BCG (te kano): mau hopearaa, pōauautanga, contraindications

Kohi - mate hopuhopu kino meinga e te mate kohi Mycobacterium, me Mycobacterium kohi. whakawhanake te mate tere, kua he rota o ngā pānga me pōauautanga, mahue he tohu i runga i te tinana mo te ora. Kia aroha mai, rite na te tokomaha noa atu, he māmā ake ki te ārai atu i ki te mutu whakatika te mate te mate. Ki te rā, anake te tikanga o te ārai TB ko BCG-kano. Mau hopearaa, pōauautanga me contraindications - tuhinga.

Deciphering te kano ārai mate BCG

He aha e te BCG whakarāpopototanga? Deciphering ingoa Latin te tikanga te rite BCG Bacillus Calmette-Guérin. Iritihia ki Russian, te auraa "Bacillus Calmette-Guérin." Ko te kupu, ehara i te mea he BCG whakaiti whakarāpopototanga. Deciphering tenei - he pānui tika o te whakapotonga Latin, tuhituhia i roto i Cyrillic.

kano ārai mate BCG: he aha te mea te reira?

BCG - Ko te whakatārewatanga o attenuated momo mycobacterium Bovine ki te mate o te virulence mō te tangata. E rua ngā momo:

1. BCG - te ihirangi o te Mycobacterium kohi i roto i te hanganga o te kano he iti rawa ki te meinga mate. Heoi, E ranea ana kia i taea ki te whakawhanake i te mate ki te mate kino i te tinana tenei nui. I roto i te whenua katoa, ahakoa o te kaiwhakanao, te hanganga o te kano kotahi. Ko reira reira koretake ki te whakarite "iwi" mō ngā hua ke i runga i te whakakitenga i whaiaro e he reira pai atu motu.
2. BCG-M - e tika ana ki ngā taumata iti o tinana koiora (e rua ngā wā iti iho i te i roto i te kano ārai mate BCG tikanga), werohia reira ki te mate kohi halá, tamariki ngoikore. I tua atu, ki te te tamaiti mo tetahi take, "tuwhanga mea" i roto i te fare ma'i, a kihai i tomo i te kano i roto i te wa, ara whakamahia BCG-M te i roto i ngā hōhipera.

Na ahakoa e hiahia ana koe i te kano?

Ko te kahore ngaro e kore e hoatu e te kano 100% kī e muri huaketo ki kore e haere mate kohi ki te tupu. Na reira he aha te mea te reira hoki, ui koe. Ko te meka e mahia BCG TB wātea i te mate, e taea o te whakarato tiaki kaha ki te mate tuatahi, me te taea hoapā whai-ake ki kawe o TB. Ki te he ano ngoikore atu te mate te tinana, ka aukati i te kano te whanaketanga o rawa taimaha, ngā momo geniralizovannyh o te mate kohi (miliary me puka tohatohaina). Ko te kupu, kahore he whakarato tiaki tonu ki te mate, werohia e rave rahi whakahaere te mate, ki te huaketo.

Ko wai werohanga BCG tūtohu?

Vaccination te kāwai o te iwi tūtohutia:

1. Hou. kia kē tamariki katoa BCG e kano tau. Ngā roto i ngā wāhi ki te nuinga nui o te mate kohi.
2. Tangata e e tonu i roto i te whakapā ki te TB huaketo (te nuinga o ngā nēhi tubdispantserov etc).

I te aha tau BCG werohanga?

BCG ka mahi ratou? faaoti werohanga Paraimere ki te whakahaere i te tamaiti hou hauora mō te 3-7 ra o te ora. Me titiro tākuta mua te tamaiti, ki te pupuri i te ine pāmahana (contraindicated piki tukanga pāmahana tinana te), tango ki pūkete te hītori whaiaro me contraindications taea katoa. I tua atu, i hanga tamariki kano ki BCG e muri anake kōrero ki te mātanga hauora ki te hua oti o whakamātautau toto me ngā whakamātautau mimi.

