Boris Pasternak - haurongo, te ora me te mahi

Pasternak Boris Leonidovich, tona haurongo tukua i roto i tenei tuhinga, ko tetahi o nga rangatira torutoru o te kupu, whakawhiwhia tetahi o nga tohu tino hiahiatia - te Nobel.

haurongo o te rohi pehe

whanau Boris Pasternak, tukua i roto i te tuhinga nei whakaahua, i roto i Moscow i 1890. i auaha, me te mahara hapu o te rohipehe. Whaea - he piana, ko tona papa he kaipeita rongonui, me te academician. Kua riro tona mahi whakamoemiti tiketike, me etahi i ara hokona e te kaiwhakaruruhau rongonui Tretyakov mo tona whare taonga. Leonid Osipovich Pasternak i hoa ki a Leo Tolstoy, a ko tetahi o ona ngā kaitā tino.

I tua atu ki te matamua-whanau Boris, te whānau i muri mai ka haere mai e toru atu mau tamarii - te tama whakaotinga a rua tamahine.

tamarikitanga

Boris Leonidovich Pasternak, nei ngā whiti kua kore ano i tuhituhia, mai i te whanautanga i roto i te huru auaha faahiahia. ko talitali whanui tuwhera mō manuhiri rongonui tonu te whare o ona matua '. I tua atu i Lva Tolstogo, i titiro mai e kaitito Scriabin ko Rachmaninoff, kaitoi Levitan ko Ivanov, a he tokomaha atu mau taata auaha. O te akoranga, te whakaminenga ki a ratou i taea e kore, engari pā te Pasternak. Ko te mana nui ki runga ki a ia i Scriabin, tona mana Boris-tau 13-tau mo te wa roa tino whai wāhi i roto i te waiata, a, i whakamahere ki te riro i te kaitito.

Ako Boris Pasternak (haurongo o te rohi pehe kei tenei meka) maitai. puta ia i te rima te hākinakina Moscow i ai nga akomanga e rua i raro whakaakona Vladimir Mayakovsky. Wä, ako ia i te manga hanganga o te Moscow Conservatory. kura High puta ia tīrama - ki te mētara koura, me te kaute tino i roto i ngā kaupapa katoa.

whiriwhiri uaua

Pasternak Boris Leonidovich, tona haurongo ka tapiritia muri ko kore ano te whiriwhiri pakeke meka i muri tu'ite, i takoha ki te tango i te tuatahi, he mea whakatau rawa fakamamahi mo ia - ki te waiho mahi o te kaitito. Ia ia, i roto i tona koioranga muri faataa i mea ai ia kia no te mea e kore ratou e riro te ware tino. Ko te āhua o te rohi pehe i mua nei kua he fafauraa nui, me te mahi i whakatakotoria. Ki te tīmata ia te tahi mea, ka kawea ki te tino. Na reira, ko te reira waiata rawa'ofa, engari e matau e kore i taea e ia te tiki i roto i tenei tikanga e hiahiatia ana mo te tino whaiaro, Pasternak, i roto i ana kupu, "kahakina" ia i ia.

I te 1908 ka tomo ia ki te University Moscow, te tuatahi i te Manga Ture, engari he tau i muri ke te whakatau a whakawhitia ki tari taumauri. Ka rite ki nga wa katoa, Pasternak ākonga anaana me i 1912 tonu ana akoranga i te pa University o Margburga. tohu ia i te mahi tangata tohe pai i roto i Germany, engari ohorere ia faaoti ki te horo'a ia e kore rapunga whakaaro, me te whiti.

Ko te timatanga o te ara auaha

Dabbled i roto i te rotarota, tīmata ia te mutunga, a tawhio noa 1910. ruri Boris Pasternak o o taua wā, kia rite ki te mau haamana'oraa tei Sergeya Bobrova, hoa a te rohi pehe ki te mahi tahi i roto i ngā porowhita whiti, tino tamariki i roto i te puka, e ngana ana ki te hāngai te ihirangi nui.

Toro Venice ki tona whānau i roto i te tau 1912 me te kore o tona kaumeá kua Boris maongo. Ka kitea tēnei i roto i ana irava tuatahi o taua wā.

