He aha te mea he reo agglutinative?

Torutoru Inapō ako te reo i roto i ngā o ratou ariā. Ko te tikanga he hiahia katoa tika kōrero ki iwi ke i roto i to ratou reo, nui atu i ki mahino aha nga tūmahi me tūāhua tikanga tetahi ara ranei tetahi. Otiia he mātauranga wetereo tino ngā me āwhina ki te whakautu i ngā pātai rite: "? Reo Ingarihi - inflectional agglutinative ranei" whakamahi Practical mo te tangata ke i roto i tenei iti, ahakoa, ki te matau i roto i te ariā, e taea te mohio ki rite "mahi" reo, a ka haere tonu ki te tūhura i tō rātou kua tata karu.

History o wetereo

kōrero iwi noa noa kahore tātari pehea ratou rave i te reira, a he aha whakapumautia etahi faaiteraa te pera, he ratou. Otiia, i reira ko te hunga e fifili he aha ture e kua hanga rerekē mita. Na mooni whakaaro aua iwi nei i hiahia i roto i reira i te aroaro o te roa i to tatou wa, te pūtaiao tatou e matau i tenei ra kia rite ki wetereo. Ko reira uaua inaianei ki te mea e whakatakotoria ona pakiaka, no te mea i teie mahana e wehea tenei ako ki te tokomaha nui o manga. Ko tae noa ki wetereo hou, e taea te huaina tona kaiwhakarewa pūtaiao American Leonarda Blumfilda. ka haere mai tona ngā i te timatanga o te rau tau XX, a i taea ki te faauru mau pǐpǐ e kore anake ki te whanaketanga o te ariā, engari ano i roto i to ratou tono mahi ia.

Huri noa i te wa taua ki te ngāue typology i āhuatanga reo rite te nui ake iti iho ranei whakawhanakehia i runga i te pūtake o te tohu rawa tikanga, a kapea ana te reira. kore kua tēnei raruraru i hoatu whakarongo noa te rau tau waenganui XX, ka whāngai ai te whakarōpū hou e hāngai ana i runga i nga whakaaro Fridriha Shlegelya ko Wilhelm von Humboldt. momo morphological o reo - amorphous, agglutinative, inflected - miramira whakamutunga tika. Ko reira ki etahi tāpiritanga, me te haere tonu ki te kia whakamahia tenei ra.

Ngā momo o Modern Reo

wetereo Modern whakamahi te whakarōpūtanga e whai ake nei:

1. āhuatanga wetereo :

• tātari;
• waihanga.

2. Ko nga āhuatanga morphological:

• mātao;
• reo agglutinative;
• inflectional ranei fusional;
• incorporative.

Whakapoauau kore e enei kāwai e rua kia, engari i roto i te meka ōrua tata katoa te reo tuuraa i ki te analytic. Otiia, i konei kua whakaaro reira āhuatanga tino rerekē. Na Morphology i roto i tenei take, ko te nui ake ngā.

agglutinative

whakamahia tēnei wā kei te kore anake i roto i wetereo, engari ano hoki, hei tauira, i roto i te koiora. Tahuri ki te reo Roma, i te mea, pera ki te korero, te "whaea" o te nuinga o ngā, e tangi he translation mau rite "hononga". Agglutinative momo o te reo kōrero e te hanganga o wae wetereo hou e wahi mā ki te turanga pakiaka o nga wahi atu ranei (Tireni): .. Hiku, ngā kuhimua, etc. He mea nui e hāngai ia o formant ki tetahi anake uara, i roto i nei take i reira he o ngā kahore okotahi i roto i te ture o te te puku, me te conjugation. Kei te whakapono te reira e te mea pakeke me iti whakawhanakehia tenei momo whakaritea ki inflected. Heoi, i reira he taunakitanga me te ritenga atu o te tirohanga, na te roa rite reira he kore take ki te whakaaro reo agglutinative atu i tahito ra.

He kanorau tauira: te Finno-Ugric ko Turkic, Mongolian ko Korean, Japanese, Georgian, Indian me etahi whenua Awherika, me te nuinga o nga adverbs horihori (Esperanto, Ido) no ki tenei rōpū.

Ka taea te whakaaro te āhuatanga o te agglutination te tauira o te reo Kyrgyz, e kua he kōwae o te papakupu, e taea te whakawhiti ki te Russian rite "dostoruma". "Dos" - pūtake, e te tikanga "hoa". Wāhanga o te "Torus" e pā ana ki te vahine rau. "Mind" faaite te tohu o no te tangata tuatahi, e ko "toku". Hei whakamutunga, "he" tohu te dative. Ko te hua, ko te "toku hoa".

inflectional

I roto i tenei formant rōpū whai wāhi i roto i te takenga kia kawe maha ngā āhuatanga wetereo veteki hono. Na, mo te tauira, e wahi roto i te reo Rusia.

