Communication o kupu i roto i te parau. Ngā momo o hononga o kupu i roto i te parau

Ka rite ki matau koutou, te uniana o kupu i roto i te parau puta rite ki ture tino. I roto i te tikanga ki te whakakotahi ratou titau hototahi wetereo. Ano, Me ratou he hononga subordination e me tika kia hakari i waenganui i enei kupu.

I roto i te reo Russian reira ko te whai ake ngā momo o te kōrero kupu i roto i te parau: te ruruku, te whakahaere me te contiguity.

whakaaetanga

Matching - Ko te hononga i roto i nei te wāhanga ti'aturi i roto i te pā ana ki te matua rite ki muri i roto i te kāwai wetereo e ōrite ana.

whakaata ana tēnei whakamāramatanga nga take tino noa o te ōrite, ka te puka huringa ti'aturi ki te wāhanga matua. I roto i te tahi atu, iti noa, me te matatini atu take, kahore he whakawhenumi me te tiraa āhua o enei wae e rua.

I roto i te whakaae mahi matua tonu noun, ka pā wae tino ti'aturi ki te piha haapiiraa wetereo, ai reira he puka he tikanga syntactic.

Puka o te harmonization

Ka taea te kitea te ahua māmā o te ruruku i roto i ngā kīanga i reira whakahuatia te wae ti'aturi e te kupu āhua (tae atu ki ngā tau raupapa, o'na, kupu āhua, me participles): tenei oki, ra makariri, te tahi mea rerekē, kitea te āhuatanga me etahi atu.

I hoki e taea te rite te pūtake o tenei ahua o hononga o kupu i roto i te parau i te hononga, i roto i nei e pā ana te wāhanga matua e ki te tetahi wahi hanga he kupu ti'aturi. Hei tauira, e tenei wahi i roto i te puka rerekē take matahao te huinga o tūingoa ki tau faufaa rahi (i runga i hau e whitu, ki te whare e toru matapihi), pērā puka im.p. me hāngai ki te CP ka te whika, nui atu i te kupu ingoa, ko te kupu matua, me te titau e tu ana te whakamutunga i roto i te rod.p:. whare ki toru matapihi, e toru whare, e whitu hau.

I roto i te whakaae e ngā te kīanga kupu ingoa e rua i roto i ona ahua katoa: ataahua, Dawn, he ara-ara, hanga kaipūkaha.

Harmonization o te paparangi ki te kaupapa

Kōrero he noun i im.p., he ngohengohe ki, me conjugated momo o te ihoparau, i te mea te paparangi iho syntactic pā hoki ki te kawenata.

ahua Conjugated o te ihoparau ranei kupu āhua i roto i te puka poto me te noun i roto ia ratou. . N whai momo noa o te ira tangata me te tau: kau mara, te ngahere tahanga, rangi mārama.

Ōkawa whakaaro te wāhanga matua o taua ngā te ki te waiho i te kupu ingoa i roto i te im.p.

He take atu uaua o kupu i roto i te kōrero parau puta ka, hei utu o te noun i roto i im.p. rite te kaupapa mahi i te infinitive, wahi whika atu ranei o te korero e kua kahore ira. I roto i enei tono e kore e kitea whakawhenumi kaupapa ki te paparangi i maha, me te ira tangata, kia rite ki o te tuatahi o enei kāwai e kore he. Heoi, he tika ki te ahunga o te kaupapa ki te paparangi konei.

harmonization tonu me te kanohi

huaina te hononga pērā o kupu i roto i te parau (ruruku), i roto i nei te wāhanga matua pānga te kahunga i roto i ona ahua katoa, te harmonization tonu. Ki te oti kitea te anake i roto i te tahi mau huru o te taua ingoa.

Ngā momo o harmonization oti

E rua nga tu o ratou. Origin - i te mea kahore ine i waenganui ia ratou i roto i te take (i roto i te tokomaha, me te ahua, ka ti'aturi rite wāhanga matua). Kakato i roto i tenei take puta no te mea kua he hononga ki ngā puka e rua rerekē kupu, tetahi o e whakatau te āhua o te take ti'aturi, me te tahi atu te ahua ti'aturi o te kupu - te hanga i te maha me te momo o te kupu ririki ( "ka ake hiakai" i roto i te kupu "kihai i Anna hiahia ki te kai, me te tiki ake hiakai i te tepu. "Here te puka o" matekai "me tei runga i te puka o" whiwhi ake "me te āhua o te" Anna ").

