Cruiser Admiral Hipper (1937-1945): te hītori o te hanga, me te ora. Tiamana Navy

German kaipuke "Admiral Hipper" ko tetahi o te pai kau fakasio taimaha o te Kriegsmarine i roto i te Tama'i II o te Ao. ka mau ia wahi i roto i te hopu o Noaue, i whakahaeretia he raupapa o marau i roto i te Atlantic, a ka mau tona whawhai whakamutunga matao Moana Barents. noho te he tau hawhe o tona cruiser ora tetahi whakamutunga, me te i roto i te tauranga i roto i te tūnga kaitiaki.

hoahoa

I te pepa, ka puta te cruiser Admiral Hipper i 1934. Ko reira ka i i whakatakoto nga Headquarters Naval nga whakaritenga taketake mo te kaipuke hou. Tuatahi, i te kaipuke e tatari ana rite ki te mahi ki hoariri Wīwī, me te British heke mai. Tuarua, i roto i te German Navy hiahia te kaipuke e taea hohoro te haere atu i te whai o te tama'ii hoariri "Dunkirk" me "Strasbourg". ko te tino nui tenei wāhi - fafau tauira raraunga ki te hei i te mohoao tino nanakia kau fakasio tere nui. I te pae hopea, tuatoru, i te tikanga i te hua hou mō te huaki ngā mahi i roto i te moana, me te moana wāhi.

no cruiser Admiral Hipper ki te momo Pāoa o fakasio taimaha. I whakaritea te reira ki te hanga e rima kaipuke taua. Ka rite ki te hua, ki te kahore hoki puta "Hipper" "Tānga Oygen" me "Blucher". kihai i te tahi atu oko e rua "Lützow" me "Seydlitz" whai wā ki te whakaoti. ingoa cruiser taumaha "Admiral Hipper" i muri i Franz von Hipper, e whakahau te wehe o kaipuke Tiamana i roto i te pakanga o Dogger Bank me mua.

hanga

Tohuwāhi "Admiral Hipper" timata Hōngongoi 6, 1935 i te hanga kaipuke i Hamburg. ka taea i muri i te faahaparaa o te Tiriti o Versailles, i whakaturia te wa he rohe mo te ope Tiamana, me te kaipuke. Hitler i faaineine no te utu, me te mahi provocatively, ia ratou e titiro ahau nga whenua wikitoria o War Ao i reira i roto i toku maihao. I roto i te tikanga ki te hopoia whakaora kanohi kāwanatanga Ingarangi ki te faaoti i te whakaaetanga motuhake kua riro te Tiamana Navy i raro nei i te tika ki te whakanui i ona ope manuao ki runga ki te 35% o te British. Kotahi ara ranei tetahi, engari e kore e nga Tiamana i whakaaro te whakaaro o hoariri heke mai, me te timata i te tere tere ki te faaineine no te te toto ka ū mai.

I roto i te hawhe tuatahi o te tau i oti ai i te puranga i roto i oko hanga. February 6, 1937 te cruiser taimaha ki te wai. I te hui wawahia te pounamu tuku iho o piari te wahine o Admiral Raeder, e whakahau te kaipuke. I roto i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao mahi ia i roto i te tari matua o von Hipper, i whakarewa o te kaipuke hou tukua he kupu nui.

Nā ki te militarization tere o Germany whakataetae ki ia atu manga hōia rapua e rauemi hou katoa, taputapu, me te mahi. Nō reira, ko te whakaaetanga o "Admiral Hipper" hiki tonu. "Tānga Oygen" noa roa hanga. I te hui whakarewa mo tenei oko i tae e Hitler me te Regent o Hungary Miklosh Horti. Ko te wahi o tona hanganga timata i Kiel, i iritihia i muri me "hipper". puta Last cruiser "Blucher" i roto i to ratou momo o fakasio taimaha.

Tīmata o te mahi

utua German cruiser «Admiral Hipper» i April 29, 1939. tae noa ia i roto i te wa - tata Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao. Ko te ruarua marama tuatahi o tona mahi tū te kaipuke i runga i nga tamataraa whakamātautau i roto i Kiel. March 20, 1940 i whakahaua te waka ki te unga i te kaipuke ki Cuxhaven. "Admiral Hipper", me te tata katoa nga mema o o te Kriegsmarine nāianei, i mahara ki te tango i tetahi wahi i roto i te whakaekenga o Norway, kua meinga nei wahi o te mahi "Vezenbyurg" (ranei "Te mau haapiiraa i runga i te Weser").

arahina cruiser he rōpū tuarua, i te whakaaro o i ko te hopu o te tauranga nui o Trondheim. I piri ia e te kaipahua "Jacobi", "Riedel", "Ekoldt" me "Heinemann". I te poari ko te "Hipper" signalers, Luftwaffe rōpū tari matua me te wahi o te hokowhitu Māori 83rd me te to Itari 138 o te maunga. i ratou ki te tango i tiaki o nga pākahiko takutai Norwegian.

