Awa waka. Transportation i te waka awa. Riverport

Water (awa) waka - tenei waka, e whakarato ana transportation o pāhihi me taonga e oko i runga i ngā arawai e rua te take mai tūturu (awa, ngā roto) me te horihori (Faarii, awa). Ko tōna painga matua ko te utu iti, hanga reira he wahi nui i roto i te pūnaha transportation e hānga ana o te whenua, ahakoa te tau takoto, me te tere iti.

Huapai me ngā huakore

waka awa Russian e whai wāhi nui i roto i ā-rohe me te waka kōtuitui-rohe o to matou whenua. takoto ona painga i roto i te ara o te take taiao, i roto i te whakaritenga e whakamahi iti te utu atu i mo te hanga o rerewē me ara. Ko raro atu i te tereina utu utanga i roto i ngā arawai. Ko he teitei i te 35 ōrau mahi hua.

Heoi, transportation awa i te maha o ngā āhuatanga - he tau i roto i te natura, i te tere kaupapa iti, iti whakamahi, i te mea e tika ana ki te whirihoranga o te whatunga wai. I tua atu, i te iatuku nui o to tatou whenua rere i te raki ki te tonga, me te i te tonga ki te raki, me nga rerenga utanga matua i te aronga latitudinal.

huarahi matua

Nā ki te hanga o hūkere o awa hurihiko Täingäwai ko kama tahuri ki paipa hohonu-wai. Interbasin hononga o te Moscow-Täingäwai, te White moana-Paratiki me Täingäwai-Paratiki me Täingäwai-Don me Täingäwai he i tenei ra i te pūnaha wai hohonu United, te roa tapeke - 6,3 mano kiromita. A, no te he hua on o te waka uta wai i roto i te wahi ki te rawhiti o Russia ko tonu te tūranga ārahi pupuri e te takotoranga wai Täingäwai-kama. I tona awa mo neke atu i te rima tekau ōrau ia o te waka o ngā pāhihi me te utanga. Ko te wahi matua i roto i te peihana ka mau waka awa waka o rauemi hanganga (60 ōrau). kawea ratou waka i roto i roto i ngā tohutohu e rua, he mea pai io pūāhua intra.

He aha e kawea e arawai Russia?

waka awa i roto i enei pera homai e te nuinga rakau, ai nga oko e rua, me te koroheke, i runga i te mōkihi, te tikanga koranu. I runga i te ngahere Siberian Täingäwai kama kawea me haere te Täingäwai-Baltic Waterway - ngahere Vologda ko Arkhangelsk rohe, Karelia mo nga rohe o te Te Tai Tokerau Caucasus me te rohe Täingäwai. waka awa i roto i Moscow he wāhi i roto i te rakau transportation i runga i taua hongere i roto i te rohe Moscow me Moscow. Na roto i te tauranga o te Täingäwai ko kama i roto i te waro Kuznetsk kawea peihana, a ka e kawea ai e te arawai ki teihana mana. I roto i te tua, he wahi nui ko te tuku o te tote - ki te kohua Baskunchan te tote ake nga tauranga Täingäwai Täingäwai, nga Urals, te Center, i roto i te Te Tai Tokerau-Te Hau-ā-uru o te hinonga o te ahumahi hī ika, me te mo te kaweake. I tua atu, ake te Täingäwai tonoa hua ahuwhenua (merengi) o Volgograd ko Astrakhan rohe, te ika i te Moana o Kapiana, me te hua matū i te rohe Täingäwai me nga Urals. I roto i te tohutohu e rua, kawea hua hinu, me te hinu masivesivá, utanga witi.