Ko te kupu "matomato" Ko te -th mutu, te whakakotahi i nga tohu tika dative, motuhia me te tautāne. ka karanga ēnei e te inflections formant.

I ngā wā, tenei momo o reo ngā reo Indo-Pākehā tata kainga katoa: German, Russian, Latin ko Semitic ko Sami rōpū. kite kairangahau te ia o te mate o inflections rite whanaketanga kupu. Hei tauira, no Ingarihi whakamutunga ano hoki ki tenei rōpū, a inaianei ko ia, i roto i te meka, tata tātari tiaki i te mau hu'ahu'a torutoru. Ka taea te huaina tētahi atu tauira o te huringa Armenian, i awe adverbs tino Caucasian, ka tahuri ki te kāwai e tika ana. Na reira te reo agglutinative.

tuuraa i

Hoki tenei momo āhuatanga e te ngaro tata oti o morphemes. Te takenga nuinga puta ki nga kupu mahi i roto i ngā rerenga kōrero hanganga mārō, me te ara mita.

He tauira tino hoki tenei kāwai ko te reo Hainamana puāwaitanga i roto i nei tino e kore te mea pēnei i te declination o nga wahi o te kupu, me te ihoparau tenses. Hei tohu i te mahi i roto i te mua, ranei ka tupu ranei ranei reira i roto i te heke mai, te whakamahi o te wā, me te tūkunga kupu ētahi wā mahi. Ki te whakapuaki i nga oko whakamahia mea tuhonohono e, a ki te whakahiato ngā take - matūriki motuhake. I roto i tenei take, tutuki te māramatanga tika o te tikanga o ngā rerenga kōrero e na roto i te raupapa kupu pakeke. kitea te āhuatanga rite i roto i te Vietnamese, Khmer, Lao.

Tino tata ki tenei momo, me te reo Ingarihi, kua tata rawa ngaro nga tohu o te kōpapa.

whakaurua

Tenei kāwai āhua hou, e kore e uru i roto i te typology puāwaitanga, nui i roto i te noa kua reira ki agglutinative. I roto i te meka, he o te āhua taua enei ari e rua me e maha kitea tahi. Otiia titore mātauranga wetereo ratou, whakapono e ki te pā agglutination te kupu anake, e taea te kite i te kaporeihana i roto i te tono katoa, arā taea te kōwae faaite matatini matatini-waha-iti.

whakauru

Wehe, e kore te tenei momo tawhiti, hiahia ki te karanga ranei tetahi atu puka tauwhirowhiro tūkē, ki te he ratou tohu e rua o te kōpapa, a kia waiho mo te tahi mau āhuatanga whakarōpūtia rite te reo agglutinative. Tenei Russian, Caucasian, Hamitic-Semitic, Panatū, Te Tai Tokerau American me etahi ētahi atu. Kei te nuinga o noa kīia ratou ki rite waihanga, te tauwhāiti te tohu o te kōpapa.

Ko nga mea katoa i reira, he uaua ki te tohatoha agglutinative, inflected, mātao me reo whakauru i roto i tona puka parakore. Kotahi ara ranei tetahi, tata katoa tauira ka kawe i te āhuatanga iti o te toenga. he tika e rua ki te kukuwhatanga o tenei, a ki te pāhekoheko tata o reo i roto i te ao nei i teie mahana i te maha nui o taurewa me te whakataki.

whanaketanga o ngā reo

Hoki i ngā tau, theorize kairangahau e pā ana ki te mea momo ki te whakaaro atu hou, me te mātanga. Heoi, kahore nui te ahunga whakamua i roto i tenei aronga, ko te kore e ano. Ko te meka Ko e i roto i te tukanga o te whanaketanga o te reo kia huri typology, ētahi wā noa e rave rahi taime. Ko tenei i te tahi mau wāhi te take e i roto i te whakarōpū i homai ake meimei hawhe te rau.

Otiia, tenei kaupapa iho ko te tino ngahau, me wetereo hou tuku maha ariā e pā ana:

• kunenga convergent. Kei te riro te reira e ia reo whanake i ona ake ture, whiwhi me te ngaro i te ngā āhuatanga e e taea te pēnei reira ki ngā momo rerekē. I roto i tenei faaauraa me tāpiritanga ki ētahi atu adverbs maha kōpeka.
• kunenga Koru. Kei te whakapono te reira e te mutunga tahuri reo agglutinative katoa ki te kōpapa. Na āta reira ngaro, kua puta ai ki te momo tuuraa. I muri e te reo ano i roto i te kotahi te ahua ranei tetahi haere hoki ki te agglutination.