Ariā Institutional o tika rawa

E huaina tika Āhuatanga mana o takitahi rōpū o takitahi ki te whakamahi i ngā rauemi ranei. Tenei hononga i waenganui i te iwi, e puta tika ki te aroaro o taonga, me to ratou whakamahinga atu.

Ko te ariā o ngā tika rawa tautuhi ana te ture o te whanonga i runga i te taonga. Kore ki te rave i te reira arata'i ki te hua nui i roto i ngā utu.

Me mahara hoki käore te reira e hāngai ana nga whanaunga rawa e i runga i te raruraru o te matekai o ngā rauemi. Whakatūnga mai o āhei ki a koutou te whakawhāiti me te whakahaere i ngā papā i runga i te whakamahi o ngā rauemi motuhake. whakaiti ratou te papû ore o te taiao ōhanga, hanga reira tonutia atu. iho tika tiakina matatini, tikanga tohia.

Ko te ariā o mana rawa e pā ana ki te whanonga o te hinonga ohaoha. Heoi, e kore e rāhui me here whakarato i te whakatinanatanga unambiguous o enei tikanga.

ariā Institutional o tika rawa whakaaro te utu o tika kia rite ki te utu o ngā o nga mana, e ngā āhuatanga tahi: mana, te whakahaere me te whakamahi o te tika ki te moni, uara whakapaipai o te mea, mo te haumaru, whakawhitia te taonga e pai ai tupu ranei, kia tika ki te whiu, mau tonu , te tumanako o te hokinga tūturu, te aukati o te whakamahi kino.

whakatakotoranga raruraru

Ko te whakatakotoranga ngā he whakamāramatanga pū o te katoa tika kamupene. Ki te te huinga o ngā tika mārama, e kore engari he nui tiaki i reira, e faarahi te reira i te mōrea o te papû ore. I roto i te ao tūturu e kore e taea e tiaki, me whakawhiwhinga whakatakotoranga tino no te mea e titau te reira i te oti, ngā mōhiohio whānui.

Blurring puta ina e hē pumau tika mana ranei raro ki here, e whakaiti i te whai huatanga o te whakamahi o ngā rauemi, me ratou uara.

Coase ture tauwehe

E ai ki a Coase, awenga (spillovers) whakatika ina e kore e āta tāutuhia mana. blames ia te oraraa o rahunga mākete. Na reira, ko te mea e tika ana ki te whakapai ake i te ture. Ki te mea ko koe tonu rahunga mākete noho, ka ki kupu i te kāwanatanga.

E whakaatu ana te ariā o ngā tika rawa i roto i te ture tauwehe Coase e kore te raruraru ko te wātea o te taonga tūmataiti, me ona mau paruparu. Here, He wāhi matua e utu tauwhitinga. I roto i taua take, ki te e rite ana ki te kore, te hiahia mo te ture ture ratou. A, no te he pai ratou, nga mana tohatoha mutu ki te kia kūpapa. Kei te timata te reira ki te whai i te pānga i runga i te hanganga o te whakaputa me tona pai. Ko te kupu, ko te ariā ohaoha o ngā tika rawa, i roto i ngā te ture tauwehe Coase, tuwhera ki he mahara ki te tūranga o te kāwanatanga, huarahi hou.

Ko te whakatutukitanga matua o te ariā

Ko te ariā o ngā tika rawa mohio āta te oraraa o ngā pūnaha o te mana kē. E toru matua tikanga ture. A, no te taonga tūmataiti ko te rangatira o te takitahi kotahi. Tona kupu ki tetahi take whakamahi rauemi he whakamutunga. Ko te kupu, kei roto i te hononga monū'ia i roto i ngā o te whai wāhi ki etahi rauemi mau taata: ko reira tuwhera anake ki te rangatira tangata kua foaki ki nei ia whakawhitia mana ranei ranei. A, no te kāwanatanga-fatuhia whakaratohia wāhi ki ngā rauemi onge te i runga i te pūtake o te moni ngā o te hapori. I roto i te meka he tūranga faingamālie kahore tetahi he, mai kore e mohio moni-whaiaro kahore tetahi o rite rawaka mō te whakamahi o tetahi rauemi. A, no te taonga noa te tūranga fana'o, engari uru ki tuwhera ki te katoa nga painga e me kahore tetahi.