Dmitri Shostakovich: haurongo o te kaitito nui

Dmitri Shostakovich, tona biography ko o te pānga ki te maha pā o waiata puāwaitanga - mohiotia kaitito Soviet, tawhiti tua atu nga rohe o tona whenua taketake rongonui.

Shostakovich tamarikitanga

Fanauhia Mahuru 25, 1906 i roto i te St Petersburg i te hapu o te piana, me te kēmihi. Music e ko tona hapu he wahi nui o (tona papa - he aroha music ngākau, whaea - he kaiako tākaro te piana), ka hiahia i te tau wawe: taciturn tamaiti tūpuhi, e noho ana i te piana, tahuri ki te kaiwhakatangitangi maia. i tuhituhia tona mahi tuatahi o "Soldier" i roto i te tau 8 o tau, i raro i te mana o kōrero pakeke tonu e pā ana ki te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao. ka Shostakovich, tona haurongo katoa ora i hono ki te waiata, he ākonga o te I.A.Glyassera kura waiata - he kaiako rongonui. Ahakoa nga taketake o te momotuhi waiata maheni Dmitry tona whaea.

Shostakovich: biography Soviet kaitito

I roto i te ora o Dmitry me waiata i nga wa katoa te aroha reira. Hoki te wā tuatahi i tae mai te mana'o mīharo te tamaiti i roto i te tau o 13: te ahanoa aroha ko te Natalya Kube-tau 10-tau, kua tukua putia e te kaiwhakatangitangi iti foreplay. Ko te mana'o āta ahua mangu atu, me te hiahia ki te horo'ai beloveds mahue i roto i te piana virtuoso tonu ratou hamaniraa.

I muri ako i te kura tūmataiti i roto i 1919, Dmitri Shostakovich, ka mau tīmatanga music ngaio nei haurongo, tomo te mua Conservatory, angitu puta i reira i roto i 1923 i rua ngā akomanga: hanganga me te piana. I te wa ano i runga i tona ara ki te whakatau ia aroha hou - ahuareka Tatiana Glivenko. Ko te kotiro te tau taua rite te kaitito, pretty, pai-mātauranga, ngahau, me te koa, faauruhia Shostakovich i te hanganga o te Symphony Tuatahi, i te mea i faaue rite te tuhinga tu'ite. Whakahuatia i roto i tenei mahi, meinga te hohonu o te mana'o i kore te aroha anake, engari ano hoki i te mate e hua i te plurality o nga mataaratanga kaitito, ona wheako, me ngā paheketanga i whanake i te papamuri o tenei katoa.

Tika tīmata te mahi waiata

Ko te tuatahitia o te Symphony Tuatahi, ao leafless i muri i nga tau maha, i tū i roto i te tau 1926 i roto i St Petersburg. Kua whakaaro faahapa Music i roto i te whakakapinga tika kaitito pūmanawa heke Sergeyu Rahmaninovu, Sergei Prokofiev ko Igoryu Stravinskomu. kawea mai te taua taratimere me te kaitito taitamariki me te piana virtuoso o te ingoa ao. A, no te ka whakatata te kupu i te tuatahi International whakataetae Piano Chopin i 1927, i tū i roto i te Warsaw i taranata faahiahia o Shostakovich te aro o tetahi o nga mema o o te tekau Bruno Walter - kaitito Austria-Amerika, me te pēne. te whakaaro ia Dmitry tākaro tahi mea atu, a, no ka whakatangi te Symphony Tuatahi, ka ui Walter te kaitito taitamariki ki te tonoa ia ki a Berlin score. Whiringa 22, i mahi 1927 Pūtātaki tenei wahi o te waiata atu i te whakakororia Shostakovich mo te ao katoa.

