Alisher Navoi: biography o te ahua tino

He nui ngā kōrero e pā ana ki te rohi pehe ao-rongonui, ko tona ingoa Alisher Navoi. He tonu o ngā ngā pūrākau tona koioranga, engari ka tamata tatou ki titaria ratou, ka kawea mai etahi mārama i roto i te kōrero i tona ora.

te wāhi o te punake nui

whanau Navoi i roto i te pa tawhito o Herat (inaianei. Afghanistan) i roto i 1441, i te whanautanga o tona ingoa iriirihia Nizamiddin Mir Alisher. Kōrero e kore e tonu i tae mai ki te whakaaro tika o tona tuakiri motu: etahi whakapono reira Barlas ranei Chagatai, atu - Uzbek Uikā ranei. Otiia tika ki te mea e i roto i te take no reira ki te iwi Turkic. Kei te kitea tenei, i roto i te tua ki te mau irava o tona hoa tata Abdurahmana Dzhami (e kī "ahakoa i Pahia ahau ka Türk ia, ko matou te pai o hoa"), ki ana i tuhituhi whaiaro, i roto i nei tuhituhi e ia e tona ake iwi - he Turk. I roto i ngā wā Soviet, i tukinotia Alisher Navoi rite rite te rohi pehe Uzbek me whakaaro.

na te utuafare

ko te tino taonga hapu o te rohi pehe, ko tona papa he mōhiohio nui i roto i te marae o te Timurid me tona matua keke - he rohi pehe. Hoki tenei take, i te tamarikitanga Alisher Navoi (nei haurongo E āta hono ana ki te whakahaere tūmatanui), tuhituhi e ia ngā whiti i ngā kaupapa. Ki te 1466 i runga i 1469 tau i ora ai pehe taitamariki me te ako i roto i Samarkand, whakaako hoki i te ia i roto i madrassahs ka tautoko ia rohi pehe pihi pūtaiao ranei.

Alisher Navoi: biography

no ahua nui ki te Order Sufi o te pono (Naqshbandi), nei whakarerea e ora te ao (Fanny - te impermanence o te ora), me te reira e kore whiwhi i te mau utuafare. Ka rite ki tetahi mema o te Order Tapu, Alisher Navoi (nei rotarota whakaahua hoki tenei āhuatanga, hei tauira, "Lisunov ut-tayir") whakapono e reira he kotahi anake te aroha - mo Allah, na kihai i ia hiahia i roto i nga wahine, me te faaipoiporaa.

whakaarahia te rohi pehe nui i roto i te iari taua ki nga tamariki Timurid hapu. Ki te Hussein Baykara (ka nei i muri kawana o te kāwanatanga Khorasan) a Navoi te auhoaraa tata i roa tona ora katoa. Na te take e Alisher Navoi (ke tona haurongo tino rite ki te hua o tenei whakatau) hoki i Samarkand ki Herat taketake, mahi rite te koroneihana ko tona hoa Hussein. I roto i te 1469, i muri i hoki mai pehe, whakaritea Hussein Baykara kawana ia kaitiaki tā kāwanatanga Khorasan tino.

I roto i tona ora, Alisher Navoi, tuhituhi e hāngai ana i roto i to tatou ra nei mau irava, i mahi te kāwanatanga, matamaha rotarota me te ki te whakarato āwhina rauemi ki kaitito katoa, kaituhi, toi me te kaiwaiata. I roto i te aamu o Central Asia, kua mahara ia kia rite ki te initiator matua o te hanga o maha madrasas, hōhipera, a tae noa whare pukapuka.

