Anna Akhmatova: te ora me te mahi. Akhmatova: ngā kaupapa matua o te auahatanga

Anna Akhmatova, nei te ora me te mahi ka tapaea e matou ki a koutou - ko te ingoa pene e tohu ana rotarota AA Gorenko. whanau tenei rohi pehe i roto i 1889, 11 (23) o Pipiri, e tata ana Odessa. oho hohoro tona whānau ki Tsarskoye selo, i reira ki runga, ki te 16 tau i ora ai Akhmatova. Ka Fakatupú (poto) o tenei rohi pehe e te aroaro i muri i te haurongo. Tuatahi kia maheni ki te ora Anny Gorenko.

tau wawe

e kore tau wawe i rosy mō Anny Andreevny. I wahia e ia te mau metua ake i roto i 1905. I tangohia te whaea ki Yevpatoria tamahine e mate ana i te mate kohi. Here mo te wa tuatahi fehangahangai ki te ora o te ke kerekere me pa dirtiest "kotiro mohoao". ite hoki ia he whakaari aroha, ngana ki te mahi i te whakamomori.

Mātauranga i roto i Kiev me gymnasiums Tsarskoselskaya

tamarikitanga wawe e i whakawhiwhia te rohi pehe akoranga i roto i Kiev me Tsarskoselskaya gymnasiums. tū te piha haapiiraa whakamutunga i roto i Kiev. I muri i taua, ako te punake heke mai ture i roto i Kiev, me philology i St. Petersburg, i runga i te Whare Wānanga hoki Women. I roto i Kiev, ako ia Latin, i whakaaetia i muri ki te ako i te reo Itāriana noa, ki te pānui i Dante i te taketake. Ko Akhmatova ki ngā kaupapa ture ngaro moni hohoro, na haere ana ia ki a St Petersburg, ka tonu whakangungu i runga i ngā akoranga o mua, me te tuhituhi.

rotarota Tuatahi me te whakaputa

Ko te irava tuatahi e tonu kite pānga Derzhavin, tuhituhia e te taitamariki schoolgirl Gorenko ka ko ia noa 11 tau. I roto i te 1907 ka puta i te reira i te tānga tuatahi.

I roto i te 1910, i to ratou timatanga rawa, haamata Akhmatova wā ki te kia whakaputaina i roto i Moscow me St Petersburg buka aamu. Kia hanga "Poets Shop" (1911), he rōpū tuhituhi, mahi ia i te reira mau ohipa o te Hekeretari.

Marriage, he haerenga ki Ūropi

i marenatia Akhmatova i te wā i 1910 ki te 1918 ki NS Gumilyov, mohiotia hoki punake Russian. Ki te ia i tutaki ia ia e ako ana i roto i te kura Tsarskoye selo. I muri i hanga e Akhmatova he haerenga ki Paris i 1910-1912 tau, te wahi ka ia hoa ki Amedeo Modigilani, he artist Italian nei i hanga ia whakaahua. Ano, i te wa ano, tae mai ia Italy.

Ko te ahua o Akhmatova

whakaurua Nikolay Gumilev tana wahine ki te taiao tuhituhi, me te toi, kua riro te wahi i te ingoa ona faufaa wawe. ka tikanga whiti kore anake Anny Andreevny rongonui, engari ano hoki tona ahua. patua Akhmatova to'utangata nui, rangatira nunui o. whakaratohia ia tohu rite kuini. Tiro Waho o te rohi pehe faauruhia Modigilani kore anake, engari ano hoki i toi pērā i K. Petrov-Vodkin, A. Altman, Z. Serebryakov, A. Tyshler, N. Tyrsa A. Danko (i raro he hakari i te mahi o Petrov-Vodkin) .

Ko te kohinga tuatahi o ngā whiti, me te whanau o te tama

I roto i te 1912, he rohe mo te rohi pehe, tupu i roto i tona ora, e rua ngā kaupapa nui. I whakaputaina te kohinga tuatahi o rotarota Anny Andreevny huaina "Evening", i tohua ia mahi. whanau ano hoki Akhmatova he tama, te tumu kōrero a muri, Gumilyov Lev Nikolaevich - he hui nui i roto i tona ora whaiaro.

Kei roto i te kohinga tuatahi o ngā rotarota i nga whakapakoko o te kirihou i whakamahia i roto i a ratou, he mārama o te hanganga. i akina atu ratou fakaangá Russian mea e i roto i te rotarota, i te taranata hou. Ahakoa te "kaiako" he rangatira pērā Akhmatova Symbolist rite poraka me I. F. Annensky, i mohio a tona rotarota i te tīmatanga rite te Acmeist. I roto i te meka, tahi ki O. E. Mandelshtamom ko N. S. Gumilevym rohi pehe i roto i te tīmatanga o te tau 1910 a, ko te matua o tenei ka haere mai i te wa o te au hou i roto i te whiti.