Ko te kano ki te kia whakahaerea intradermally, te mata o te pokohiwi maui waho, e kore e nui ake te horopeta 0.05 mg. Technique o te tikanga tā te whakataki āta - i roto i te tikanga ki te kia e makaka te ngira i te koki e hiahiatia ana. Ki te mahi tika, i hanga te wāhi i werohia te papule ki te diameter 7-9 mm, tae ma o, te tikanga ngaro i muri i 15-20 meneti i muri i te tukanga.

Tamariki nei, mo te kotahi take ranei tetahi kihai i i werohia i roto i te hōhipera pangia werohanga i te faingamālie tuatahi. Ki te, Heoi, mai i te whanautanga o neke atu i te rua marama i mua i werohanga obligatory i roto i te whakamātautau Mantoux. Ki te hua pai o BCG rāhuitia whakahaere.

takoto te lekooti hauora o te tākuta fanau te ki te hanga i te tuhipoka o te werohanga, e tohu ana i te rā o te werohanga, te raupapa kano me te tau mana. I tua atu, whakaurua te kōrero kei te me te ora papa o te raau taero tomo, me te te kaiwhakanao.

Nui! riria kano Place te ki te hapai i tetahi rongoā. e kore te Bandaging whakaaetia ano.

He aha te wiwi?

Ano, Kei te maha ui wawe te aha kia ki BCG tākuta. A, no te te kano, fifili mātua tamaiti aha hou tonu e kore e kaha i runga i te kaipehi o te toru o nga ra ki te whakamatautau taua. Ko te take i te āhuatanga ki te mate kohi ko e kahore e matau tūroro katoa e pā ana ki te raruraru, tonu ki te ārahi i te ora noa. Ka rite ki kawe o mate kino, e noa ki te haere ki nga wahi tūmatanui ratou, meinga riri nui, rawa hoki te kuao tamaiti. Ko te tino nui te mōrea o te whakaminenga i te koati ki te huakita. Ko tenei he aha kawea werohanga i roto i nui taea wawe ki i te wa o te rere, kua kē tīmata te tamaiti ki te hanga i wātea i te mate ki te Mycobacterium kohi.

revaccination BCG

Revaccination ka hei tamariki i raro i te tau o 7 me te 14 nga tau, engari anake ki te urupare huakore ki te whakamātautau Mantoux. Ko te wā i waenganui i Mantoux me booster kore e nui ake rua wiki.

Kia aroha mai, kua huaketo rohe epidemiologically rawakore o nga tamariki whenua ki Mycobacterium roa i mua i te booster tuatahi, na ano kahore ratou e whai wāhi ki BCG.

He aha ngā tukanga puta i roto i te tinana i muri i BCG?

I roto i te wāhi i werohia timata tonu tae macrophages (monocytes ranei - he momo o leukocytes), absorbent kohi Mycobacterium. mate tahi te kaihoko fakatupu o te mate ki te macrophages, hua i roto i te hanganga o te caseosa necrotic. Haere i waho, meinga ratou mātānawe i te pae o te whakahaere o te kano.

Ko te tauhohenga ki BCG

Urupare Ko te whanaketanga o te papule i te wāhi i werohia, e te tikanga puta i roto i nga kohungahunga 4-6 wiki i muri i te werohanga. I te pae o te Typhoid ko ki te hanga i nawe, i runga i nei te rahi ki te whakawa i te hoko i roto i te TB wātea i te mate. Na, ki te i muri i BCG nawe i hanga e 2-4 mm, ka mea tatou e ka te tu atu i te tinana o te uhi te mate i roto i 3-5 tau. Ki te te rahi 5-7 mm o - te tiaki te tinana mō te 5-7 tau, me i 8-10 mm - mō te 10 tau.

Tikanga, Kei te pai nohotahi te kano, engari i ētahi wā i reira ko te ahua o tauhohe:

• numinumi kau BCG. Ki te kore e te whero whakawhānui ki te kikokiko e karapoti ana te kitea anake i roto i te tauhohe uhi, ko reira te täkupu. I roto i te wā onge, i roto i te tua ki te whero me te ngawhatanga kia hanga i nawe keloid. e kore e taea e take mō āwangawanga i roto i tenei kia: na e tauhohe te kiri ki te tarukino.
• festers BCG. Suppuration me abscesses - he tauhohenga tonu ki wāhanga werohanga, ka e kia tū hohoro. Rapu i aro hauora e, ki te i roto i te tua ki hakihaki a tawhio noa te pae o te werohanga puta whero me te ngawhatanga: puta maru ia pea mate, e tika Me ki kia tukinotia.
• ahi BCG. Manukanuka ka haere ki te utu te tākuta anake i roto i te take o te horapa o te edema me te mumura ki runga ki te kiri o te pokohiwi, tera taha o te wahi o te werohanga.
• itches BCG. Apohia e i te wāhi i werohia - noa, engari tākuta tohutohu ki te hoatu whāriki i runga i te patunga ki te pehi i te tamaiti i te rakuraku.
• Temperature muri BCG. Fever i roto i te hou ki runga ki te 38 nekehanga ko te täkupu e, engari ki te whai koe i te tamaiti-tau e whitu i muri i revaccination kitea pāmahana ara, kia rapu tonu i aro hauora.

He aha e te kore o te whakautu?

Ki te i muri i te kore werohanga i te wāhi i werohia i hanga e nawe, he reira he tohu e kore i whai hua te kano, no te mea e kore te wātea i te mate ki mate kino i hanga. Meinga hoki āwangawanga i roto i tenei take e kore e waiho: etahi wa i muri i te fariiraa i te urupare huakore ki te whakamātautau Mantoux taea te whakamana revaccination kahore tatari 7 tau o te tau.

He nohinohi te kore o te whakautu ki te werohanga tuatahi, puta i roto i te 5-10% o ngā tamariki. I tua atu, e pā ana ki 2% o te taupori i runga i te ao i te wātea i te mate tumu ki te kohi. Tenei te tikanga e te mate i roto i to ratou ra, e kore ratou e taea i roto i te parau tumu.

Contraindications ki werohanga

e kore te mea rite whānui Contraindications BCG, ngā enei:

1. tamarii fanau kotahi iti iho i te 2500 g (i 2-4 tohu o prematurity).
2. wā mate whakapeka ranei exacerbation o mate mau. kia Vaccination i roto i tenei take e kawea atu i muri anake rongoa oti, ka e kia faaiteraa haumanu o te mate whakamutunga.
3. ārai congenital.
4. Ko te aroaro o te hou i roto i te hapu o te whakatakiruatanga o mate BCG.
5. HIV-huaketo whaea.
6. Kanisā.
7. Lymphoma.
8. Suppressive raau taero therapy wātea i te mate.

Contraindications ki revaccination

Contraindications ki revaccination e:

1. Exacerbation o mate mau tetahi ma'i whakapeka i te wa o te werohanga ki BCG ranei. pāmahana Body (nui haere) ko he tautohe nui mō te whakawhiti täpiritanga. Tikanga kawea revaccination te i te marama i muri i te ora.
2. Malignancies.
3. huru ārai.
4. Mate kohi (tae atu atamira whakaora).
5. Ko te tauhohenga pai ki te whakamātautau Mantoux.
6. Fifi i muri i te werohanga tuatahi.

Tangata nei ko te kianga wā i werohanga no o contraindications, kia raro i te te tirotiro o kaimahi hauora, me te tango ki pūkete ki te ora tonu, me te Typhoid. Tangata i raro revaccination, te mātakitaki hoki a kia puta i runga i te taha uhi tauhohenga i muri i te 1, 3, 6, 12 marama i muri i te tukanga.

Kei roto i tēnei te taki mō te uhi tauhohenga?

kawea ana tēnei taki i roto i muri i 1-3 marama, e ono marama, me te kotahi tau i muri i werohanga me revaccination, ngā reira:

• rahi rēhita o te tauhohenga rohe.
• āhua rēhita o te tauhohenga (aromatawai ranei reira ko te hanganga o papules, pustules remu crusted ranei). I tua atu, tirohia te ähua te pae o te Typhoid.

BCG: e taea pōauautanga?