Ko te mahi o Alisher Navoi

Te nuinga o ana mahi o te rohi pehe nui, me te whakaaro, i tuhituhi i roto i te reo Chagatai, tango i te ingoa atamira Alisher Navoi (i roto i Uzbek tikanga "-ringa hei, reka"). Tona pehepehe tuatahi tuhituhi ia i te 15 tau. i te rohi pehe, he mana hohonu i runga i te whanaketanga o te reo tuhituhi, hanga he takoha faufaa ki te whakapai ake o te reo chagatay hanganga, a muri te reo Uzbek.

reira kei Cultural Heritage neke atu i te 3000 nga wahi rerekē o tito momo. Pea tetahi o nga mahi tino rongonui o te punake ko "Pyateritsa", e kei 5 dastans. "Layla ko Majnun", "Farhad ko Shirin", "Puputu'u tika" - ko te rotarota tino kite i Alishera Navoi tenei.

Alisher Navoi: rotarota i Russian

E rave rahi o te mahi o te rohi pehe i tuhituhia i roto i te reo Pahia me Chagatai kua whakamaoritia ki Russian. iritihia pehe Soviet - Ko tētahi o nga oriori tino rongonui - "rua tų ana ghazals .." Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky. Ahakoa te meka e whakakahore Alisher Navoi aroha me te tahi atu mau mana'o ki nga wahine, i tuhituhi ano hoki e ia he pehepehe rawa titorehanga. I roto ia ratou - "I te po o toku pouri katoa kiha ao i taea e horoia atu ..." "karanga wā katoa toku wairua, tata i ahatia tona kino ..." "paowa aue I kino e rerengia ana, titiro ..!" me ētahi atu.

Heoi, ano whakaarahia te kaituhi nga raruraru pāpori, me te taumauri ( "Bezdolny kakahu tawhetawhe i ...", "farerei te waina, me te ahiahi, me te putanga ..." "utu katoa, ia hau koe ..." me pera i runga i. D.)

I tua atu ki rotarota lyrical, hanga te rohipehe, me Ngā tuhinga whakapae hītori, e whakaahua ana i te ora o nga whika rongonui o te ahurea. Hei tauira, "Pyateritsa haehaa" i whakatapua ki tona kaiwhakaako, me te hoa Abdurakhman Jami.

I te mutunga o tona mahi toi i tuhituhi Alisher Navoi rua ruri taumauri, whakaahua ana whakaaro e pā ana ki te āhua pai. Kotahi maau - "Ko te Reo o Birds", ranei e kiia ana ko, "te Paremata o Birds: Semurg" - ko te keokeonga o tona mahi, ridicules te pukapuka aua rangatira kuware katoa, kahore nei e matau ki te mau parau tumu o te hanganga o te kāwanatanga. E ki tonu o te tikanga me te aronga ki nga mahi katoa Alishera Navoi i runga i te momo o ngā kaupapa mai i aroha ki tōrangapū me te ki te whakapai ake i te oraraa pāpori o peasants noa.

tōrangapū

Kia kï hoki, e a Alisher Navoi whakaaro ohaoha i runga i nga mea maha. Hei tauira, whakahē ia tonu te ture faatītī wharekarakia, I marama tonu whakahe i nga rangatira nei ka mau moni whakapati, me te ngana ki te tiaki i nga ngākau nuitanga o te piha haapiiraa rawakore. I roto i te 1472 riro Navoi te taitara Emir (hoko te vizier o te kāwanatanga), whakamahia ia tona kaha ki te whakapai ake i te ora o te iwi rawakore. Ahakoa tona auhoaraa ki te kawana, me ētahi atu rangatira nui, i whakahekea tonu Alisher Navoi rangatira o te kāwanatanga Khorasan Bayqara ki tetahi atu wāhi mo tona fakafepaki te kaha ki embezzlers me utu-kaikohuru. I roto i te Astrabad tonu ia ona mahere ki te whakapai ake i te ora pāpori me te tūmatanui o te iwi.

hanga Alisher Navoi he takoha nui e kore anake ki te whanaketanga o te pūnaha kāwanatanga, kua i reira he pānga nui i runga i te whakapai ake o te reo Uzbek. E mohiotia ana mahi i roto i te maha whenua Eastern (Uzbekistan, Iran, Turkey me etahi atu. whenua Āhia Central). ka mate te rohi pehe nui i te kāinga, i roto i Herat i 1501.