Ki runga ki e hoki ki Moscow, haamata ia ki te whai wāhi i roto i tuhituhi o "Musaget" me "Lyrics", korero ki ana rotarota. I roto i enei tau, e ngā ia ki taua ngā i roto i te rotarota, futurism me te tohu, engari i muri mai e kore ia pai ki te tomo ki tetahi rōpū tuhituhi, a ki te kia motuhake.

ko Pasternak rahi i roto i te ora auaha 1913-1914 tau. Tuatahi, he torutoru o ana whiti i whakaputaina, a, i whakaputaina te kohinga tuatahi i roto i 1914, "Ririmu i te kapua." Ko te kitea tenei katoa ia ia nganatanga anake i tuhituhi, rite pouri ki te kounga o ratou mahi. I roto i te taua tau ka mohio ia ki a Vladimir Mayakovsky. Pasternak rite te rohi pehe taka i raro i tona mana.

Ko te whanau o te rohi pehe

Ko te tukanga o te auaha - te tahi mea rawa tatararaa. hanga ngāwari te tangata, kia rite ki te mea arearea roa, te tahi atu āta hones ia parau, te whakatutuki tino. no te whakamutunga ki Boris Pasternak. Poetry hoki ia - te reira e kore noa he homai nui, engari ano hoki te mahi pakeke. Na reira, anake whakaputaina i roto i te 1922 i te kohinga o "toku tuahine - Life", e whakaaro ia te timatanga o tona mahi tuhituhi. ruri Boris Pasternak o, ngā roto reira i tuhituhia i roto i te raumati o 1917.

hua 1920

I tohua te timatanga o 1920 i te maha ngā kaupapa nui. I roto i te 1921, heke matua o te pehe ki Siamane, a i roto i 1922, Boris Pasternak, tona haurongo maha meka ngā Kei, marena Evgenii Vladimirovne maimoa. He tau i muri mai, to ratou he Zhenya tama.

auaha Boris Pasternak o roto i enei tau hua - i roto i te 1923 i reira ko te kohinga o "kaupapa me momo" me te whiti rongonui e rua - ". E iva rau me te rima o nga tau" "Rūtene Schmidt" me riro ratou i te hui o te tau, ka riro te aromātai tiketike o Maksima Gorkogo.

Poet me te mana Soviet

Ko te timatanga o nga 1930 - te wa mana āhukahuka Pasternak. Kua ana mahi nene'i nga tau, te rohi pehe i roto i te 1934, te homai e te kupu i te Congress tuatahi o te Uniana o Writers. Ko tōna mau ka karanga te rohipehe pai o te whenua. Otiia e kore e mana wareware i te itoito ki te tu ake mo te hapu hopukina o te wahine toikupu Anny Ahmatovoy te rohi pehe, ka awhina Mandelstam ko Gumilev. e kore e tenei e ia e muru te tangata. Ehara i mawhiti tenei whakarau, me te Boris Pasternak. haurongo Poto o te rohi pehe ta e na 1936 tata faaore te iwa o nga tau o tona i te ora tuhituhi e pā ana o te whenua, akaapaanga te outlook he, me te wehe i te ora.

Translations Pasternak

Reira na tupu e mohiotia Pasternak te rite te iriti, kahore iti iho i te rite te rohi pehe. Kei te karanga a te reira i tetahi o nga rangatira pai o translation whiti. Ko wai, ki te kahore ia rohi pehe faahiahia, i taea e pai atu i ki te ite i te mahi o tetahi atu kaihanga?

No te mea o te huru ino o te mana i roto i te mutunga o nga tau 1930, i mahue te rohipehe te kahore moni. e kore e ana mahi anō, te moni tino hapa, ka pā Pasternak ki whakawhitinga. Ki te whakaaro ki to ratou rohi pehe i tona ake ariā. whakapono ia e te translation - te motuhake taua mahi o toi, te taketake. Na konei ka haere ia ki te mahi ki tona meticulousness katoa, hiahia ki te hanga i nga mea katoa tino.

