Alloys whakarewa

alloys whakarewa He pūnaha wai, me te totoka. E hanga e ratou na roto i te alloying rua, neke atu rānei ngā huānga. Tūhono konganuku rerekē hoki. tuku anake wā Tuatahi tohua ki ngā rauemi he āhuatanga konganuku. Heoi, ki te whanaketanga tere o te hangarau, me te whakamāramatanga o te ahupūngao nui whakawhānui, ka horahia.

Konganuku me alloys whakarewa e whakamahia whānuitia i roto i te hanga o te taputapu hanga, mīhini, taputapu, me te tahi atu mau mea. Ahakoa hanga te nuinga tika tiketike o te hanga he horihori, te hua o nga rauemi i runga maha hanga te pūtake o te hoahoa, ka matapae tohunga e i roto i te heke mai, ka pupuri i ratou tūranga.

whenua me te kawakore alkali konganuku (K, Na, Ca, Li) i roto i te āhua free e whakamahia i roto i reactors karihi rite te whakarewa wai. whakamahia konutai te rite te whākōkī i roto i te hanga o te rapa, lithium - doping he kaha, pūhui konumohe ono tekau. E whakamahia ratou i roto i te waka rererangi.

E kitea noatia konganuku (konganuku turanga) i roto i te tai, waikura me tokahuke. Tikanga, i roto i te puka parakore i roto i te natura huānga e matū pūmau (Au, Pt, Cu, Ag). I roto i ngā āhuatanga tuwhera i roto i te Periodic Mendeleyev Pūnaha e whitu tekau ono kōrero ki konganuku, Si, Se, Ge, Te , rite - ki ngā mema o te takawaenga i waenganui i nga konganuku me nonmetals, e te tahi mau taime i huaina ratou, me semimetals.

E whakarōpūtia rauemi konganuku ki ngā rōpū nui e rua. Ko te tuatahi ko te rino, me ona alloys (rino, me te maitai), ki te rua o - konganuku nonferrous me alloys whakarewa nonferrous. Te whakamutunga, i roto i te tahuri, kua wehea ki:

- te marama (kiato o runga ki te 5 karamu / cm3);

- taimaha (kiato nui ake i te 10 karamu / cm3);

- fusible (ki te ira whakakoero o i 232 ki te 410 nekehanga);

- whakangutungutu (rewa pāmahana nui atu taua o rino);

- Noble (he waikura nui resistance).

Konganuku i ngā āhuatanga rerekē. Ko te kupu, hei tauira, e paari mēkuri raro i te mana o te pāmahana, haunga 38.8 nekehanga, Tungsten, ahei o pato te pāmahana whakahaere o runga ki te 2000 nekehanga, konutai, lithium, pāhare pāporo mama atu i te wai, me te osmium me iridium taimaha atu konukōhatu i roto i nga wa e wha tekau-rua. I whakaritea alloys whakarewa katoa i kua tautuhia te āhuatanga o nei rite te hanganga me te hanganga o te pūhui rite ki te tautauā me solidification tikanga, maimoatanga mīhini me te waiariki. Tautauā whakawera ranei whai wāhi ki te huri i roto i te hanganga o ngā pūhui whakarewa. Tenei, i roto i te tahuri, he pānga i runga i te āhuatanga tinana, mīhini me te matū, te whanonga o te rauemi i roto i te tukatuka me te whakamahi.

tautuhi Tohunga nga āhuatanga whānui e whai ake nei o te konganuku me te alloys:

1. High kawe ia waiariki.
2. te kōngohe nui ake.
3. kawe ia hiko High.
4. tawhā pāmahana takatika o te ātete hiko. Tenei ōwehenga tohu te hua ātete ki te whakanui ake te pāmahana, me i pāmahana tata ki te kore tino - wharetīoke rauemi konganuku maha.
5. reflectivity High. e kore e mārama rauemi konganuku me te whai i te umeraa konganuku āhuatanga.
6. paheke Thermionic - te kaha ki te emit irahiko ka wera.
7. I roto i te mārō āhua hanganga karaihe.

Ki te tautuhi me te manatoko i te āhuatanga e whai alloys whakarewa, te whakamahi i tohunga he momo o tikanga mana, tae atu haamou. Ko te kupu, whakamatauria rauemi konganuku mo plasticity, kaha, resistance wera, me te ātete ki te waikura. I te wa ano te tono ratou tikanga mana kore-haamou. Ko ētahi o ēnei inenga o autō, optical, āhuatanga hiko, pakeke taupū faaotiraa.