Ko te rua kohikohinga i muri, te whakatau ki te noho i roto i Russia

aru ahau te kohinga tuatahi me parauhia te pukapuka tuarua ko "Rosary" (1914), me e toru nga tau i muri mai, i roto i Mahuru 1917, ko te kohinga o "White Erara", te tuatoru i roto i tona mahi. E kore kua te Oketopa Revolution takoha te pehe ki te heke, ahakoa i tenei wa, i timata te hekenga papatipu. whakarerea Russia tetahi i muri i te tahi atu iwi tata Akhmatova: A. Lurie, Antrep B. me O. Glebova-Studeykina, tona hoa o te taitamarikitanga. Heoi, faaoti te pehe ki noho i roto i te "hara" a "turi" Russia. He tikanga o te fatongia ki tona whenua, herea ki te whenua, me te kua ue'i te reo Russian tomo ännu Andreevnu ki kōrero ki kua whakaritea e te reira ki te waiho. No te tau maha, tonu ki te whakatika i tona hekenga ki Akhmatova te hunga e mahue Russia,. Ki reira tohe, i roto i ngā, R. Hull, tahuri ki Anne Andreevne B. Franck ko G. Adamovich.

wā uaua, mō te Anny Andreevny Ahmatovoy

I taua wa, ke tino ia ora, e whakaata ana i tona hanganga. mahi Akhmatova i roto i te whare pukapuka i te Institute o agronomy, i te tīmatanga o te 1920 whakahaere ki te whakaputa e rua atu kohikohinga o rotarota. Enei ko te "te kopakopa", tukua i roto i te 1921, me "Anno Domini" (i roto i te translation - "I roto i te tau o te Ariki", tukua i roto i te 1922). Hoki 18 nga tau i muri i taua kihai i puta te press mahi reira. take Various mō tenei te tīariari: i runga i te ringa kotahi, tenei pihinga NS Gumilyov, ex-tane, i te whakapanga o te whai wāhi i roto i te e whakatakotoria ki te revolution; i runga i te tahi atu - te makanga o auahatanga rohi pehe faaino Soviet. whai wāhi Akhmatova rota i roto i tenei puku whakaūtia i roto i te mahi o Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina.

kite Optina

Te huri i to koutou "reo" me te "ringaringa" hono Akhmatova ki te waenganui o 1920, me te haerenga i roto i te tau 1922, i roto i Mei, Optina me whakahaere ki Elder waihonga. Pea, te kaha te awe tenei whakahaere i te rohipehe. Akhmatova i whanaungatanga whaea ki A. Motovilov he tauhou ao Serafima Sarovskogo. ka mau ia ki raro i roto i nga whakatupuranga o whakaoranga whakaaro o patunga tapu.

faaipoiporaa tuarua

I whai pānga hoki te aitua o Akhmatova whati ki te huru o V. Shileiko, e riro tana tane tuarua. Ko te pūtaiao-orientalist, nei i whai wāhi i roto i te ahurea o enei whenua tahito pērā i Papurona, Ahiria, i Ihipa. te ora Whaiaro ki tenei rawakore i roto i te tangata ora, me te nanakia kihai i mahi, engari tona mana pēnei ki te rohi pehe i roto i tona hua mahi i rongoa tuhipoka taumauri.

Life a Works i roto i 1940

Kohia i raro i te taitara "O te pukapuka e ono" ka puta i roto i te tau 1940. hoki ia mo te wa poto i roto i te tuhinga hou o te wa i te rohi pehe, Anna Akhmatova. Ko te tino whakaari Life me tona mahi i tenei wa. kitea Akhmatova i Leningrad te nui Patriotic War. i whakatahia ia i reira ki Tashkent. Heoi, i roto i 1944 hoki te pehe ki Leningrad. I roto i te 1946, i raro ki te fakaanga ta'etotonu me pakeke, ka peia ia i te Writers 'Union.

