Decentralization - He aha He reira? Centralization me decentralization

āhua Russian i te wāhanga nei o te whanaketanga i roto i nga tikanga e he moku, ki te tukanga auaha tūturu. Ko reira he tokoingoa o te meka e reira ko he hiahia mo te kaupapa here kāinga pai-hanga, te mahi o ngā pūtahi kāwanatanga i roto i te pou-Soviet Russia, me te te whakatūnga o te pere motuhake o te whakahaere tōrangapū. I roto i ngā, he mea e tika ana ki te whakautu i te pātai: "? Decentralization - he aha te mea reira me aha e ona rerekētanga i te whakakotahitanga o ngā mana"

He aha te mea te tukanga o te centralization me decentralization?

Tahuri ki te kupu, e taea te faaoti i te reira e i te whakakotahitanga me te decentralization o te whakahaere - ariā rerekē. Na, centralization - ko te kukū o te kaha katoa i roto i nga ringa o te whakahaere kotahi. Mai i te wāhi tōrangapū o te tirohanga, ka kore e mau tonu te kāwanatanga te mana katoa i roto i ona ringa ake, a ka homai he tetahi mātau o tinana kāwanatanga rohe, ko reira decentralization. He aha te mea te reira, tukua taipitopito atu ki te kitea i roto i nga whakautu tohunga i runga i te tumu parau.

E rua huarahi huarahi ki te decentralization o te mana

Ki te rā, kia rite ki Vardan Baghdasaryan, i reira e rua ngā huarahi huarahi e tukua ki a koe te whakahoki kupu i te pātai: decentralization - he aha te mea te reira. Ko te rōrahi katoa o te mana whakahaere e taea te tuku i te tau motuhake, e ka e 100%. Ki te hāngai neke atu i te 90% o te kaha i roto i te ringa o nga tinana nui rawa o te mana kāwanatanga , me te% 10 anake e hoatu ki te mātau o mana ā-rohe, e taea te tohe i te reira e i roto i te āhua hakari o te whakahaere centralized. Ki te he inversely hautanga te ōrau o te tohatoha o te kaha, e ko, 90% ana ki te mana o te rohe whaiaro kāwanatanga-a% 10 anake ki ngā tari kāwanatanga i te taumata e hānga ana, me te rohe, ka taea e tatou e te kōrero e pā ana ki te mea i haere tukanga decentralization.

Ko te kupu, ka taea te huarahi huarahi tuatahi ki tatou te korero e pā ana ki te tauira kāwanatanga - decentralization nui. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, e kore e taea te whakatau tika te take o te rohe whaiaro kāwanatanga-o nāianei i runga i te "whenua". Ki te mahi i tenei, ki te werowero i te ngākau nuitanga o te takiwa ngā i roto i i nga whekau teitei o ngā taumata whakahaere, e kore i roto i te nuinga o te wā e taea te mahi.

Ki te tango decentralization wahi i runga i te rua o nga tauira, e faarahi te reira i te mōrea o te separatism i roto i te whenua. Ka taea e waiho he take nui i roto i te whakatau i te parariraa o tufaa te whenua o tenei.

He aha kopakia ana te raruraru o decentralization o te mana?

E kore noa ki te whakahoki kupu i te pātai: "? Decentralization - he aha te mea te reira" - He mea nui ki te mahino te AtAKi taketake me ngā raruraru o te wehenga o mana tikanga.

1. Ko te mate o te heriheri i runga i moni issuance i te Kawanatanga. mutu tenei kino e kore e taea e mana pokapū kawe i stabilization mātau kaupapa here moni. Etahi o nga mana kua tau i roto i te rohe o te Russian Federation, e he nui hoki a ratou nui kawenga pūtea. Ko reira no te mea o enei take te tono ki whakakapi moni.
2. Ko te tupu o te taero. Decentralization o te kaha - ko reira kore anake te tohatoha o mana, engari neke ake ano te maha o ngā pūtahi kāwanatanga, me rangatira, ia o nei mahi he tūranga rerekē. arata'i tenei ki te ture nui rite i roto i te ao tōrangapū, me te i roto i te ao ōhanga me te pāpori.
3. I tua atu, i te decentralization o te kaha - te whakanui ake i te reira pirau i roto i te kāwanatanga ā-rohe. Ko te whakawhāititanga o te mana ko te tohatoha anō o mana i te taumata rohe. Hei whakahaere mai kiea rohe, whakawhetai ki ai ngā ngākau nuitanga āna o kamupene pakihi te whakamahi i utu o mana, nga utu whakapati me te homai homaitanga.
4. Āheiō o te mana i roto i te mara. Ki te whakaputa i te mana kāwanatanga teitei pūrongo i runga i o ratou mahi, rau te whaiaro kāwanatanga-rohe ona mahi i roto i te atarangi. Āpiha i te taumata rohe, kaitirotiro i nga mahi o te pāpāho, na te mahi o te mana ki te hanga e kore e taea tūmatanui te taha kino.

Ahakoa te meka e fehangahangai te decentralization o te mana i roto i Russia te ki maha raruraru, he maha o ngā painga, me ngā whai wāhitanga i mana'ohia tenei huarahi kua.

te ngäwari MSU

He nui te pai ana e pā ana ki te raruraru ngā i roto i te rohe o te takiwa ngā kāwanatanga Local. Tenei ka taea te whakatamarikitanga o rongoā ngāwari ki te whakatutuki i ngā āhuatanga e pupū ake. Heoi, e tika ana ki te kore o tika pūnaha poapoa tōrangapū, me te ōhanga e kore e mahi.

Whakataetae kaupapa MSU

Ko tētahi painga nui o decentralization he whakataetae taratahi i waenganui i kaupapa rerekē. Heoi, e tika ana ki te meka i kore ko te wāhi ōhanga kotahi i roto i te Russian Federation, i roto i te āhua i reira he iti mahi nekeneke, mahi me te rere pūtea.

kawenga o te kāwanatanga ā-rohe

Fatongia o te kāwanatanga ki te rohe pōti. Kei te whakapono te reira e mohio kāwanatanga rohe rite tata rite taea ki te iwi, ratou hiahia me ngā raruraru. Na reira, kia mahi rite tuwhera, me te mārama. I roto i te meka, te matamata o te mana ā-rohe - he māngai o kiea rohe, e hiahia ana ki te waiho i roto i te atarangi o ratou ake mahi, reira piri te takotoranga pono o te mahi ratou.

Ngā here me ngā

A ape i te usurpation o te mana taea centralization hautanga, me te decentralization, e titau te wehenga tino o mana 50/50. Heoi, no te mahi whai hua o te huarahi e tika ana ki te whakahaere pūtahi motuhake. I runga i te rohe o te Russian Federation, tenei mahi he ngoikore, e kore e tukua te reira i te tohu tika o te mana ki te kawe i te rurukutanga i waenga i ngā taumata rerekē o te kāwanatanga.

Centralization me decentralization o te kaha - he take e he tino hāngai ana ki te ra hakari i runga i te rohe o Russia. tohatoha mātau o mana i roto i nga whekau ngā o ngā taumata mana kāwanatanga anake ki te karo i ngā ngoikoretanga taea o te mātau pārōnaki tikanga, me te ite whai wāhitanga.