Boris Leonidovich Pasternak, whiti me whakamāoritanga i tomo te moni koura o te tuhinga Russian, me te ke, ka anga ako translation i roto i 1918. Na ka meatia e te nuinga ia i te mahi o kaitito Tiamana. ka anga tōna mahi matua i roto i te tau 1936. haere ana ia ki te whare i roto i Peredelkino, a kei te mahi pakeke i runga i te iritiraa o Shakespeare, Goethe, Byron, Rilke, Keats, Varley. Na wāriutia ana tona mahi i runga i te par ki te mahi taketake.

Pasternak whakamāoritanga - he kore noa he faingamālie ki te whangai i te whānau, engari ano hoki i te ahua o te ara ki te ite ia rite te rohi pehe i roto i te tikanga o te inonotitanga, me te kore ki te whakaputa i ana mahi i tenei. Boris Pasternak nama tatou nga whakamāoritanga nehenehe o Shakespeare, e kua roa kua whakaaro waiata.

War me he vahaataimi tau

Whara riro e te kaituhi i roto i tona tamarikitanga, kihai i tukua ki te kia huihuia e ia ki te mua i roto i te Tama'i II o te Ao. Otiia noho atu kihai i taea e ia. I te mutunga o te whakangungu hōia, i tonoa e ia ki te mua o te kaipūrongo. Ki runga ki e hoki te kāinga, i roto i Peredelkino, hanga ana e ia he huringa o rotarota tāmau whenua.

Tau i muri i te pakanga - i te wa o te mahi pakeke. Pasternak e te rota, no te mea he reira tona moni anake. Poetry i roto i nga tau kaumātua, i tuhituhi e ia he iti - katoa o tona wa whai wāhi i roto i te iritiraa, me te mahi i runga i te pūrākau hou.

I runga i enei tau, me kaute mo tetahi atu mahi Titanic o te punake - ". Faust" te translation o te Goethe

"Doctor Zhivago" - te keokeonga o te hanganga me te mahi o te tino o te rohi pehe

Kua tenei pukapuka kua nga mahi tino nui, me te e arohaina o te rohi pehe. haere kotahi tekau tau ki a ia Boris Pasternak. "Doctor Zhivago" - he pūrākau nuinga pukapuka mōna.

Getting Started - 1945. I tenei wa, ko te tauira o te whakapakoko wahine o te pūrākau wahine a te kaituhituhi Zinaida Neuhaus. I muri i te ahua i roto i te ora Pasternak Olga Ivinskaya, i meinga tona purakau hou, ka haere tere te tuhinga.

Tenei pūrākau - te tamaiti matua, me te tino o te rohi pehe, i hanga te wa roa - 10 tau. Ko te mau tenei te haukiri o te kaituhituhi, pūkete pono o ngā i roto i te whenua mai i te timatanga o te rau tau, me te mutu ki te whawhai e wehingia ana. Hoki tenei faitotonú "Doctor Zhivago" a ka hua'tu ia whakakahoretia ano ia e te mana, ko Boris Pasternak, tona haurongo toa takahanga i tēnei wā uaua, i waiho i raro ki tenei inonotitanga.

Ko reira uaua ki te whakaaro pehea i te reira uaua ki te hanga i te whakatau he whānui, rawa i nga hoa.

I roto i te Soviet Union i te putanga o te pukapuka kua reira kua whakakahore tika ki tirohanga o te kaituhi i tautohetia o te Oketopa Revolution. mauruuru Roma ki waho anake. Ko reira taea ki te whakaputa i roto i Itari. I roto i te 1957, i tukua "Doctor Zhivago" Pasternak a ka he sensation tonu. Ko reira te hua o te Te Hau-ā-uru riro arotake rave.

1958 - te rā mīharo. Ko te āpā o te Nobel - he rohi pehe me te hari nui o te āhukahuka rawa tona taranata o e te hapori o te ao, me te pouri tūturu e tika ana ki te tīmata anō ki te inonotitanga kaha whakahoutia. I whakaekea te reira i rite te whiu ki te pei, i runga i ka mea te rohi pehe e whakaaro ratou kahore he whenua, e kore e taea e ia. te kawa katoa o te wā Pasternak mahino a mau whakaahuatia i roto i te pehepehe "Te Nobel", tuhituhia i roto i te 1959. Ko te tohu i ia ki te hoatu, a mo tenei irava, whakaputaina ki waho, ia kore kua tika i whakatupato i raro i te tuhinga "he i." Ora e te meka i tangohia e te tānga wahi i waho te whakaae o Pasternak.