Hoki ki tuhinga Russian

I muri i tenei hui te tekau tau i muri i roto i te mahi o te rohi pehe tuhia anake e i tenei wa whai wāhi i roto i te translation tuhituhi Anna Akhmatova. kihai i hiahia auaha o tona tikanga Soviet. L. N. Gumilev, tana tama, te tavini ra i te wa te whiu i roto i puni mahi rite te hara tōrangapū. Hoki ki tuhinga Russian, ka mau rotarota Akhmatova wahi anake i roto i te hawhe tuarua o te o 1950. Mai 1958 timata ano kotahi nga kohikohinga o nga kupu o te pehe ki kia whakaputaina. I oti i roto i te 1962, "Poem te kore te Hero," kua oti whakaputaina mō te 22 tau. mate Anna Akhmatova i 1966, i runga i te 5 Maehe. tanumia tata St Petersburg Poet, i Komarovo. Grave tukua atu i raro.

Acmeism i roto i nga mahi o Akhmatova

Akhmatova, ko tona mahi he inaianei tetahi o nga tihi whiti motu, ki tona pukapuka tuatahi o rotarota nō muri mai ko te tino hauhautanga, he aho kotahi anake mā te tīpako i te reira: "... whiwhi inu tangi o te reo rite ki koutou." Mikhail Kuzmin, Heoi, tona omuaraa ki tenei kohinga mutu ki te kupu e haere mai ana ki a tatou taitamariki, rohi pehe hou, he te raraunga katoa i roto i te tikanga ki te riro tūturu. whakaritea te nuinga nga Poetics o "Pö" acmeism hōtaka ariā - te au hou i roto i te tuhinga, i maha ngā he wahine toikupu Anna Akhmatova. whakaata te reira i te auahatanga o tokomaha o nga āhuatanga āhuatanga o tenei au.

mahi Whakaahua whakaratohia i raro i roto i tau 1925.

whakatika Acmeism rite te tauhohenga ki te kakai o te kāhua Symbolist. Hei tauira, te tuhinga V. M. Zhirmunskogo mohiotia fakaanga tuhituhi, e pā ana ki te mahi o nga māngai o tenei au e huaina e whai ake: ". Whati i te tohu" Dalyam "ao papura" pūngāwerewere a faaau ratou i te ora i roto i tenei ao, "konei me teie nei". feliliuaki morare me nga momo o Karaitiana kua whakakapi e te hou "toka aueue ore uara."

Ko te kaupapa o te aroha i roto i te mahi o te rohi pehe

ka haere Akhmatova ki te tuhinga o te rau tau 20, tona wahi tuatahi, me te kaupapa tuku iho mō te lyrics World - te kaupapa o te aroha. Heoi, he parau hou tona otinga i roto i nga mahi o te rohi pehe. rotarota o Akhmatova matara i rotarota vahine hoê mana'ona'oraa, te aroaro i roto i te rau tau 19 e taua ingoa rite Carolina Pavlova, Yulia Yulia Zhadovskaya, Mirra Lokhvitskaya. He tawhiti hoki ratou i te "pai", āhuatanga lyricism waitara o te aroha whiti o nga Symbolists. I roto i tenei tikanga, i okioki ai te nuinga i runga i lyrics Russian me te tuhi o te rau tau 19, Akhmatova. Creativity i tanupoú reira. O. E. Mandelshtam, mo te tauira, i tuhituhi i kawea mai nga lyrics te matatini o te pūrākau Russian o te rau tau 19, Akhmatova. He tuhinga roa i runga i te mahi i taea e te reira ki te tīmata ki tenei tuhituhinga.

I roto i te "ahiahi" e kawea mai i roto i te rerekē kaihäpai mana'o akakoroanga, engari kua te wahine pūrotu kua paopao tonu, tukua, te mauiui. tuhituhi Chukovsky e pā ana ki reira, e ki te tetahi tuatahi ite i taua te kinongia ana - he whiti, ko reira Akhmatova (tuhinga roa i runga i nga mahi o reira, "Akhmatova ko Mayakovsky", hanga e te kaituhi taua, kua nui wāhi ki tona fakatangá ka nga irava o te rohi pehe e kore tāngia). kite te aroha, whaiāipo te puna o te auahatanga, kaua ki te kanga. E huaina E toru ngā wāhanga o te kohinga, aua, "Love," "kākaá '" me "Muse". wahinetanga pakarukaru me te huatau ngā i roto i te lyrics Akhmatova ki tona whakaaetanga itoito o te mauiui. O te rotarota 46 ngā i roto i tenei kohinga, oti rawa tata hawhe i ki pekanga me te mate. Ko kahore aituā tenei. I roto i te wā i 1910 ki te 1912 e nohoia pehe he kratkodnevnosti tikanga, i ia he mate kei. Na roto i te 1912, ka mate a e rua o ona tuahine o te mate kohi, na Anna Gorenko (Akhmatova, nei te ora me te mahi e whakaaro tatou) whakapono e pa ki te taua e pa ana ki a ia. Heoi, e kore te mea i herea, i roto i te rerekē ki te Symbolists, wehenga me te mate ki te mau mana'o o te hepohepo, mamae. hoatu tenei huru ara ki te wheako o te ao o te ataahua.