Ko te matua hoia mahue Cuxhaven April 6 i roto i te tino taumaha ngā āhuatanga huarere. Te taha te ara ka tomo ia he raruraru iti ki te ope o Ingarangi. Na i mōhio o te kaupapa o nga Tiamana nga Ingarangi, ahakoa he ratou tonu e kore i taea e te wa roa mahino te whakaaro pono, me te hōkai o te mahi.

"Te mau haapiiraa i runga i te Weser"

April 8, 1940 i runga i te ara ki a Norway cruiser "Admiral Hipper" haere atu i te akoranga o mua, a haere ana ki te kaipahua faaora "Bernd von Arnim." tuki tenei kaipuke ki te Ingarangi kaipuke "Glouvorm" o te piha haapiiraa kotahi. patua te rangatira o te "Hipper" Helmut Heye te kaipuke hoariri ahakoa te mata paowa hoariri me mua. I roto i te whawhai katoa, "Glouvorm" kotahi patua e te cruiser Tiamana, patu tona taha matau e tata ana te paetai. Ko te kino iti, engari e kore ko te kaipahua Ingarangi kia ngāwari mawhiti, ka totohu. I te pae hopea "Glouvorm" utu mō "hipper" ramming whakaeke, te mau hopearaa o i a ki te kia hanga ana e toru wiki.

I te po o Aperira 9, punga te cruiser Tiamana i roto i te rori Tronhyema. E ngana ana ki te te tu atu nga Norwegians i rawa tano: te pākahiko i runga i te rohe pupuhi e rave rahi matā, i muri i hoatu e te hoariri ki runga i te whawhai ki te matua hoia Tiamana. i rite mahi rōpū. Ko te cruiser "Admiral Hipper" haere hoki ki Germany mō hanga.

"Juno"

I roto i te Mei, whakatakotoria i roto i te tikanga ko te kaipuke i Kiel, te wahi i hanga e te hononga, i ko ki te āwhina i ētahi atu kaipuke Tiamana titi i roto i Norway tika ki te pā o Ingarangi. huaina te mahi ahu te "Juno." I tua atu ki te "Hipper" i tae ai e te tama'ii "Gneisenau" me "Scharnhorst" me nga kaipahua "Lodi", "Galster", "Shemann" me "Shtaynbrik.

I te ara ki Norway tutaki te cruiser Ingarangi 530-ton trawler "Juniper". ka haere mai te poti iti i raro i te ahi 105-mm German pū anti-rererangi. I maoro trawler tītaha ia, ka totohu. I te wa ano mahi tawhiti "Shemann" totohu te waka kura manuao "Oil Pioneer."

I roto i "Orama" e ahiahi taua, Pipiri 6 "Admiral Hipper" hanga i roto i te 1937 haukoti i te waka hōia Ingarangi. hoki te kaipuke ki tona kāinga o Norway, a takoto kau ana (te kahore hoki te whakahau tūturu) te oaoa o te Ingarihi. Kua mahi rave rahi waipūtanga o projectiles taikaha ratou mahi: "Orama" āta totohu ki te raro o te moana. ara nga Ingarangi i runga i te poari i te kaipuke Tiamana.

Pipiri 8, whakahau cruiser me te tata nga kaipahua i ki kia tonoa ki a Trondheim. Hoki tenei take, e kore i taea e "Admiral Hopper" tango wahi i roto i te whakangaromanga o te kawe rererangi "Glories". Ko te ra i muri mai pau te kaipuke i runga i nga rori o Trondheim. Na, i roto i te ahiahi i runga i Hune 20, "Hopper" haere ki te āwhina o te tōkiri pakaru "Scharnhorst". ka mau cruiser te mara ki te "Gneisenau" me "Galsterom". Ko poto te haere. I waenganui po "Gneisenau" te aro nā te Ingarangi ruku "Clyde". ka mau tama'i te rota o te wai, a ka i te kapa ki te hoki ki Trondheim, a kahore te raveraa i tona misioni. No te mea o te kino ki te kaipuke ārahi e rua "Admiral Hipper" kua riro te wae whawhai nui o te Tuatoru Reich i roto i nga wai Norwegian Te Tai Tokerau.

huaki Atlantic

Ētahi fakasio rongonui II 'a Māmaní, kua roa i whakamahia anake i roto i nga wai uta. Na ko reira "Admiral Hepper." Whiringa 30, 1940 anake, ia te mutunga hanga ana roa-tatari i roto i te tere moana. Mid-Atlantic i te ahopae o Brest-Newfoundland ngahuehue ake ki pāhia i Ingarangi. I roto i tenei rohe, intersected ara waka, i kawea nga ope rautaki me kawenga. Te kaipuke free anake, taea ki te patu i pāhia i i taua wa ko te reira "Admiral Hipper". i nohoia Ētahi atu kau fakasio rongonui II 'a Māmaní. Ki te whakamārama o enei mau huru, kia hanga tatou i haruru i roto i te moana te raki, ka anga te kaipuke ona "Operation Nordzeetur".