Ahakoa he haumaru, me te haumaru i te kano? He he pōauautanga o BCG-kano? Ka taea e te mau hopearaa faaite mai ano i roto i te puka o:

• Osteitis - kohi o te wheua. te tikanga puta te whanaketanga o te mate i muri i 0.5-2 nga tau i muri i te werohanga, ai reira disorders nui o te pūnaha ārai mate.
• Whānui mate BCG - i hanga i roto i te aroaro o tumu disorders ārai o te tamaiti.
• Mumura waitinana kōpuku - titau wawaotanga hāparapara tonu ki te reira ko te hua koi i roto i te rahi waitinana kōpuku (i runga i te 1 cm te whānui).
• whēwhē Cold - titau pokanga. Tenei āhuatanga Ko te putanga o te subcutaneous (hei utu intradermal) whakahaere o te kano ārai mate BCG. Vaccination, te mau hopearaa o e he e whai ake, i tū matau ki.
• nawe Keloid - ko te whero, kiri tetere i te pae o te Typhoid. I roto i te aroaro o te nawe revaccination i te tau o e whitu e kore e kawea ki waho.
• E whakaatu ana whewhe whānui he tūtohutanga tiketike ki nga wāhanga tamaiti o te faaineineraa. Ko te tikanga i homai maimoatanga rohe.

Hototahi ki ētahi atu kano

He motuhake kano ārai mate BCG, te whakamahi tukutahi o te tahi atu raau taero ki nei inadmissible. Haunga, e kore e tukua ki te kawe i roto i werohanga atu e kore anake i te ra o te tautuhinga BCG, engari ano mo te 4-6 wiki, i roto i te takanga o ngā tauhohenga ki te tarukino. I muri i te werohanga o BCG ki tetahi atu kano me haere i te iti rawa 35-45 ra.

I mua ki te werohanga BCG pea te tamaiti ki kakā B. te huru anake ko te wā okiokinga immunological, arā, tae noa ki te tau o te 3 marama contraindicated tamaiti tetahi kano.

Babycare muri BCG

Tikanga, e kore e tetahi pānga i muri i te werohanga puta, engari kia waiho te reira te tahi mea mahi ki "Reinsurance":

• Tuatahi, kia noho te taua i te kai tamaiti. I muri i te werohanga, kia waiho te tamaiti he wai nohoanga, kirika, me te ruaki. He noa enei pānga katoa, e kore ratou e tohu te ati ki te ora, me te hauora.
• Antipyretics (ki te, kia āhei kahore tamaiti kino) kia hoatu i te po i te pāmahana i runga 38,5 nekehanga. A, no te haehae febrile ki te hamani kia kirika i 37.5 nekehanga.
• Ko te whakamahi o antihistamines he tino houhou. kia haere atu whero me te puku: Ka taea e te tinana hauora hapai i runga i to ratou ake.
• e kore te kaukau rāhuitia.

Kōrero i te tākuta i roto i te take e kore e taea ki te kawe ki raro, te antipyretics pāmahana (paracetamol), ki te he te pehi te tamaiti, me te kua roa i pai ki te kai. I roto i te haehae, mate o te mahara, me te nui hakihaki i runga i te pae o te Typhoid karanga tonu te waka tūroro.

Tuhinga o BCG

I teie mahana, ake me te ake pinepine kua whakahuatia kuao mātua whakaahunga ki etahi atu kano mahi ranei, whakaaro ratou kino. Ko te ahua ko te mahi o te werohanga-kore. BCG-werohia, te mau hopearaa o te kapenga hoki e ko te tino pouri, kahore he okotahi.

Mai i anti-kohi taea ia haapae kano i roto i te ara ano rite tetahi atu. Ko te ture o te Russian Federation haapapu e tika, reira neke te kawenga mō te tamariki ki o ratou matua.

He aha e hiahia ana ahau ki te mōhio i roto i tenei whakaaro? I teie mahana, i roto i te rohe tūmatanui ko te rota o te mōhiohio e pā ana ki tino katoa. taea ki ngā take whaiaro ako-e pā ana ki te ora, me te hauora o ia ko tona hapu, ki te hanga whakatau, me te kawe i ngā kawenga mo o ratou whakapono ia tangata ko.

Ki te whiriwhiri koe i te kore ki te patiaraa i to ratou ake tamariki - e kore tetahi e mea tetahi ki a reira. Me anake ki te tuhituhi tona whakakāhoretanga ake o te mahere, kia mohio ki te whakauru e kore e taua whai tetahi kerēme ki te kaimahi i muri.