Ko te take tuarua - ka i reira he kore ahua i roto i te ahua. I roto i tenei take, ka karanga harmonization oti te puka whakakī pū i roto i te kupu ti'aturi atawhai, kaua e pā reira ki te mata papa. Ko taea i roto i ngā noun tautāne te faaiteraa i te taitara mahi me te tikanga, ki te kupu āhua, ka e whakamahia enei tūingoa ki nga wahine tenei: te Hekeretari hou o to tatou tākuta. Ko āhuatanga o te reo ōpaki enei me ētahi atu tauira o tenei whakamahi.

whakahaere

tonu tatou ki te whakaahua i te ara o te kōrero o ngā kupu i roto i te parau, me te neke i runga i ki te whakahaere. I roto i te poto, te kōrero whakahaua whakahaere i te kupu ki te hanga i nga kupu, i ko te ahua matua o nga kupu e kore e pā te puka o te hononga: e pai, e mahi pai, mahi pai; kai o nga atua, o nga atua o te kai, me ētahi atu

Whakahaere - hononga awhenga o kupu i roto i ngā kīanga i roto i nei titau te kupu matua te ahua ti'aturi o te take ngā ki te take, i waho reira ranei.

Ko te whakauru matua i roto i tenei momo o te kōrero, te kāwanatanga, - ranei he kupu, ranei te ahua o nga kupu, te mea ti'aturi - te hanga i nga wa katoa kupu, ki te wahi tino o te kupu - noun. Ko te kupu matua i roto i tenei take kia tirohia ki tetahi wahi o te kupu.

Ki tenei momo o te hononga o ngā kupu i roto i te parau e te take wāhanga ti'aturi hanga he noun, e kore meinga na fakatatau te ara matua, ka rite ki te mea te take i roto i te ruruku, ka faaite ngā pā ana pū ki te whenua, ko to ratou kaupapa ranei.

Ko te okotahi anake e rua ngā take i roto i nei te hononga o ngā kupu i roto i te parau rerenga fakatahai e rua momo o te kupu (arā, te take o te kupu ingoa):

1. Ngā e hanga i kupu āhua whakatairite tūkē ranei me inetoru kupu āhua: maunga i runga, he kaha atu i te mate, te teitei o te tihi, te kaha o nga kainonoke.
2. Ngā e hanga i ngā momo conjugated o ngā kupu mahi whaiaro me tūingoa i im.p.; ka uaina - hei ua, haere mai i roto i tau nui o manuhiri, wai natekla me etahi atu: puka noun infinitive me i JP..

Ko te kupu, rerekē lalahi, kōrero, adverbial me adjectival whakahaere.

whakahaere puka

Ki te wehewehe i waenganui i ngā momo o te whakahaere e te whai ake āhuatanga:

• Predictability / unpredictability;
• te āhua o whanaunga syntactic;
• Whakahauanga / Kōwhiringa.

Takahi taea te whakaritea momo waru, engari kua tohaina nga momo e whai ake nei o nga kupu i roto i te kōrero parau i roto i te whakahaere o (katoa o rima) ki te parau mau i roto i te reo Russian:

1. Communication, e te mea mātua ki te whanaungatanga syntactic mana'ohia e tūturu (te hiahia āwhina, tuhituhi te pukapuka, i hanga e te ākonga, kihai i mahi i te reira).
2. Communication, i te mea mana'ohia e ki te pā ana pū-syntactic whakahauanga (ki te pei ki te pakitara, wahia i roto o te katoleta, haere ki te whare).
3. Communication, e te mea mātua ki te whanaungatanga tūturu mana'ohia e syntactic (hukarere ma, whitiki kākahu whare teina).
4. Communication, i te mea nepredskazuyuschey whakahauanga ki te whanaungatanga pū, me te syntactic (ora tua atu i te ngahere, te ngahere, i roto i te ngahere).
5. Communication, i te mea nepredskazuyuschey kōwhiringa ki whanaunga pū, me te syntactic (mahi i roto i te kari, tuhi he wiki, te whare e tata ana te ara).

