Hadron Collider: Tīmata. Ko te nui Hadron Collider aha? Kei hea?

History o te whakatere, e mohio ana tatou i tenei ra kia rite ki te nui Hadron Collider tīmata ake mai i 2007. I te tīmatanga tīmata reira ki te fakahokohoko o te whakatere o te cyclotron. Ko te pūrere ko he pūrere iti e ngāwari hāngai i runga i te tepu. Na ka kua whakawhanakehia te kōrero o accelerators tamau. puta te reira i synchrotron me synchrotron.

I roto i te hītori o pea te whakangahau tino ko te wā i 1956 ki te tau 1957 tau. I te wa, te pūtaiao Soviet, ngā ahupūngao, kihai i ngenge teina ke. Mā te whakamahi i te tau putu o te wheako, te ahupūngao Soviet ko Vladimir Veksler hanga he pakaruhanga i roto i te pūtaiao. Ko ratou i hanga te synchrotron kaha tino i te wa. Ko tōna kaha mahi i 10 GeV (10 piriona volts irahiko). I muri kua hanga kē tenei kitea tauira nui o accelerators: nui irahiko-Positron Collider, he whakatere Swiss, Germany, te United States. E ratou katoa kotahi whāinga noa - te ako o matūriki taketake o roa'ee no.

I hanga te nui Hadron Collider i te whakawhetai wahi tuatahi ki nga tautooraa o te ahupūngao Italian. Na ko tona ingoa Carlo Rubbia, Nobel Laureate. I roto i tona mahi mahi Rubbia rite te kaiwhakahaere i te Pākehā Organization mo Nuclear Rangahau. I whakaritea e te reira ki te hanga me te rere i te LHC he pokapū rangahau i runga i-pae.

Hea Hadron Collider?

whakanohoia Collider i runga i te rohe i waenganui i Switzerland ko France. Te roa o paea ko 27 kiromita, a pera huaina te mea nui. mowhiti whakatere haere hoki 50 ki te 175 mita. Ko te aukume 1232 whakaturia te collider. E superconducting ratou, e te tikanga tetahi taea te whakawhanake i tētahi mara mōrahi mō te whakatere, mai te utu pūngao o taua aukume e tata ngaro. Ko te katoa taimaha o ia aukume ko 3.5 taranata i te roa o te 14.3 mita.

Ka rite ki tetahi ahanoa tinana, mahia te nui Hadron Collider wera. Na reira, ko te mea e tika ana ki tonu hauhautanga. Hoki tenei whakaaro, tonu te pāmahana te i 1.7 K te whakamahi i 12 miriona rita o te hauota wai. I tua atu, kei te whakamahia wai haumāmā (700,000 rita) mo te meangiti, me tino nui - whakamahia te pēhanga e, e ko te tekau nga wa i raro i te pēhanga noa kōhauhau.

Temperature 1.7 K centigrade ko -271 nekehanga. Ko te tata tata ki te pāmahana taua kore pūmau. kore pūmau i huaina ko te rohe taea i raro, e kia whai i te tino tahuti.

e kore iti te mea ngā te roto rawa o te kauhanga. He Niobium-Titanium superconducting taura ki taea. Ratou roa ko te 7600 kiromita. Ko te taimaha katoa 1,200 taranata taura. Ko te roto o te taura - he plexus o waea 6300 ki te katoa tawhiti o 1.5 piriona kiromita. He rite ki te 10 wae arorangi tenei roa. Hei tauira, te tawhiti i te whenua ki te ra , ko te 10 taua wae.

Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki tona wāhi matawhenua, e taea te mea te reira e te mowhiti collider takoto i waenganui i nga pa o Saint-Genis me Forno Voltaire kei i runga i te taha French, me te Marin ko Vessurat - ki te taha ki Swiss. mowhiti Small, ka karanga PS, atu haere te rohe o te diameter.

Te être raison d'

I roto i te tikanga ki te whakahoki i te pātai "He aha te mea te LHC", e hiahia ana koe ki te tahuri ki te pūtaiao. He tokomaha kaipūtaiao mea e ko te reira i te tenenga nui mo te wā katoa o te oraraa o te pūtaiao, me taua pūtaiao kahore reira, mohiotia nei ki a tatou i tenei ra, tika e kore e hanga tikanga. Ko te oraraa me te whakarewatanga o te nui Hadron Collider e ngā i roto i taua i te tukinga korakora i roto i te LHC ko te pahūtanga. te matūriki pai katoa whakamararatia i roto i ngā tohutohu rerekē. Ki te hanga i matūriki hou, e ai whakamārama i te oraraa, me te tikanga o maha.

