Biography poto Ivana Fedorova - pionie, mō ngā pakeke me ngā tamariki i tuhituhia

I teie mahana, kua meinga matou pukapuka kitea - pukapuka, makasini, ngā nūpepa. Ko ratou ngāwari, e whānui wātea ana, i te mea he aha te mea maha faatura me maharakore te huru ki a ratou. A kotahi ko atu te utu atu i te koura i te pukapuka, puritia ratou anake te tino taonga. Ko te hanganga o te pukapuka kotahi pau maha nga tau, i ētahi wā tekau tau. Ko te mahi ā-ringa uaua, me te teimaha, me te tika ki te hei i te karaipi whakaaro i te haamaitairaa, e taea kore te tiki i te katoa.

I roto i Europe, tīmata mea ki te huri i roto i te rau tau waenganui-15, ka whakaaro te Tiamana Johann Gutenberg te press tā. I roto i Russia, te tuatahi press tā i runga i te whakahau Ioanna Groznogo i 1563 hanga Ivan Fedorov. He aha ta tatou e matau e pā ana ki reira i teie mahana? biography poto Ivana Fedorova - pionie, mō ngā tamariki me ngā pakeke ka kia rawa ngā. Kei te aroaro reira i raro.

takenga

e kore hoki etahi hītori e mohio i te rā, me te wahi o te whanau Ivana Fedorova, tona whakapapa. Kei te whakapono te reira, Heoi, e i whanau ia i roto i Moscow, wahi i waenganui i nga tau 1510 me 1530, no ki te Belarusian Ragozina tawhito. He maha kairangahau ora pionie tohe i whanau ia i roto i 1510 i roto i te kawanatanga Kaluga.

tīmata haurongo

Kei te mohiotia te reira e ako Ivan Fedorov i te University o mua 1529 mō te 1532 ka riro tohu o te bachelor. Kei te tiaki tēnei lekooti i roto i te pukapuka University. Pea ko reira konei e te tuatahi i rongo ia e pā ana ki te patotuhinga.

Hoki i te pane, piri te tangata taitama te Ekalesia o St. Nicholas Gostunskii. Kuraina, pai-tai'o, pai-muia, ka haere ia i raro i te Tuhinga o Metropolitan Macarius. i tata ki Tsar Ivan te whakamataku nga whakamutunga, a ko reira pea e ko ia te reira te tangata te whakaaro ki te tuku i te hanganga o te press tā tuatahi i roto i Russia tangata taitamariki ahei.

Ko te hanga o te tuatahi te whare tā Russian

biography poto Ivana Fedorova - pionie, mō ngā tamariki me ngā pakeke heheu te meka nui. I roto i te 1550, i hanga te ora Fedorov he tahuri koi. Na roto i te tikanga o Ioanna Groznogo i whakaakona ia ki te whakarite i tā. Whakarewatia he mahi nui i runga i te pūrere o te tā Russian tuatahi. Mateaki kaiāwhina pionie i roto i te mahi uaua ka Pita Mstislavets me Marusha Nerefev. oti nga mahi i anake i roto i te 1563.

"Ko e Aposetolo" me "Breviary"

April 17, 1563 tīmata te ariki ki te waihanga i te pukapuka tuatahi "Te Aposetolo." I oti te reira i tata te tau. whakaaro te rā e pā ana o tona whakaputanga ki hei Maehe 1, 1564.

Tetahi biography poto o Ivan Fedorov - pionie, mō ngā tamariki hoki ngā pakeke ranei ki te tuhituhi, kia mohio ki te whakahua i tenei pukapuka, engari te ui ia taua meka ngā:

• a pukapuka 268 pepa, o nei 262 taua;
• I tukua te reira i roto i te reo Tahito Slavonic;
• tā whakamahia whero me te pango, ki te whero ingoa tāngia o nga pene;
• te pukapuka tuatahi i roto i te timatanga o ia pene hou i unu e te ringa e toi;
• Kua pene tataitahi kua whakapaipai ataahua handmade whakapaipai Floral;
• tohanga katoa o "Aposetolo" ko 1,000 kape, o nei 47 anake ora.

I roto i te 1565, i tukua e rua putanga i te pukapuka tuarua - ". Breviary" O nga kape 345 ki te kua ora 7 anake.

rere

Next, he biography poto o Ivan Fedorov - pionie, hoki ki ngā tamariki me ngā pakeke tuhituhi, parau mai ia tatou e ia ia ia ki te rere i Moscow. He i maha ngā take:

• ki te pionie whawhai marama teitei mo te wehi e e hanga pānui me te tuhituhi pukapuka tā wātea ki te iwi noa me te iwi mātauranga he nui atu uaua ki te whakahaere;
• i mauruuru ore ki te karaipi i roto i monasteries, e mau ngaro ratou taro ratou;
• ua faaite minita tenenga tama'îraa o te whare tā.

Pana ki mawhiti i hoatu tahu i roto i te 1566, i hua i roto i te pūreretā tuatahi ngaro Ivan Fedorov tata katoa taonga. haere ana ia ki Lithuania.

wā Lithuanian

Grand Duchy o Lithuania i pōwhiritia tā kaimahi koura. Kua hanga te pūreretā tuatahi Ivan Fyodorov te whakamahi i Hetman Chodkiewicz he tipu tā hou i roto i Zabludovo. I roto i te 1568-1569 gg. I whakaputaina te reira i "te evanelia Makiri", me i 1570 ka kite te tuku o "Psalter ki chasoslovtsem".

Hoki te tahi mau take unknown ohorere tapahia Chodkiewicz atu pūtea mō te tā, kua aroaro Fedorov he kainga iti ka tohutohu ki ngā i roto i te mahi pāmu. Ivan Fedorov - pionie, he haurongo poto mō ngā tamariki me ngā pakeke whakaahuatia nei i roto i te tuhinga, noho pono ki tona take. kohia e ia o ratou taonga, ka oho ki te pa ki te whānau (e mohio ana koutou, e i ia he wahine me ngā tamariki).

Mahi i roto i Lviv

Ko te toru o te wā, te pūreretā tuatahi Ivan Fyodorov timata te ora faahou. whakaritea e ia he whare tā, te wahi i roto i te 1574 whakaputaina e ia 2 ngā pukapuka:

• "Ko e Aposetolo" ki tāpiritanga me whakatikatika;
• "Primer".

Ko te whakamutunga - tetahi o nga pukapuka tino faufaa i roto i te ao. I mua i to tatou wa kua tae 1 anake tauira o reira. I teie mahana, Kei te rongoa ai i roto i te whare pukapuka Harvard.

Pokarekarenga me te ahiahi

I roto i te 1575, riro Fedorov he fakaafe i tetahi o nga rangatira momona - Konstantina Ostrozhskogo, i te press tā i roto i te whare herehere i roto i te Volyn. whakaae Pioneer te tuku, ka oho ano ki te wāhi hou. He te rangatira nui moni whakaritea e ia te pēhi tā.

Ostrog ko te wā tino hua i roto i te ora o Ivan Fedorov. Ki te 1578 me 1581 tau. tukua ia 6 pukapuka.

I roto i te 1582, ka hoki te take tā ariki ki tona whānau i roto i Lvov, i reira ka mate ia i roto i te rawakore i roto i te 1583. I tanumia ia i roto i te ohu o St. Onufrievskom. Tenei mutu te haurongo poto o Ivan Fedorov - pionie, hoki ki ngā tamariki me ngā pakeke tuhituhi.