Ko te ahunga matua

Kei te tino pai te whakawhanakehia waka awa Russian i roto i te peihana Täingäwai-kama, no te mea te kama me ona kautawa - he nui ki te Urals hononga ki te Te Tai Tokerau Te Hau-ā-uru, te Center, te rohe Täingäwai - te Vyatka me Belaya. Te kama iho hokohokona te nuinga witi, rakau, te hinu, taonga matū, rauemi hanga kohuke. I roto i te aronga whakamuri pahemo atu te waro, sima, rakau. Ko te utanga o runga kama tino iti. I tua atu, Täingäwai-Don hongere i tauturu waka hua o nuinga Täingäwai. Ngā mihi ki a ia, i te wāhi tata ki te Don, te Täingäwai kawe te witi, waro, merengi, hua ahumahi, me te tahi atu taonga. I roto i te aronga ritenga - hua sima, haora, rakau, matū. te maua e tenei katoa waka awa. Samara, me te tahi atu pa i roto i te rohe Middle Täingäwai, ko te kiritaki nui o enei taonga. He wāhi nui i roto i te whanaketanga o te transportation tākaro te hononga arawai i waenganui i tenei takotoranga wai me te rohe Te Tai Tokerau-Te Hau-ā-uru, me te ki atu āhua o te moana Baltic roto i te ara Täingäwai-Paratiki. kawea Therethrough apatite kareti kei roto i te tonga, haora, rauemi hanga, rakau, me te raki - kawenga matū, te witi, waro, me te hinu hua.

transportation pāhihi

I roto i te rerenga pāhihi takiwa me te matua o te takotoranga wai Täingäwai-kama. ka whakahere tetahi teihana awa tangata he momo o te rohe, te tauwhiro, tāone me ngā wāhi tapa tāone. Kei te whānui oko pāhihi whakamahia i roto i te whakahaere o te tāpoi me te hākinakina. Ko te roa ko te aho tauwhiro i Moscou ki Astrakhan, Perm, Rostov ko Ufa. Ko te teihana awa nui i roto i te pane o Russia. I roto i te peihana Täingäwai-Vyatka o te tauranga awa nui ko Nizhny Novgorod, Volgograd, Moscow, Perm, Astrakhan, Kazan, Yaroslavl.

Te Tai Tokerau-uru

Awa kua roa i mahi rite te kōrero ikiiki pokapū o te Te Tai Tokerau-Western me rohe ōhanga Northern. I roto i te wahi Pākehā o te awa matua mō te transportation o taonga ko te Dvina awa Northern me ona kautawa ko Sukhona Vychegda, Pechora, Mezen, a Northwest - Svir, Neva me te White moana-Paratiki Canal. tū te awa raki he awa kaha o ngā rauemi kohuke hanga me te hinu, rakau, me te witi, me te waro. Ko te tauranga tuatahi ko Narjan Mar, Pechora, Mezen, Arkhangelsk, Kotlas.

Northwest poka homai e southbound rakau me te ore rino i Karelia, kareti apatite kola Peninsula. I roto i te huarahi i te ritenga - hua ahumahi, te witi, te tote, me te hinu. He wāhi tauwhiro mō ngā taonga e Volkhov, Petrozavodsk ko St Petersburg. No reira, whakaritea i roto i Moscow, me te rohe Upper Täingäwai raina pāhihi tūturu. Pai whakawhanakehia konei me te ara rohe, i ngā kitea ki te hua i roto i te maha o oko nui-tere tenei.

whaka te rawhiti

I roto i te rawhiti, Russia i te wahi tuatahi o nga take o te transportation e Ob-Irtysh peihana i Western Siberia. whai wāhi awa waka kei ki te whanaketanga o te hinu, me te hau rauemi, me te ngahere. O te kōpuku waka transshipment matua (Roho, Novosibirsk, Omsk) i runga i te Irtysh me Ob tukua waro, taputapu kōhao me putorino, rauemi hanga, kai me te hua ahumahi i roto i te wāhi o te hinu, me te hau mara o te rohe Tyumen. kawea tukunga o taonga ki te tuawhenua o te fenua i roto i runga i te moana Northern Route, aru e reloading i nga mangai o te taz, Puri ko obi runga riverboats. Te nuinga o te waka taka i runga i te wahie e haere ki te waka mōkihi i roto i te tauranga awa o Asino. Na ka te kawea te reira i runga i nga kaipuke i te Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk. Neke atu i te hauwhā o deliveries haere te Irtysh me Ob hanga rauemi hanga e haere mai i te rohe tonga ki te raki, i roto i nga wāhi o te hinu, me te hau ahumahi. Ano, faufaa nui he transportation awa i roto i te transportation o taonga witi, te tote, waro me ngā hua hinu.

Obi, me nga tauranga i tahito ra o Barnaul ko Novosibirsk, te wāhi nui takaro e tauranga e kua puta ake i roto i te hononga ki te hanga o pokapū ahumahi - Surgut, Ob, Labytnangi, Salekhard.