Ko te mea tuatahi e kua tamata kaiputaiao ki te kitea enei matūriki tuki - kua takahi tohu reira i te ahupūngao Pita Higgs matūriki timatanga i huaina te "Higgs boson". Tenei matūriki nga auheke ko te kawe o te mōhiohio, e whakaaro. Otiia huaina reira ko te "Atua korakora". Whakatuwhera i te reira e neke kaipūtaiao ki matau i te ao. Me kï reira e i roto i 2012, 4 Hōngongoi, Hadron Collider (tīmata reira wāhanga i muri) ki te āwhina i kitea i te matūriki rite. Ki te rā, kei te ngana pūtaiao ki te ako i te reira i roto i te taipitopito.

Kia pehea te roa e pai ai ...

O te akoranga, te pātai tonu whakatika, he aha he kaipūtaiao kia roa ki te ako i ēnei matūriki. Ki te whai koe i te pūrere, ka taea e rere ai koe, me te wa katoa ki te kopere atu me te ake raraunga. Ko te take i te mahi o te LHC - ko reira he pai utu. utu kotahi whakarewanga he moni nui. Hei tauira, he rite ki te 800 miriona. KW / h te kohi pūngao ā-tau. Tenei nui o te pūngao pau te pa ki te taupori o e pā ana ki 100 mano. Tangata, i te paerewa toharite. e kore tenei ngā utu tiaki. Ko tētahi atu take - he e te pahūtanga LHC e puta ka pitting te iraoho herea ki te whakaputa i te rōrahi nui o ngā raraunga: te mōhiohio rorohiko-pānui kia te tukatuka e te rota o te wā. Ahakoa ahakoa te meka e te mana o te rorohiko e riro te mōhiohio, ara nui e ngaahi tu'unga o tenei ra.

Ko tētahi atu take - he reira kahore iti rongonui mea pouri. Scientists mahi ki collider i roto i tenei aronga, haapapu e te whānuitanga kitea o te ao, ko te 4 anake%. Kei te riro te reira e te okiokinga - ko reira mea pouri, me te pūngao pouri. ngana experimentally ki te whakamatau e he tika tenei ariā.

Hadron Collider: hoki ranei ki

Kuhua mua te ariā o te mea pouri i huaina ki te pātai te haumaru o te oraraa o te LHC. whakatika te pātai: "Hadron Collider: hoki ranei ki?" I pe'ape'a ia maha pūtaiao. E wehea nga hinengaro nui katoa o te ao ki e rua ngā kāwai. "Hoariri" Kua hoatu mua he ariā ngā e ki te vai taua mea, ka me te mea tona matūriki ritenga. Na puta te tukinga korakora i roto i te whakatere wahi mumura. He ko he mōrea e te wahi pouri, me te wahi e kite tatou kanohi. Na i taea arahi reira ki te mate o te ao. Heoi, i muri i te LHC tīmatanga tuatahi kua tenei ariā kua tetahi wahi he pakarukaru.

Muri i roto i te faufaa mai te pahūtanga o te ao, ranei, kaua - te whanautanga. Kei te whakapono te reira e taea te kitea i te tutukinga pehea mahi te ao i roto i te hēkona tuatahi o te oraraa. Ko te ara ka titiro ia i muri i te takenga o te Big Bang. Kei te whakapono te reira e te mea tino rite ki te tetahi i ko i te timatanga o te whanautanga o te ao te tukanga tukinga korakora.

I te iti rawa i tetahi atu whakaaro tino mīharo i takina pūtaiao - te reira tauira tāwāhi. Te āhua maere, engari i reira ko te ariā e fokotuu e reira e te tahi atu āhuatanga me universes rite tatou te taata. Na oddly nui, te whakatere me te e taea ki te āwhina i.

Mämä noa iho, te whakaaro o te oraraa o te whakatere ko te ki matau he aha te ao, ko te, pehea i hanga ai, ki te whakamatautau anei tetahi ariā ngā o matūriki me ari whai pānga ranei. Ko e mo'oni, e tangohia e te reira tau, engari ki ia tīmatanga, i ngā āhuatanga hou e hurihia te ao o te pūtaiao.