Boris Pasternak - rotarota poto o te rohi pehe

Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te mahi wawe o te rohi pehe, te reira ua ite kaha te mana o te fakataipe. rotarota Tino matatini, he angamaheni mo tenei wā whakapakoko ke me faaauraa. Ka huri i tino kāhua o Pasternak i roto i te tau whawhai. Irava rite hei pānui ngāwari, me te ohie. He hohoro a ngāwari penapena, me te pai ki te pānui i tika i te rarangi ratou. Ko rawa pono o ngā rotarota poto o te rohi pehe, pērā i "Hip", "Wind", "March", "Hamlet" tenei. takoto poto o Pasternak i te meka e ara i roto i te iti rawa o tona whiti whakawhiwhia he tikanga taumauri nui.

Boris Pasternak. Analysis whiti "Hōngongoi"

pā ana Poem ki te mutunga te wā o te rohi pehe. I tuhituhi i roto i 1956 ka Pasternak takoto i roto i te raumati i te dacha i Peredelkino. Ki te i roto i te tīmatanga o te tau tuhituhi ia rotarota huatau, ka muri riro ratou takotoranga pāpori me te kaupapa tino o te rohi pehe - he māramatanga o te tonu o te ao māori me te tangata.

"Hōngongoi" - he tauira oraora o te whiti whira. Ko te ingoa o te mahi, me tona kaupapa ko te taua. He aha te mea hiahia te whakaaro matua ki te kawe i ki te kaipānui Boris Pasternak? Hōngongoi - tetahi o nga marama raumati tino ataahua, meinga he faahiahia fakamātoato mo te kaituhi. Na tona otinga, kaha mohou me te ātahu hiahia ana ia ki te whakaahua.

Kei o rua nga wahi Poem. Ko te wāhanga tuatahi o te hanga i tētahi huru o te mea ngaro - ko wai te mea te āheinga, huri ki te whare? Brownie, he wairua, he wairua e mai rere, hākinakina, me te sneaks?

Ko te wāhanga tuarua o te mea ngaro o te āheinga ngaro whakakitea - tenei, marama waenganui-raumati kino-Hōngongoi. Pehe humanizes Hōngongoi whakamahi i te tāwhai: whare, slob mahora, manuhiri noho.

Ko te taa o te rotarota, ko te whakamahi o te kaituhi whakapakoko ataata oraora: July "faanane te uhi tēpu atu te tepu," "rere i roto i te tukauati o te tauira".

ora Whaiaro o te rohi pehe

Boris Pasternak, nei haurongo kore e taea e oti, kahore te aamu o tona hapu, i rua marenatia. Ka rite ki te tangata auaha, kare ora, ko ia tangata tākare. ki e kore e nui totohu ki te Tinihanga banal, engari ano hoki noho pono ki te wahine e arohaina, e kore i taea e ia.

ka waiho te wahine tuatahi o te rohi pehe he maimoa Evgeniya ahakoa, he kuao toi. tutaki ratou i te tau 1921, me e whakatutuki i te rohi pehe whakaaro tohu reira. I tenei wa, oti Pasternak tana mahi i runga i te kōrero "eyelets Kōhungahunga," ko e ingoa o te wahine pūrotu o Eugene, a ki te i kite ia i te kotiro i roto i tona whakapakoko.

Eugene ko te whare taonga tino o te rohi pehe. Parakore, i ahuareka ai, i ahuareka ai, me te i te wa ano arotahi me motuhake, meinga ia ia ataahua, faahiahia. I roto i nga tau tuatahi o te faaipoiporaa, i pea Boris Pasternak hari te wā tuatahi. Tuatahi, mānia he aroha kaha mau fifi katoa, engari āta ka piki wawao i roto i te waimarie te whānau i te ora pakeke o te rawakore 20-doma. kihai a Eugene he wahine tino, hiahia hoki ia ki te ite ahau hei kaitoi, a he tokomaha te utuafare āwangawanga Pasternak i ki te tango i runga i.

