākehā katoa.

mahi Alexis i kiia Tallinn mo te rau tau hauwhā. I roto i tenei wa ia tino whakakaha konei puta Siu Ekalesia te nui o tuhinga, tae atu i te reo Estonian. Kua tokomaha o nga mau hiero i roto i te rohe, tae atu ki te Aleksandra Nevskogo Cathedral, e kua roa mahi rite papa o Alex, e mate i roto i 1962, Kazan Ekalesia i roto i Tallinn ora ana tautooraa. Ko whakatö-me tautooraa o te mana i mea ai ratou mahi: kua piki haere i peka te maha o te hunga whakapono ki te kainga noho hahi kaha, utua Archimandrite mo te ihirangi o moni hahi.

I roto i te 1969, hoatu Alex atu mahi tuari rite Metropolitan o Leningrad me Novgorod.

Ekalesia me te ora tūmatanui

tonu Alexis haere te rota i roto i to ratou pāriha ki te ratonga hanahana ki te whāinga, ki te whakahaere i te whakahaere ki te whakapono, te whakakaha ratou wairua. I roto i tenei take, te Patereareha heke mai tino hoatu wā mahi tūmatanui. Mai i töna tïmatanga, te mahi te pīhopatanga, ia i kore noho watea i te ora o katoa te Ekalesia Siu. I roto i 1961, te Patereareha heke mai Alexy II, whakaahua e taea kite koutou i roto i te tuhinga, ko te mema o te tira o te Siu Ekalesia Russian i roto i te Kaunihera o Churches Assembly Ao. uru ia i roto i te mahi o taua whakahaere whaimana rite te Conference o Pākehā Churches, te wahi mahi ia mo runga i te 25 tau, te mutunga hoko te tiamana o te Presidium, Rhodes Pan-Siu Conference, ngā rōpū te rongo, i roto i ngā te Fund rangimarie Soviet, Fund o tuhinga Slavic me ngā ahurea Slavic. Mai 1961, i mahi ia rite tiamana tuarua o te Tari mo waho Ekalesia Relations o te Moscow Patriarchate. I te 1964 ka e ia Chancellor o te Moscow Patriarchate me mahi aua ngaahi fatongia mo 22 nga tau.

I roto i te 1989, i pōtitia Alexis tuarua o te USSR me i te tiaki o ngā uara ahurea motu, te reo, te tiaki o te taonga tuku iho o mua.

torona fakapēteliaké

I roto i te 1990, ka mate a Pimen, a tutaki Local Kaunihera ki te whiriwhiri i te matenga hou o te hahi Russian, me i reira ko kahore kaitono i pai ake i Alexis. Patereareha Russian i noho 10 Pipiri 1990 i te Ihowā te Cathedral i Moscow. I roto i tona wāhitau ki te whakaminenga, ka mea ia e kite ia rite tona whāinga matua te whakapakari o te tūranga o te wairua-kaimau o te Ekalesia. whakapono ia e ki te hiahia ake i te maha o te mau hiero, tae atu i te hiahia ki te mahi i roto i nga wahi o te mau herehere ana, ki te hoatu iwi i te tautoko i te pae varua i roto i te ara o te ako. Faahaereraa panoni pāpori i roto i te hapori, i te hahi ki te kia whakamahia ki te whakapakari i tona tūranga, a ko te pai mōhio o reira Alex.

Hoki etahi wa i haere te patereareha i ki te mahi rite episekopo o Leningrad me Tallinn pīhopatanga. I roto i te 1999, ka mau ia ki runga i te whakahaere o te Ekalesia Siu Japanese. I roto i tona mahi, Patereareha haere te rota ki te pāriha, mahi mahi hoki, wāhi ia ki te hanga o cathedrals. I roto i nga tau katoa i tae mai ia 88 Pīhopatanga, 168 mau hiero whakatapua, ka mau mano o fa'iraa.

tūnga tūmatanui

Alexy, Patereareha o Moscow ko Russia katoa, i te wawe tau taa ê tūranga pāpori totoka. ka kite ia i tona misioni e kore anake ki te mahi ki te Atua, engari i roto i te whakatairanga o 'Ofotokisií. I whakaae ia kia piri Kerisetiano katoa i roto i te mahi mātauranga. whakapono Alex e kia mahi i te hahi ki te mana, a tae noa ahakoa kua ite e ia he rota o te whakatoi i nga mana Soviet, engari i muri i perestroika rapu ki te whakatū i te hononga pai ki te kaiārahi o te whenua ki te mahi tahi ki te whakaoti maha ngā raruraru o te kāwanatanga.