Facts e pā ana ki te whakatere

Te tangata e matau e whakatere te whakatere matūriki ake ki 99% i te tere o te marama, engari kahore e mohio maha iwi e he rite ki te 99,9999991% o te te ōrau tere o te marama. hanga ana tēnei ahua mīharo tikanga no te mea o te hoahoa tino, me te whakatere aukume kaha. kia mōhio hoki tatou i etahi o nga meka iti mohiotia.

Ko te tau whakaputaina i roto i te tukinga korakora i roto i whakaterenga

Ko te maha o ngā iraoho i roto i te paihere	ki 100 Bln. (1011)
maha o tautau	ki 2.808
Ko te maha o haere iraoho Kurupae i te rohe pūkite	ki runga ki te 31 miriona. tuarua rohe 4
Ko te maha o collisions matūriki i te pūtahitanga	ki 20
Volume ia tukinga raraunga	e pā ana ki 1.5 MB
Rahinga o matūriki Higgs	1 ngaua katoa 2.5 hēkona (i kaha tonu o te kurupae me i roto i runga i etahi whakapae e pā ana ki te āhuatanga o te matūriki Higgs)

Āhua 100 miriona. Awa o te raraunga e haere mai i ia o nga pūhohe matua e rua ka taea e i roto i te mea o hēkona ki te whakaoti atu i te 100,000 CD. I roto i te kotahi noa marama kua tae te maha o ngā kōpae i te teitei taua e ina takoto iho ratou i roto i te tāpae, e te mea nui ki te marama. I reira faaoti te reira i kore ki te kohi i te raraunga katoa e haere mai ana i te pūhohe, engari anake te hunga e whakaaetia ana ki te whakamahi i te pūnaha kohinga raraunga, i roto i te meka mahi rite te tātari mo te raraunga. I whakaritea e te reira ki te tuhi 100 anake ngā e puta i te wa o te pahūtanga. ka waiho tuhia enei ngā ki pūranga te pokapū o te pūnaha LHC, kei nei i i te Pākehā Laboratory mo matūriki Physics, ko wai te mea ano hoki te wahi o te tūranga whakatere raraunga. E kia tuhia nga ngā e kua tuhia, me te hunga e tohu i te hapori pūtaiao te moni nui.

aftertreatment

I muri tuhi i te rau kiropaita o raraunga ki te tukatuka. Hoki tenei whakaaro, kei neke atu i te rua miriona rorohiko i roto i CERN. Ko te whakaaro o enei rorohiko ko te tukatuka o raraunga mata, me te hanganga o to ratou turanga, i ka whai hua mō te tātari atu. Ka atu e whakahaua awa raraunga hangaia ki te whatunga rorohiko mātiti. hono ana tēnei whatunga ipurangi mano o rorohiko e kua kei roto i ngā whare rerekē huri noa i te ao, herea neke atu i te kotahi rau pokapū nui, e kua kei i runga i toru fenua. E hono taua ngā katoa ki CERN whakamahi muka optical - mō te auau raraunga mōrahi.

Korero o meka, he mea e tika ana ki te whakahua ano e pā ana ki te hanganga o te tohu tinana. Tunnel whakatere ko te ine o 1.4% i te waka rererangi whakapae. mahi tenei i roto i te wahi tuatahi ki te hoatu te nuinga o te kauhanga whakatere i roto i te kamaka nukurau. Ko te kupu e rerekē te hohonu o te whakanohonga i runga i nga taha ritenga. Ki te amo tatou i te moana, e kei nei tata Geneva, te hōhonu, ko te 50 mita. Ko te wahi i te ritenga kua he hohonu o 175 mita.

Ko te mea ngā, ko te e pā ngā wāhanga kaupeka te whakatere. kia mea he rite te ahanoa tawhiti taea mahi i te tawhiti. Otira kua tuhia reira e i roto i te marama tonu, ka reira te mea he ngaru o whenua i roto i te rohe Geneva, moata ai i rite nui rite 25 henimita. pānga tenei te roa o te collider. Roa ai incremented e 1 mirimita, ka puta ke te pūngao kurupae e 0.02%. Mai Me pupuri te pūngao o te mana kurupae ki runga ki te 0,002%, me tango te kairangahau ki pūkete tenei āhuatanga.

