Chita: taupori me te hītori

pa nui rawa, kei roto i te rāwhiti Siberia, te whakapaipai o te Territory Trans-Baikal, pokapū Chita Oblast, he hub waka nui - pānui reira.

Overview

Kei te pa i te i runga i nga tahataha o e rua rarangi: Yablonovy Cherskogo me, i te kongutu o te awa i roto i Chita Ingoda. I roto i Chita Kei te maunga Tito maunga 946 mita tiketike, me te Lake Canan. He kanorau te whenua māori: i nga wahi kai me steppes ki te huānga taiga maunga.

Kei Chita te i roto i te rohe o korerotia āhuarangi continental ki iti hukarere i roto i te hotoke me te mahana raumati takawai. Distance i te whakapaipai Russian o Moscow - 5000 km.

Mai i te hītori o te pa

Ko te putanga o Chita hono ki te whanaketanga o whanuitanga nui o te iwi faehau Siberia. Haere hohonu ki te whanuitanga Siberian muri nga Cossacks, ko he iwi arumoni, me te ahumahi kanorau. Pita Beketov kapa i roto i te 1653 ka ki te awa. Ingoda a whakatakotoria te piha. te ingoa tenei whakataunga i Plotbische, t. Ki. i hanga te mōkihi ki konei, i muri poti. Ki te wāhi matawhenua pai, he i te maaraa o whenua me arawai, whakawhanakehia tere Plotbische. I 1699, i reira ko tetahi whare herehere, e i roto i 1706 riro te ingoa o Chita.

Tona whanaketanga atu o te whanaketanga o te pa i mua nei au a tawhio i roto i te maina XVII wawe hiriwa rau, Nerchenskie mohiotia, me te whakato hanga. Ka taea te kitea Chita taupori o taua wa i roto i nga puna tuhituhia Whatahoro o te rau tau XVIII. I 1762, ko ia 73 tangata. hanga te kore o te hōpuni ake te whakamahi i mahi taihara.

Neke atu i te wa, ka anga te whare herehere ki te hamani whakahaere Nerchenskomu Gornozavodsk. mahue te reira i te ōhakitia runga mahi. tonu Chita tona whanaketanga ahumahi tika ki te meka e ona noho anga ki te tahu waro mo te tango,, tuku i te reira ki te whakato Shilka. Ko hoki mahi Common o te taupori rohe te hī ngahere, pēra i awa utanga.

I roto i te o 20. XIX rautau i roto i te pa, i reira i kua 300 tangata. ka Chita Chita te pokapū o te pāriha. wāhi nui i roto i te whanaketanga o te pa takaro i whakahekea Decembrists ki pakeke mahi i konei.

I roto i te waenganui o te rau tau XIX i hanga Trans-Baikal rohe. Kua riro te taitara o tona pokapū tāone matua Chita, kei te timata nei taupori ki te tupu tere. I te tau 1863 i ora ai ahau i konei mo te toru mano tangata.

I roto i te rau tau XX haere mai whakawhanakehia Chita pa ahumahi i roto i Siberia. i hanga Railway, mahi reira he rota o wheketere me ngā tipu. ka whakataunga he pokapū tauhokohoko nui o Transbaikalia. Hei hanga ngāue whare, hahi, whare karakia me pereoo, i reira ko he whare pukapuka. taupori o te pa i te 1910 moni ki neke atu i te 68 mano tangata.

I muri i te Oketopa Revolution ko te pa hoki etahi wa te whakapaipai o te Far Eastern Republic. I roto i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao mahi te hinonga Chita mō hiahia whawhai. I te 1945 i konei i takoto i roto i te tino moni i roto i te Far Te Tai Rāwhiti, Marshal Vasilevsky. Whakatika ki te 1949 i roto i te hanga o ngā whare ngā i roto i te herehere Japanese o te whawhai mahi.

Whakawhanakehia hanganga pāpori o te pa. Chita, e kua he taupori o te mahi ru i roto i te ahumahi, a i roto i te ao pāpori, i roto i te 1972 i whakawhiwhia te Order o te Oketopa Revolution.

Chita i roto i te rau tau XXI

I teie mahana Chita - he pa ahumahi whakawhanakehia. hanga Whakaroha o ngā o ngā uara rerekē, kua whakapumautia nga whanaunga hou waho, te whanake hokohoko. Chita (te taupori o te pa, ko te rawa whakakake o tenei), ko te kaiwhiwhi o te Tohu National whaimana "mō mahi whai hiranga - mauruuru Russia", te toa o te tuawha katoa-Russian whakataetae "RUPO Golden" i roto i to ratou pōti.

He te pa whare wānanga, ngā kura, kareti o te arata'iraa umanga, whare rangahau pūtaiao. Chita, i reira te taupori kua te whai wāhi ki te whakaara ratou taumata ahurea, kua he maha rawaka o pūtahi mātauranga arotahi. Mahi i te reira 24 whare taonga, whare, he circus, he hapori Philharmonic, he wāhi konohete nui. Na taurima wā hakari, me ngā whakataetae o ngā taumata.

Population o Chita tenei ra

Hoki te pa āhuatanga e te hua tamau i roto i te taupori. Tenei au pai kitea mai te wā kaumātua. I roto i 1948, te taupori pa o 138.000 iwi, i roto i te 1966 - 201 000. I roto i te tau 2002, ko te ahua 317.000. I teie mahana te taupori o te pa o Chita - e pā ana ki 336 mano tangata.