I roto i te 1927, he Shostakovich pūmanawa, tona haurongo he maha piki me ngā heke, faauruhia e te angitu o te Symphony Tuatahi, whakaturia ki te waihanga i te opera "te Nose" e Gogol. hanga ano te kamupene i te concerto piana tuatahi, i muri nei i roto i te mutunga o 20-doma tuhituhi rua symphonies.

take o te ngakau

Na te aha Tatiana? Ia, rite te nuinga o ngā kōtiro takakau hoki te wa roa e tatari ana mo te tono te faaipoiporaa, te wehi Shostakovich i ite mana'o taa ma, me te kanapa mo tona Fakamānava'i, ranei kihai i mohio kihai i maia ki te mahi ranei. taata More nanakia nei tutaki i ara Tatiana arahina ia ki raro i te aroa; ia, ka hoatu e ia whanau ki te tama. E toru nga tau i muri mai Shostakovich, whai i te wa katoa ko te inaianei aroha o tētahi atu, tapaea Tatiana ki hei tana wahine. Engari i whiriwhiria e ia ki tino hatepea atu whanaunga katoa ki te mea powhiriwhiri pūmanawa e kitea ratou i roto i te ora te wehi rawa.

I te pae hopea papu e kore e te tino hoki, Shostakovich, tona biography te tu'atiraa rahi ki te waiata me te mau mana'o akakoroanga, te taua tau marenatia e ia Nina Varzar - he kuao ākonga, ki nei noho ia mo runga i te 20 tau. Wahine nei i hoatu ki a ia e rua tamariki, haere i roto i enei tau katoa maia, runaruna atu wahine tane, tana taiata auau, ka mate i te aroaro o tana wahine aroha.

I muri i te matenga o Nina Shostakovich, he haurongo poto e He maha ngā faahiahia ao-ingoa, me te mahi ki te rua te hanga i tētahi whānau: Margarita Kayonovoy ko Irina Supinskoy. Ki te whakamārama o ngā take o te ngakau e kore Dmitri mutu ki te mahi, engari i roto i te hononga ki te waiata mahi ia atu rave.

I runga i nga ngaru o mana huru

I roto i te 1934, tū te opera "Lady o Mtsensk" i roto i Leningrad, whakaae tonu i te minenga i runga i "Huro". Heoi, i muri i te hawhe wa o tona oraraa i raro i riri: i whakahē tino he mahi waiata nga mana Soviet a ka nekehia atu i te wāwāhi. Ko te tuatahitia ai o te Shostakovich maha Symphony, āhuatanga e te tauine lahi, pērā i te hunga o mua, i ki te tango i te wahi i roto i te tau 1936. Nā ki te āhuatanga eui i roto i te whenua, me te rītaha huru o māngai o te mana kāwanatanga ki te auaha o te iwi, kua puta te mahi tuatahi o te mahi puoro anake i roto i te tau 1961. tukua 5 Symphony i roto i te tau 1937. I roto i te nui Patriotic War timata Shostakovich 7 Symphony - "Leningrad", tuatahi whakamana Maehe 5, 1942.

Mai i 1943 ki te 1948, whai wāhi Shostakovich i roto i whakaako i te Moscow Conservatory o Moscow, te wahi i muri peia Stalin i te mana pupuri "whakahoki kia" i roto i te Kaitito 'Union, e tika ana ki kuare. tukua Dmitry ora wa "tika" hua tona tūranga. I tua atu, tūmanakohia te kaitito te ki te tomo ki roto ki te rōpū (whakaongaongatia), me te maha atu tūkunga o e tonu i atu piki atu i te whakaunu.

Ko te tau whakamutunga o Shostakovich, kua ako ki te moni i maha pā o waiata, nui hoki te mate, e mate ana i te mate pukupuku pūkahukahu tona haurongo. e kore e riro te reira i te kaitito i roto i te tau 1975. i tanumia ana pungarehu i Novodevichy Cemetery i Moscow.

Teie mahana mahi e Shostakovich, whakatinana i te whakaari tangata i roto korerotia, whakawhitihia te pukapuka o te mauiui hinengaro nanakia - tino kawenga ao. Te nuinga i Tirohia - Te pae me Tuawaru Symphonies o rima tuhituhi. Mai i quartets string, e he ana hoki ma rima, tino rite tuawaru me te tekau ma rima.