Faaitehia i roto i te pukapuka "Po" me hopea ka mau āhua tuatahi i roto i te "MAITAI", ka "mōkihi White" nga āhuatanga motuhake o te kāhua o te rohi pehe.

Ko te tumu o te hinengaro me te mahara

Aamu he lyricism hohonu tupu Anny Andreevny. Kua i roto i te "mārama", me te "ahiahi" ki te kaupapa o te aroha, i reira e rua atu taumu'a matua - te hinengaro, me te mahara.

"Taime nō", i tohua e te hītori kāinga (i timata i roto i 1914, te Ao Tuatahi Pakanga), orua ki te wā uaua i roto i te ora o te rohi pehe. whakatuwheratia te reira i roto i 1915, mate kohi, tona mate tuku whānau.

"Pushkinizm" Akhmatova

I tua atu whakarei ake te mau tumu o te hinengaro me te mahara i roto i te "kahui White", i muri nei mahi reira e predominating. Kei te hurihuri kāhua Poetic o te rohi pehe i roto i te tau 1915-1917. Piki whakahē whakahuatia he ahua o "pushkinizm" Akhmatova. Ko tōna ngako he kakató toi, tika o whakapuaki. Kei te tuhia hoki te reira i te aroaro o "apa citationality" ki he tokomaha karanga pukapuka me nä e rua to'utangata me matua ki: O. E. Mandelshtamom, B. L. Pasternakom, AA poraka. te taonga wairua katoa o te ahurea to tatou whenua o ko muri Akhmatova, me ia ite tika tona kainga.

whenua Subject i roto i nga mahi a Akhmatova, e pā ana ki te Revolution

Kāore i taea engari pā te mahi o nga ngā whakaari i roto i te ora o te rohi pehe. Akhmatova, tona ora, me te mahi i roto i te wā uaua mo to matou whenua, whakaae te Revolution o 1917 te tau, ano he kino. Te whenua tawhito, i roto i tona whakaaro, kore ake. whenua Subject i roto i nga mahi o Akhmatova māngai, hei tauira, i roto i te pukapuka "Anno Domini". ka tuwhera te wāhanga ka puta mai tenei i roto i te tau 1922, ka karanga te kohinga ko "I muri katoa". i tangohia raina epigraph ki te pukapuka katoa "i aua tau tino mīharo ..." F. I. Tyutcheva. he kore hoki te rohi pehe kāinga ...

Heoi Akhmatova revolution - ko reira ano hoki te payback mo te ora mua o te hara, utu. Kia te wahine pūrotu o lyrical me e kore e hanga ano te kino, mana'o ia e he wāhi i roto i tetahi he o te whānui, kia rite Akhmatova ki faaite i te wahi uaua o ratou iwi. Whenua i roto i nga mahi o te titauraa a Akhmatova ki te hoko ia ia.

Ahakoa te taitara o te pukapuka whakamāoritanga rite "I roto i te tau o te Ariki", te reira ta e kite i te rohi pehe rite te hinaaro o te Atua i tona tau. Ko te whakamahi o faitatau hītori me tohu te Bibilia riro tetahi o nga ara ki te matau kei te tupu toi i roto i Russia. E piki paitanga ratou Akhmatova (hei tauira, te ruri "Cleopatra," "Dante", "irava Bible").

Ko nga kupu o tenei punake nui, "e ahau" i tenei wa riro "tatou". korero Akhmatova mo o "tokomaha." Katoa haora, e kore anake o te rohi pehe, engari ano hoki ona to'ume'á, e kia whakatikaia ai e te kupu a te rohi pehe.

Ko nga kaupapa matua o te auaha Akhmatova, rite tonu enei, a ko reira angamaheni mo te wā o te ora o te rohi pehe. Kei te maha rite reira ki tetahi atu - ki Marina Tsvetaeva. Rua o enei he i tenei ra i te kēnana o te whiti wahine. Heoi, e kore e anake te mea he rota i roto i te noa, engari rerekē i roto i te maha tikanga auaha Akhmatova me Tsvetaeva. pinepine ui te tuhituhi i runga i tenei kaupapa ākonga ki te tuhituhi. I roto i te meka, he reira ngā ki te kohuki e runga aha he reira ngā taea ki te whakapoauau i te pehepehe i tuhituhia e Akhmatova, me mahi i hanga e Tsvetaeva. Ko e ko tetahi kaupapa ...