Angara ko Yenisei

hononga awa Yenisei waka te wahi tonga o Eastern Siberia ki te rohe Arctic. Here tae ngahere transportation e rua hautoru o te katoa rerekē haere o te Yenisei. I tua atu, kawea te awa rauemi witi, te hinu, waro me te kohuke hanga. Kura Yenissei i Minusinska ki Krasnoyarsk, āhuatanga e te predominance o te taonga rere te awa wahi matua noho a reira witi.

Ko te mangai o te Angara: konei mai te wahi matua o te ngahere, e wehe te rere o taonga i runga i te Yenisei. whakahaua te wahi matua te whakarunga, me te mangai, me te ki Dickson - te awa. I tua atu ki ngahere, he tūranga nui nohoia e te transportation o rauemi hanganga, me te kohuke waro. Ko te tauranga matua ko Krasnoyarsk, Yeniseysk, Dudinka, Igarka, a ki runga ki te Angara - Makarievo, Bratsk, Irkutsk, UST-Ilim.

Lena ko Amur

tīmata Lena kaipuke i Osetrovo tauranga, a kawea atu ki te raorao awa. Here, i roto i te tua ki taonga kāinga tukua taonga e haere mai i te tereina - i Tiksi Bay Sturgeon. E rua hautoru o te waka ki runga waro me ngā rauemi hanga, me te toenga - ko te ngahere, me te hinu. Ko te nuinga o ratou i runga ki raro. E kawea ngā mahi utanga i roto i te tauranga o Kirensk, sturgeon, Yakutsk, Vitim.

I roto i te Far Te Tai Rāwhiti, he faufaa waka nui o te Amur me ona kautawa Zeya me Bureya. Ko te kawenga matua he purapura, te tote, konganuku, waro, rakau, te hinu, me te ika. tauranga nui - Komsomolsk-i runga i-Amur, Blagoveshchensk, Khabarovsk. I roto i ēnei wāhanga, e tika ana ki te hanganga takarepa o te waka awa kōrero whenua he nui, me i te transportation o pāhihi.

waka moana

Ko te hiranga nui o waka moana ko e whakarato ana te reira i te wahi tino nui o te hokohoko ke a Russia. Ko faufaa anake Cabotage ki homai rohe rawhiti me te raki o te whenua o. Ko te rerekē haere o taonga mō te waka moana ko te waru ōrau. tutuki tēnei rite te hua o te waka tawhiti roa - e pā ana ki 4.5 mano kiromita. Transportation o pāhihi i roto i te waka moana e iti.

Raruraru o te waka moana o Russia

I roto i te waka moana ao-whānui o te utanga rerekē haere runga tuatahi, e tu ana i roto i nga deliveries raro-utu o te taonga. I roto i te Russian Federation kua whakawhanakehia reira ko ngā ngoikore, ko reira hoki te pokapū ōhanga matua o te whenua matara rawa atu i te seaports. I roto i te tua, he wahi nui o nga moana e karapoti te rohe o Russia e mīti. Tenei tino whakanuia ana te utu o te whakamahi i tenei momo o te waka. Ko tētahi atu raruraru ko te kaipuke rawa tawhito o to tatou whenua. Hei tauira, i hanga te moana me te waka awa i roto i Russia i runga i rua tekau nga tau ki muri, e kore te mea e manakohia e i paerewa o te ao, kia whakakorehia te taua kaipuke. I roto i te kaipuke motu tata kahore momo hou o oko: mama, ipu, hau, kaipuke ki whakapae utanga o-unloading me ētahi atu. I mua ki hono te Crimea, ko Russia tahi anake seaports nui, engari ehara i te mea nui hoki te taua whenua nui. Ka rite ki te hua, e pā ana ki te hawhe o te taonga e haere mai ana i te moana, mahi e te tauranga ke. Ko te nuinga enei lepupilika Soviet mua: Ukraine (Odessa), Latvia (Ventspils), Estonia (Tallinn), Lithuania (Klaipeda). Ko te whakamahi o te waka moana wae kaipuke o ētahi atu whenua, me te whakatairanga nui te parekura pūtea. Ki te te nui ake iti iho ranei faatiti'aifarohia te tauranga Moana Black ki te āhuatanga, i runga i te rohe moana Baltic te hanga i te tauranga hou.