Genetics. ture tuatahi o Mendel

Monk o te take mai Czech, Gregor Mendel, i roto i nga tau 1856-1866 whakahaere ngā, i muri ka mohiotia whānuitia. Ka rite ki te hua o tona rangahau whanau he pūtaiao hou - iranga. Taketake ki tona whanaketanga ko te tuatahi ture o Mendel. I whiriwhiria e te pī rite te kari tauira. Ko tenei tika ki te aroaro o ngā momo maha ki te mārama rerekētanga i waenganui i runga i etahi whenua. I tua atu, he ngāwari ki te tupu me te hybridize enei tipu. Ka rite ki te hua o tupato ngā whakamahere kuti ratou e mau ki waho, me te he maha nui o ngā raraunga tatauranga pono whiwhi i ngā taiwhanga. Ko te hua o te tuatahi ki te whakatuwhera i te ture tuatahi o Mendel, a ka te muri.

Ko te ngako o te whakamātau

Na, i roto i atu taipitopito e pā ana ki te āhua o te ture tuatahi o Mendel i whakatuwheratia. I te timatanga o te ako tīpakohia i tipu he rerekētanga motuhake mo tetahi rua o tohu: hei tauira, te whakaritenga o te puawai - apical axillary ranei. Whakatipu i ia momo i roto i te torutoru whakatupuranga, tuhia Mendel ratou pai mo te whakamahi i roto i ngā take whakamātautau. ngā te ngā i roto i te whakawhitinga i te whakawhiti i te hae o tetahi tipu ki tetahi. Kua whiwhi hua whakamātau pono whakawhetai ki te haapa'oraa tupato o te maha o whakatūpatotanga. I roto i ngā, i te pūtawa i te puawai e kua pollinated, muri nekehia, kakahu potae motuhake i roto i te puawai ki te karo i te whakawhiti o te hae i te tahi atu tipu.

Ko te hua whakamātautau

Mai i te purapura ranu kohia i roto i te wā katoa, e whakato ki te puawai axillary. riro tenei āhuatanga kua ngoi. I tangohia te aroaro o te puawai apical rite te huru ngoikore. I muri i te wheako o te whakatupuranga tuatahi o ngā tipu i mahue mo whaiaro ruingahae-. Ko te hybrids hua i wahi o te axillary me te puawai apical. I raro i te whakaaro o Mendel, i reira i roto i te whakatupuranga tuatahi tuarua te momo. Heoi, ko iti te faaiteraa o tenei huru. Ko, i whakakitea ai i roto i te puka huna. I roto i te whakahaere i taua ngā ki etahi tohu o te rua, kia toru koata hybrids whai āhuatanga, i puta i roto i te whakatupuranga tuatahi. Ko te wahi wha o te uri i roto i nga otaota ahu whānau 2 kihai i ngā āhuatanga i tāutuhia ai i roto i te 1. He aha te he atu o te whakamātau, te atu te hua o te tata i te ōwehenga o 3: 1. whakarewahia te ture tuatahi o Mendel i roto i enei akoranga.

ngā kitenga

I roto i te haapiiraa i te āhuatanga o te otaota whiti - te tauira mātua reira e rua ōrite tohu - hybrids whiwhi rite ki tetahi o āhuatanga tuku. E kore e nga āhuatanga o te whakatupuranga tuatahi o te uri hanumi, ka mau tonu tangatatanga. Ka rite ki te hua, kua rangahau kua huihui mawehe atu mōhiohio pono ki te ture tuatahi o Mendel i. Ko tōna waihanga ko e whai ake: "Kua takoto te tohu i te rua kaiao o ngā āhuatanga ā-(ira). I roto i te whakatupuranga tuarua, i whiwhi i te whakawhiti monohybrid, āhua te hauwhā o te tamariki i huru ngoikore ". Me kï reira e kore i te tuatahi, me Tuarua ture o Mendel tuatahi whakaaetia e te hapori pūtaiao. I muri mai i roto i te mahi o ētahi atu pūtaiao, enei tikanga kua kï ano. Ka rite ki te hua, kua rangahau hou kua hanga e pūira ariā o whakapapa.