ngā ano hoki ko e te kauhanga collider kua te āhua o te tapawaru, nui atu i te porohita, rite tokomaha e. Koki i hanga o ngā wāhanga poto. E whakaritea ratou pūhohe whakaritea me te pūnaha e whakahaere te kurupae matūriki vitiviti.

hanganga

Hadron Collider, te whakarewanga o nei e pā ana te ki he maha o nga kōrero, me te oaoa o pūtaiao - he pūrere mīharo. Kei whakatere katoa o rua mowhiti. mowhiti Iti i huaina iraoho synchrotron ranei, ki te whakamahi i te whakapoto - PS. mowhiti nui - Super iraoho Synchrotron, SPS ranei. Tahi nga mowhiti e rua tukua te wahi E ruia ana ki 99.9% te tere o te marama. Ko te kupu collider piki me te pūngao o ngā iraoho, te whakanui ake i to ratou pūngao katoa o 16 nga wa. Ka taea anō hoki tutuku nga matūriki ki ia atu āhua 30 Mill. Time / s. hoki 10 haora. whiwhi 4 pūhohe nui te i te nuinga 100 terapaita o raraunga mamati ia te rua. Te fariiraa raraunga e tika ana ki ngā āhuatanga takitahi. Hei tauira, ka taea e ratou kitea matūriki māmā, e whai he tiaki tōraro hiko, a ka whai i te hawhe-miro. Mai he kotiti enei matūriki, ka whakatika taea to ratou rapunga he taea ki te kite i to ratou pūngao anake ki kia tukuna i te tetahi koki ki te tuaka kurupae. huaina ana tēnei taahiraa ko te taumata keu tuatahi. aru ana tēnei taahiraa e neke atu i te 100 kāri raraunga motuhake, e kua integrated i roto i te whakatinanatanga arorau. āhuatanga tēnei wāhanga e i roto i taua i roto i te taenga o te raraunga ko te kōwhiringa o poraka raraunga neke atu i te 100 tysyach i roto i te kotahi te rua. Na, kei te whakamahia ēnei raraunga mō te tātari, e tupu te whakamahi i te tikanga taumata-teitei.

Next Taumata Systems, hei kōrero, riro mōhiohio i te rere katoa pūoko. mahi pūoko Pūmanawa i roto i te whatunga. Reira ka whakamahi i te reira i te tau nui o rorohiko ki te tukatuka poraka raraunga muri, te wa toharite i waenganui i nga poraka o - 10 microseconds. Ka Me Papatono ki te waihanga i tētahi tohu o matūriki, e ōrite ana ki te wāhi taketake. Ko te hua ko te huinga raraunga i hanga arā, o te torohaki, pūngao, me ētahi atu ara e whakatika i roto i tetahi hui.

wāhanga whakatere

Ka taea te wehea whakatere katoa ki 5 ngā wāhanga matua:

1) te collider whakatere irahiko-positron. Ko te wahi he e pā ana ki 7 aukume tysyach ki ngā āhuatanga superconducting. Ki te ratou puta i roto i te aronga annular o te kauhanga kurupae. A hoki arotahi ratou he kurupae i roto i te rere kotahi nei whanui heke ki te whanui o te makawe kotahi.

2) solenoid muon kiato. Kei te hangaia tēnei pūoko mō te whakaaro whānui. I roto i te pūoko taua e rapu mō ari hou, me te, hei tauira, rapu hoki te matūriki Higgs.

3) Detector LHCb. Ko te hiranga o tenei pūrere ko ki te rapu hoki roa'ee no me nga matūriki ātete ratou - antiquarks.

4) Ko te pukapuka mahere whenua tāutanga toroidal. Kei te hangaia tēnei pūoko mo warea o te muons.

5) Alice. Tenei pūoko hopu colliding katote mata, me collisions iraoho-iraoho.

Fifi tīmata te LHC

Ahakoa te meka e te aroaro o te hangarau tiketike faaore he rerekē te taea o hapa i roto i te mahi nga mea katoa. I roto i te roa, me te te wa kore o te whakaminenga whakatere. Me ahau mea e kore ko tenei āhuatanga ohorere. Kei roto i te pūrere maha onäianei me titau taua pū e pūtaiao e titau hua rite. Hei tauira, tetahi o nga raruraru i fehangahangai te pūtaiao i roto i whakarewatanga - te kore o te aukume, i arotahi kurupae o ngā iraoho tonu i mua i te tukinga. I meinga tenei aituā nui i te whakangaromanga o te maunga e tika ana ki te mate o te superconducting aukume.

whakatika tenei raruraru i roto i te 2007. No te mea o reira, te whakarewatanga o te collider hiki e rave rahi taime, a i roto i Pipiri ka mau te whakarewatanga wahi, tīmata ano tata te Collider tau.