Junction

kō atu i runga ake kupu i roto i te tikanga kīanga kōrero whakaahuatia adjacently. Junction - hononga tuarua, i roto i nei e kore e te kupu ti'aturi huri tona āhua, me anake te wāhi i roto i te pā ana ki te rangatira. Na reira, ka rite ki te kupu ririki i roto i, ia tonu kupu mahi e whai kahore whakawhirinaki syntactic tenei momo o te hononga. ngā ratou adverbs, e rua ngā kōrero - infinitive me gerund, kupu āhua pumau me te puka ohie te tohu whakatairite o te kupu āhua: ki te eke, tahuri tika, te peu o te kai paipa he koroheke rawa, ngā tamariki pakeke.

Ki te taea te ngā i te abutment puka te korerotia e i roto i te toru o nga tangata (ia, ona, ratou) me tūingoa: tona utuafare, tona whare, me o ratou tamariki.

Hoki tenei momo o te hono kōrero e pā ana ki te puka noun o tetahi noun, maiorooro ki taua mea, me te rōpū katoa o puka o tūingoa ranei: kainga Brody, Lake Baikal, te buka aamu "Abroad," Petersburg-Moscow huarahi me etahi atu.

I runga i te pūtake o te contiguity kupu ngā (i te mea te wāhanga matua) me te ahua o te kupu (i te mea ti'aturi i runga i te wāhanga).

Ka rite ki taea te whakamahi i te kupu matua, no ki te wahi tino rerekē o te kupu. Heoi, kia tuhia te reira e kua rohe te taea o ratou ngā pū wetereo ranei herekore rite abutment. Hei tauira, ina he tūingoa adverbs kounga taea, gerunds me te whakamahi kia anake ki ngā kupumahi. Ka taea te whakamahi Tata tetahi wahi o te kupu infinitive (mo te kupu āhua, noun, kupumahi, tūkē predicative), engari e kore e ki ia kupu e tohu i te reira.

āhuatanga contiguity

Tenei momo o kupu hononga i roto i te parau, ko nepredskazuyuschim (no te mea e kore e te mea whakahuatia i roto i te puka o te kupu ti'aturi). Junction - here te nuinga kōwhiringa, engari i roto i ētahi wā kia hiahiatia reira contiguity.

contiguity obligatory

1. tūmahi infinitive ki te tikanga o te hiahia, ka, tūmahi wāhanga ka taea (maia ki te whakahe, te whakatakoto atu puku, pai ki te ako, ki te mutu te mahi).
2. Tūkē tūmahi paunga kounga, me te kōrero (ite māia, faahoa, titiro pai).
3. tūkē adverbial me wāhi kupumahi he wāhi uara noho (haere mai ki te kia atu, he tata, me te kia tata).

Ka taea hoki e turereo kupu kōrero i roto i te parau ki te abutment kia rerekē. I waenganui i nga kupu e taea e ngā hononga tika syntactic pū ranei wetereo.

momo o te contiguity

E ai ki te huinga i runga o huanga e te whai i ngā momo o kupu i roto i te parau i te whakaaro e piri ana:

1. Communication, i te mea nepredskazuyuschey whakahauanga ki wetereo tika (attributive) hononga (ki te taea ki te whakamatau ki te haere tonu ki te kōrero, te mahi te hanahana).
2. Communication, i te mea nepredskazuyuschey whakahauanga ki te whanaungatanga pū, me te syntactic (haere nga wahi katoa, takoto ritenga).
3. Communication, i te mea kōwhiringa ki nepredskazuyuschey attributive (mau syntactic) hononga (mahi tahi kata oaoa, i roto i Yelnya, ko atu ngā te pukapuka).
4. Communication, i te mea nepredskazuyuschey kōwhiringa ki te whanaungatanga pū, me te syntactic (mahi runga, ki te mea inanahi, Moscow tenei ra, whatiia kui, pa i te po).

Types ū i runga i ngā āhuatanga wetereo

A, no te piri ana whanaunga heterogeneous me wetereo o kupu i roto i te parau. E ai ki tenei parau tumu ngā taua momo o hononga o kupu i roto i te kīanga rite gerunds contiguity, infinitive, he tūkē, he nonconcordial puka noun me kupu āhua invariable.