I te tau 1926, i waenganui ia ko Marina Tsvetaeva tīmata reta roa, e te mea wahine tika haurangi hae o te rohi pehe. e kore e tu te reira i runga, ka haere ana ki a ia matua i roto i Germany Pasternak. I roto i te mutunga, whakatau ia ki te hoatu ki runga i te hiahia ki te ite ahau kia rite ki te toi me te fakatapui 'enau mo'uí ki te tiaki o tana tane. Otiia i tutaki kua te rohi pehe tana wahine ake nei, he tuarua - Zinaidoy Neygauz. Ko ia kua wha tekau, ia - 32 tau tau, he faaipoipo, me te whakatairanga i rua tamariki ia.

Neuhaus Ko te ritenga oti o Evgenii maimoa. Kei te tino whakatapua te reira ki tona whānau, ko ia rawa economical. kihai i reira te whakamahinetanga taua e ko tūturu ki te wahine tuatahi o te rohi pehe. Ko Pasternak i titiro tuatahi hinga i roto i te aroha ki tenei wahine. Ko te meka e te tane me te he tamariki, kihai i mutu i te reira. Na tona ora, i kite anake ia ia.

I roto i te 1932, i whakarerea e ia a marenatia Eugenia Zinaida. I muri wehe i tona wahine tuatahi, i ia aua tau katoa, tae noa ki tona mate, i awhina ia me tana tama, a puritia i roto i te pa.

Pasternak ki tana wahine tuarua, rawa, ko ahau hari. Te manaaki, fakapotopoto, tamata ia ki te whakamarie ia ia, me te rangimarie, a ko ano hoki purakau o te rohipehe. whanau te faaipoiporaa tuarua i te tama, Leonid.

roa te oaoa Family, pera i roto i te faaipoiporaa tuatahi, he iti neke atu i te 10 tau. Pasternak piki noho i tona dacha i Peredelkino, me te ake me te ake tangata ke i tana wahine. Kia i roto i te moheni "Ao New", hui mahi ia i reira rite ētita Olga Ivinskaya. Ko te purakau whakamutunga o te rohi pehe.

E rave rahi mau taime tamata ratou ki te waiho, ki te waiho tana wahine, no te mea kihai i Pasternak hiahia ki, te auraa reira he rota ki a ia, a na reira e kore i taea e utu ki te rave i te reira kino ki a ia.

I te tau 1949 hopukina Ivinskaya ka tono tangata ki puni mō te 5 tau mo te hononga ki Boris Pasternak. Na ka mau i enei tau katoa ia tiaki o tona whaea ruhiruhia me tamariki, te whakarato moni. kore i tenei wa Free uaua haere - i roto i 1952 te pehe uru ki te hōhipera ki te whakaeke ngakau.

I muri hoki mai ka Olga he hēkeretari unofficial Pasternak - whakahaere reira katoa o tona mahi, fetu'utaki mo ona ki te tokotoko ētita, whai wāhi i roto i te hou o ana mahi. Tae noa te mutunga o te ora o te rohi pehe, kihai i ratou wehea.

tau tata nei

Käore e kore i wherahia reira a tawhio noa te nui kopa tona hauora rohi pehe-mounu i. I tukua e te whakaeke ngakau i roto i 1952, i hanga ano hoki ite iho.

I roto i te puna, i te timatanga o Aperira 1960, ka hinga mate Pasternak i te ma'i tino. No tetahi whakaaro i ia te mate pukupuku, kua e kua metastasized ki te tuku i te puku. I te tīmatanga o Mei, mārama te rohipehe e he mate te mate, a kihai ia i ora. mate May 30 Boris Pasternak. tenei wa katoa i tona ro'i ko tana wahine, Zinaida, e ora tana tane o 6 tau, a ka mate o te mate taua. Te pehe ko tona hapu e tanumia i roto i te urupā i Peredelkino.

haere auahatanga faahiahia Russian pehe, kaituhi me te translator Boris Pasternak kua iho i roto i te tuhinga ao. Ko tōna āhuatanga rite te rohi pehe - te kāhua expressive picturesque me whakaahua mīharo o te whiti.