O te akoranga, ka awhina tonu te Patereareha te underdog, i mahi ia i roto i te rota o te mahi aroha a whai wāhi ki te meka e kua whakaratohia hoki ana pāriha āwhina ki te rawakore. I roto i tenei take, kua Alexis toutou korerotia atu ki te iwi ki te rerekē orientations fakasekisualé, me te māfana whakapai i te tavana o Moscow ki whakakorehia parade takatāpui, ka karanga te tane he tumuaki tuarua e whakangaromia e nga tikanga tuku iho o te tangata.

Ekalesia me te panoni pāpori i raro i patereareha

Alexy, Patereareha o Moscow ko Russia katoa, ka anga tona mahi rite he meka e hanga mōhio o te huru fifi o te hahi te kāwanatanga o te whenua o nāianei. Kua mahi ia i te rota ki te whakapiki ake i te tūnga o te hahi i roto i tōrangapū te whenua o, he mea i runga i par ki nga tangata tuatahi o te kāwanatanga kei te toro i te whakamaharatanga me ngā kawa. i Alex he mahi nui ki te mana hahi hāngai i roto i te ringa o te Kaunihera nga mau Episekopo ', te whakaiti democratization i te hanganga o te hahi. I te wa ano i mea ai ia e nui haere te mana motuhake o ngā rohe takitahi o te Russian Federation.

Kaiaka Patereareha

Alexy, Patereareha o Russia katoa, ki te Siu Ekalesia Russian hanga he mahi nui i roto i te whakawhetai wahi tuatahi ki a ia te hahi hoki ki te mahi tūmatanui whānui. Ko ia te tangata e whai wāhi ana ki te meka i te hahi Russian tonu o pāriha, kua meinga tenei ra e karakia kotahi ano te wahi maheni o te oraraa o mua. Hoki, i taea e ki te pupuri i roto i te mana o te āhua Russian Ekalesia e ka motuhake rite ki te hua o te tiango o te USSR ia. i tona mahi rite Patereareha o Moscow me Russia katoa kua he pānga nui i runga i te whanaketanga o 'Ofotokisií, ki te whakapiki ake i tona faufaa i roto i te ao. Alexis ko te tiamana o te komiti mekonfessionalnogo "Iisus Hristos inanahi, i teie mahana, a ake ake." I roto i te 2007, ka rite ki te hua o tona mau tautooraa i hainatia te "Ture i runga i Mo'oní Communion", i te auraa te reunification o te Russian Siu Ekalesia a Abroad te Ekalesia Russian. i taea e ki hoki te mahi whanui o whakawhetai karakia Alex, whai wāhi ai ki te whiwhinga o te pukahu o te hunga tapu maha, pērā i Serafima Sarovskogo, Maksima Greka, Aleksandra Svirskogo. rererua ia te maha o Pīhopatanga i Russia, tata kua te maha o pāriha tata'i toru te maha o hahi i roto i Moscow kua nui haere neke atu i 40 nga wa, ki te mua ki te hanganga o te whenua ko anake 22 te ohu whakapono, i te 2008 i reira i kua hoatu e 804 pēteliake uara nui te mātauranga hahi, reira tino nui haere te maha o ngā kura i ngā taumata katoa i roto i te whenua, ano i te whai pānga pai i runga i ngā hōtaka akoranga, e kua riro āwhiwhiwhi ki te taumata ao.

hōnore

Alexy, Patereareha o Moscow ko Russia katoa, mo ona ratonga i whakawhiwhia ia e rave rahi taime e rua mana fakamāmaní, me te Siasí. I ia i runga i 40 whakahau, me mētara o te Siu Ekalesia Russian, tae atu te hunga o te kororia, kia rite ki te Order o St. Anaru ki te whetu taimana, te Order o Grand Duke Vladimir, te Order o St. Alexis, Dmitriya Solunskogo mētara, te Order o Grigoriya Pobedonostsa o te Siu Ekalesia Hōriana.

