Cybernetics rite te ako

Cybernetics - te pūtaiao o ngā tukanga whakahaere i roto i ngā pūnaha hihiri, e hāngai ana nei i runga i te pūtake ariā o te arorau, pāngarau, me te whakamahi whānui mō tenei whakaaro rorohiko.

Andre Marie wae iahiko e pā ana ki e rua rau tau ki muri, oti he mahi e tika ana "tuhinga roa i runga i te Philosophy o Pūtaiao." I roto i te mathematician French me ahupūngao rapu ki codify matauranga katoa ngā pūtaiao. I roto i te wāhanga motuhake hoatu pūtaiao pūtaiao, i mahara ia ko reira ki te ako tikanga o te mana pāpori. Ko te ingoa o tenei pūtaiao, ahu ia i te Kariki kupu "kibernetes", oia hoi "kaiurungi", "kaiurungi".

whakanohoia Cybernetics Pūtaiao wae iahiko i roto i te wāhanga "Politics". Hoki te wa roa e kore matou i te whakamahi i te wā i te katoa, i roto i te meka wareware e pā ana ki reira.

Anake i roto i te 1948, Norbert Wiener, mathematician American, whakaputaina te mahi "Cybernetics, ranei Mana me Communication i roto i kaiao me mīhini ora." whakaohokia te pukapuka moni nui o te iwi whānui.

Mau ofa'i tihi i huaina Cybernetics mōhiohio ariā, te ariā o te automata ariā me hātepe kua ako tikanga mō te hanga pūnaha mō te tukatuka mōhiohio. Ko te tino whanui te taputapu pāngarau o te cybernetics pūtaiao. Ko tā te reira i ariā tūponotanga, mahi ariā, arorau pāngarau, me te tahi atu peka o te pāngarau.

I roto i te whanaketanga o ngā huarahi pūtaiao ki cybernetics takaro te koiora tūranga nui e tuatapapa i te whakahaere o te tukanga tūturu i roto i te natura. Whakatakotoria i roto i te whanaketanga o cybernetics ko te tupu o te aunoatanga me te hikohiko, i arahina ki te putanga o rorohiko ki te tere tiketike. Kua whakatuwheratia ake tenei whai wāhitanga tuatahi mō ngā mōhiohio tukatuka me te whaihanga o ngā pūnaha mana.

timata nga ratonga o te pūtaiao hou ki te whakamahi i te ahupūngao, te pāngarau, te koiora, psychiatry, whaiaroaro, ohaoha, kaupapa, Engineering tohutohu rerekē.

No te mea tukanga whakahaere cybernetics akoranga, kua rapu enei pūtaiao ki te whakawhanake i te tukanga whakahaere i roto i nga wāhi o te moni-whaiaro. Ka rite ki te hua, te aro te nuinga i roto i te ako kua unu ki te rauropi ora - ki te tangata e ko te pūnaha mana o te momo rawa, e ngā pūtaiao me kua rapua Engineers ki te whakaputa uri mā te mihini.

Cybernetics tirotiro āhuatanga whānui o te momo o ngā pūnaha whakahaere, e he tūturu, me te kararehe, me te ao organic, me ngā rōpū o te iwi.

ahanoa Mana (mīhini, raina aunoa, he pūtau ora, he huinga o pūāhua) me te wae mana (roro mīhini ranei) e whakawhitiwhiti tonu ngā mōhiohio.

Whakahaere e pā ana ki te tuku, te rokiroki, whakaeminga, tukatuka raraunga, ngā mōhiohio e whakaahua ana i te ahanoa, te taiao o waho, te akoranga o te tukanga, te hōtaka mahi.

rerekē ngā pūnaha rerekē i ia atu na roto i te natura pāpāho (marama, oro, matū, aunoa, tohu hiko, ngā tuhinga). Otiia i roto i tetahi take, he raro ki te ture whānui enei tukanga. Katoa o ratou āhuatanga e te aroaro o te urupare. Hoki, katoa o te whakaaro mana ngā nga huānga me ngā āhuatanga e whai āhuatanga noa tūturu me kaiao ora me mihini horihori. E taea e ki te kite i te mōhiohio ratou, kohikohi reira, ki te tamau aau, etc.

Kua whakawhanakehia tino tere Cybernetics. Mō te hauwhā o te rau tau kua tupu te reira ki tetahi o nga pekanga ārahi, i riro āhukahuka pūtaiao, me te faufaa ao.

cybernetics teie mahana - te pūtaiao ki tonu i-parirau o nga parau tumu o te whakahaere i roto i ngā wāhanga tīpakohia o te pūtaiao me te hapori (ōhanga, hangarau, cybernetics karihi, me ētahi atu) whakawhanake Cybernetics ariā me hanga he tauira o te kāwanatanga.

i huaina ipurangi ko te momo o te mana e whakaaro te whakahaere e rua o te pūnaha, he tūhonohono nei huānga; E whakarato ana i te otinga tino pai o ngā raruraru hihiri; whakamahi te reira i tikanga motuhake o cybernetics (urupare, whaiaro whakahaere-, me ētahi atu); whakamahi aunoatanga me mechanization o mahi i roto i te whakahaere, me te i runga i te pūtake o te hangarau rorohiko me te whakahaere rorohiko.