Hakihea 25, kitea "hipper" he tira e hipoki cruiser "Barwick" me te maha wae o fakasio marama. patua kaipuke Tiamana te rōpū, engari ki te kitea he riri nui o hinga, whati. Na roto i te tāpiritanga hari te waka whakahaere ki te whakaora i tana kaipuke i kino kitea.

Ka mahi ki te hui hua ki te hoia, kua whakaritea e te Kapene Meisel hou ki te hoki mai ki Europe. He ngenge o te ohipa whawhai i roto i te pakeke ngā takiwā makariri, me te rangi i te heramana. Otiia i muri i te ra i runga i te ara hoki ki France riro "hipper" hopea waimarie. Ship ka whakaekea tima a kaihokohoko "Yamuna". Ko te ūnga hit pū puhipuhinga, piri e rua mua. hohoro te kaipuke totohu, engari wehi Maisel e whakahaere nga Ingarangi ki te kawe i te tohu mamae kei tata te tira. Ki te i mau ia "Hipper", e kotahi ano i reira te Tiamana ki te whawhai i te pakanga taurite. Na reira, oti ki "Yamuna", hoatu te rangatira te tikanga ki te haere ki France. Hohoro, e kore Maisel i whakaara ki te poari rumakina te i roto i te moana o Ingarihi. Ka rite ki te hua,, i mate katoa 111 tangata i runga i "Yamuna". Hakihea 27, "Admiral Hipper" punga i te ū i roto i Brest.

Azores Battle

I muri Atlantic rerenga "hipper" i roto i te hiahia o te hanga. ka mau Tapia rite te marama, a kua 1 Pepuere 1941 ka haere ano te cruiser ki te wai moana. 11 tau, i te kore matara i te Azores, mutu te kaipuke Tiamana whakatupato pere tima "Aysland". Kia te kaipuke i Tiamana, me te i huaina "Dahlia." Na no te reira ki Peretane. totohu "Hipper" i muri i tona patunga tira.

Mai i kawea kaumoana i runga i te poari ako "Ayslanda" Maisel e pā ana ki te matakoma o te whenua e tata ana te rōpū tino rākau o kaipuke. Ko reira he tira, i haere i Freetown (Sierra Leone). Tuhinga reira o te hunga i rite 19 kaipuke no ki Ingarangi, Norway ko Kariki. Ko te angitu nui ko te meka e ko tino kowaiwai o te hoia haumaru te tira. February 12, "Admiral Hipper" kahore tetahi tutukitanga totohu 7 kaipuke. 3 i atu tino pakaru.

Ka tutuki te angitu tino mīharo mo ratou ratonga, "Admiral Hipper" hoki ki a Brest. I roto i te Maehe 1941 ka whakatutehu ia ki te pa o Kiel, te wahi pau ia kotahi tau. I roto i tenei wa ake te kaipuke, ka hipoki ki te whakaahua kē hou. I roto i te Maehe 1942, tae ia i roto i Trondheim. Battlestar tūmanakohia pakanga whakamutunga raki.

"Regenborgen"

Na roto i te whakatau he aha te momo o fakasio taimaha i "Admiral Hipper" ki te mahi i mōhio pāhia i Arctic, mutu te whakahau Tiamana o te kaipuke i te pai rawa o te rōpū matenga o te kaipuke. Ki te tomokanga o te USSR ki te whawhai i riro ngā mahi rite tino nui. pāhia i Arctic haere ki te Soviet Union i te US me te UK. Ki te awhina o ratou kawea te hōtaka moni-Rīhi. E ai ki te Route Moana Northern i te USSR tika tukua ki te mahi ki te ope o rauemi whawhai te Tuatoru Reich.

Ko te mahi ki te haukoti i te tira muri i huaina "Regenborgen" ( "Rainbow"). Whakahaua ka mau te reira i te rangatira i roto i te tino o te Kriegsmarine Admiral Raeder. Fakataha ki te "hipper" i whai wāhi i roto i te huaki atu cruiser taimaha "Lutzow", me ono kaiwhakamate. haere te wehe ki te moana Hakihea 30, 1942. Ko te po poara. Nā ki te tupuhi hipokina te kaipuke i ki te kirinuku o te tio, te ārai i te whakamahinga o ngā pūrere kōrero me taputapu.