Ko angitu te whakarewatanga whakamutunga o te collider, e kohikohi reira maha terapaita o raraunga.

Hadron Collider, te whakarewanga o i tangohia e wahi i runga i April 5, 2015, pai whakahaere. I roto i ka whai i te marama kurupae a tawhio noa te mowhiti, te mana āta piki haere. Ko te whāinga mō te ako rite taua, e kore. Ka kia nui haere kurupae tukinga pūngao. Ko te uara o te anga i te 7 ki te 13 TeV TeV. Tenei hua ka tukua ki te kite i ngā whai wāhitanga hou i roto i te tukinga korakora.

I te 2013, me te 2014. i nui inspections hangarau o huna, accelerators, pūhohe me ētahi atu taputapu. Ko te hua e superconducting 18 aukume pourua mahi. Me kï reira e te tapeke o ratou he 1232 nga wahi. Heoi, e kore i te toe aukume kua hia. Kore whakakapi tatou te pūnaha o te tiaki ki te meangiti iho, maka ake. pai ake hoki te pūnaha meangiti o aukume. Tenei e āhei ki a ratou noho i pāmahana iti, ki te kaha mōrahi.

Ki te haere katoa te pai, ka tango i te whakarewatanga i muri o te whakatere wahi i muri anake tau e toru. Na roto i tenei wā e whakaritea te mahi i āta whakamaheretia ki te whakapai ake, te whakamātautau hangarau o te collider.

Me kï reira e utu te hanga i te pene, i waho whakaaro i te utu. Hadron Collider, rite o 2010 kua he uara rite ki te 7.5 bln. Euro. whakaatu ana tēnei ahua te kaupapa katoa i roto i te wahi tuatahi i roto i te rārangi o nga kaupapa tino utu i roto i te hītori o te pūtaiao.

rongo Tata

Hadron Collider, te whakarewanga o i tangohia e wahi i muri i te break, i angitu. i kohia raraunga Interesting. Hei tauira, i te aroaro taunakitanga e te whakaaro hou o te matūriki tika. hanga ana tēnei te whakawhetai taea ki te mahi tika o te pūhohe CMS me LHCb. Enei BS pūhohe pirau mau e rua meson, i te mea Direct taunakitanga pono ariā hou.

Ko reira utu tono te pātai, pehea ko te tohu o tenei ariā. Ko tētahi ara - ko te hopu o matūriki hou tenei. Ko, ki te ka waiho he tukinga korakora timatanga hou, e te tikanga e kia arotake te ariā hou.

arotahi Scientists whakarongo i runga i te matūriki no te mea e taea te whakaatu i te reira, ranei i te iti rawa te whakatuwhera i te tatau i roto i te ahunga o te supersymmetry. Ko te tīmatanga pai mō te ako atu, me te mahi i roto i te Center mō te Scientific Research i Geneva tenei.

He aha te i muri?

I muri haere ki te pa ao hou i muri o te collider ka kia tēra ki ako atu o matūriki. I roto i ngā, ka waiho reira tika ki te ako atu e pā ana ki te boson Higgs. Ahakoa te meka e hoki whakawhiwhia tenei kitea i te Nobel, e kore katoa o ona āhuatanga i matau tino, ka kï. Na reira, pūtaiao i te mahi roa, me te uaua i runga i te ako o tenei matūriki mīharo.

I tua atu, me tonu koe ki te mahi ki te whakamatau faahapa i te ariā o te supersymmetry ranei. Ahakoa te mea te reira te moka fantastic, engari te mea he tika ki te tīariari. Kaua e whakaaro e te hoatu te aro katoa ki te take tuatahi o te faufaa mo ia kaupapa anake kua ona kapa ake o pūtaiao e mahi i roto i tenei mara.

O te akoranga, e kore ko te mahi katoa e hiahia ana ki te kia whakatutuki ki kaiputaiao tenei. Ki ia terapaita hou o te mōhiohio riro te rārangi o ngā pātai tonu kō, a taea te titiro ake o ratou whakautu ki runga i te tau.