Te kāwanatanga Russian kua hoki toutou tuhia nga maitai tiketike o nga tohu patereareha, tae atu i te Order o Kaiaka mo te fatherland, te Order o Friendship o Iwi, Order o Whero Ihowanihi o Reipa. I whakawhiwhia Double Alexy te State paraihe mō whakatutukitanga tino i roto i te mara o te mahi fakaetangatá, i te honore, me te mauruuru i te peresideni o te Russian Federation.

Alexis hoki i te rota o tohu o whenua ke, mōhio, tohu o Honor me mētara i ngā whakahaere tūmatanui.

I tua atu, ko ia he tangata hōnore o neke atu i te 10 nga pa, a ko te tākuta hōnore o 4 whare wānanga i roto i te ao.

Care me te rokiroki

Hakihea 5, 2008 horapa huri noa te ao te rongo pouri: Patereareha Alexy mate 2. Take o te mate - kore ngakau. Kua reira torutoru nga tau Patereareha kua raruraru nui ki te ngakau, ia i roto i te ahiahi i hanga te noho ararewa ki ara ki te rua te papa ki te āwhina i te karo ia ahotea faufaa. Heoi, i roto i te pāpāho tata tonu i reira nga putanga o te kohuru o te patereareha.

Otiia kihai i te taunakitanga o enei whakaaro, reira, noho katoa i te taumata o nga hau. Iwi kihai noa i taea e whakapono e reira ko he tangata taua, a na reira tamata ki te kitea te kaiwero i roto i tona raruraru. i tanumia hunaraa o Patereareha i a Moscow Cathedral o te Karaiti te Kaiwhakaora, me i te Ekalesia o te Ihowā te.

Iwi ka anga tata tonu ki te fifili: taimí Patereareha Alexy II ranei kiia? Ka rite ki te roa rite kore e te reira whakahoki, mai i te canonization - ko reira he tukanga matatini, me te roa.

tahuti ore mahara tupuna i roto i te ingoa o whare pukapuka, tapawhā, i roto i te ahua o urupa, whakatū papa, e rave rahi ofa'i.

tūmataiti

Patereareha Alexy 2, te take o te mate, ara i te kore noa i te take ki te matapaki i tona tokomaha tuakiri, te ora, mahi, paanga. E rave rahi hau huri e pā ana ki tona hononga ki te KGB, i ara huaina Alexia te aroha nei o ratonga motuhake. Ahakoa kahore he taunakitanga o taua whakapae.

Ko tētahi atu take e he o te pānga ki te iwi mau: ahakoa i marenatia te tohunga. Kei te mohiotia te reira e kore e taea e whai wahine te episekopo, rite e ratou raro ki te noho takakau. Otiia i mua i te kuraina, nga whānau maha tohunga, a kihai i reira he tutukitanga ki to ratou mahi Siasí. Patereareha Alexy II, te wahine nei i roto i nga tau i tona ākonga, e kore whakahuatia wheako tona utuafare. Kairangahau mea e ko tenei marena ki Vera Alexeeva tino ōkawa. e hiahiatia ana e ia anake ki te ārai tohe nga mana A. faehau Ridiger.

Mō te ora tūmataiti o te Patereareha te mohiotia iti. Ia aroha ki te pānui i, mahi pakeke tonu. Kua tuhituhia Alexis neke atu i te 200 ngā pukapuka i runga i teolosia. Ko ia matatau i roto i Estonian, Tiamana, a ka korero te iti i roto i te reo Ingarihi. noho ia, ka mate i roto i tona noho tino i roto i Peredelkino, te wahi ongo'i ia hāneanea me te ngāwari.