"Battle New Year o"

I te ata o Hakihea 31 kite te tira kaiwhakamate tauhou. i waimarie nga Tiamana: whakaritea e te British e rere ratou ki te tautiaki Soviet. No te mea o tenei hapa, ahi, tuwhera kaipuke o te Tuatoru Reich, ko hoki te rārangi waka rite te ohorere oti. Otiia, i te Ingarangi hohoro fakatonutonu tona hape. hanga o ratou kaipuke i roto i te raupapa o te whawhai, a ka atarua te smokescreen parekura.

I muri i te hawhe haora i muri i te tutukinga, ako te rangatira o te tira Robert Sherbrooke silhouette whakamataku "Admiral Hipper". Ko te whāinga tuatahi ki te whiriwhiria cruiser kaipahua "Ekeytes", i hāngai i whakatuwheratia ahi. No te mea o te rangi, me te dymzavesy hōia pū Tiamana takatakahi ki te aroturuki i raro i te kaipuke hoariri. Heoi, i te 13 haora, "Ekeytes" paremo, a tangohia ake ana tona heramana 80 ka haere ki te whakaora, ki te āwhina i te trawler.

haere katoa kia rite ki te mahere, te Kriegsmarine, engari i te wa he mo nga Tiamana ohorere puta i runga i te pae i te cruiser Ingarangi "Sheffield" me "Jamaica". hipokina ratou "Admiral Hipper" ahi whakamate. kaipahua Tiamana mau e haere mai ki runga mo to ratou marae, ka whakatata ratou tata rawa ki a ratou, ka ka he hit mate. Na, tetahi cruiser "Lutzow" haere i roto i te whai o te tira. te kitenga e te rangatira tona hape, engari ko reira te mutunga rawa: i hoatu e ia te tikanga ki te haere ki te tauranga. Kopere i te "Admiral Hipper", tonu te tira tona haere ki te Soviet Murmansk. Ko te kore o te mahi arahina ki te rīhainatanga Eriha Redera i te pou o tino o te Tiamana Navy.

Ko te rāhui

Kaha pakaru i roto i te Moana Barents cruiser «Admiral Hipper» aru hoki hanga, i muri i uru ai ia i roto i te rāhui, me te mutu i roto i Gotenhafene. i maturuturu iho e rave rahi taime i te kapa tata polutoratysyachny. I roto i te Maehe 1944 i aru i te reira e te tikanga ki te faaineine i te kaipuke mō ngā mahi heke mai. Heoi, e kore ia e taea te ki kia i te wa e tika. kore i reira wahi nui, me te iwi tonu pokanoa ki te mahi o te Union me te Soviet Air Force. ruma kōhua №3, tahuna i roto i "whawhai New Year o", a kihai i hoatu i roto i te raupapa. Kia ko inaianei ere noa hoki kopikopiko i te takutai i te mīhini whawhai nui.

haere mai ahau 1945. January 1, whakahaere o te kaipuke whakahau ki te horoi ake "Admiral Hipper" me ona mahanga "Tānga Oygen" mo e toru nga marama. Na, i roto i te tauranga o tata hōia Soviet. No te mea o tenei, hei utu o hanga i ki te mahi ki te hōneatanga. January 29, "hipper" mahue Gotenhafen, ahakoa te meka i i mahi ia kotahi anake mīhini huri hiko. I roto i te "Konqueror" i roto i te tua ki te kaipuke noho tona kapa he hawhe mano evacuees. Aita i maoro, i te cruiser i roto i te wāhi i reira i totohu 30 o te waka ruku Soviet "S-13" te Ōseni pāhihi "Vilgelm Gustlov". Kāpene Hans Henigst no o oko popoketanga puta mua nga poti poito me liferafts, i piri hinga i roto i nga Tiamana tukinga.

February 2, tae "Admiral Hipper" i roto i te pa o Kiel. Ko te ra he tino i muri, ka whakaekea te tauranga i na roto i te waka rererangi o Ingarangi. I roto i te huaki ka te kaipuke atu he torutoru kupu. whawhati te ahi i roto i a noho cruiser tahuna i runga i te raro o to koutou ū. I muri i tenei wāhanga, mutu te Moana nga nganatanga horihori ki te whakahou i te whakapehapeha o mua Navy. I muri i te tukunga o te Tuatoru Reich i Mei 1945, "Admiral Hipper" i te wāwāhitanga i te whakarewa.