He aha te mea te kiriwai, me aha he tona whanaketanga?

Embryogenesis - he tukanga matatini, āhuatanga nei i te hanganga āta o whēkau me te kopa. Te nuinga o ngā kaiao multicellular, te iroriki o te kukune ngā o ngā papa e toru: ectoderm, kiriroto, kiriwai. He aha te mea te kiriwai? Na kōhiwi chitin o angawaho, me nga kiriwaho o te kiri, me te pūnaha io he o takenga ectodermal. Kūnatu, endocrine me ngā pūnaha romahā i hanga i te kiriroto. Pehea, ka, okana me te kopa homai ara ki kiriwai? Ka rite ki te mea i hanga ai?

He aha te mea te kiriwai. whakamāramatanga

Tetahi pūnaha kiko okana ranei i hanga o te tetahi apa o te pūtau ira. He aha te mea te kiriwai? I roto i te koiora, te whakamāramatanga ko e ko reira tetahi o nga paparanga iroriki, i nei i roto i embryogenesis i hanga he maha o whēkau me te kopa. kiriwai ingoa Tuarua - mezoblast. he angamaheni hoki te nuinga o ngā kararehe multicellular (okotahi: te momo o kakahu, me te momo Coelenterates) te hanganga o tenei apa.

Kiriwai kei waenganui i te ectoderm me kiriroto. Ia o nga paparanga iroriki tata taea whai wāhi i roto i te hanganga o te mezoblasta. Fakatatau ki ai, e rua ngā momo o te takenga o te huna hoki paparanga embryonic tau waenga: entomesoderm, ekzomezoderma. He hoki āhuatanga i reira te hanganga mezoblasta whai wāhi kotahi hanganga e rua.

Kiriwai hei motuhake rau embryonic i hanga te i te wā o te gastrulation.

hanganga kiriwai. Āhuatanga o te hanganga

He aha te mea te kiriwai? I roto i te koiora, te riro te reira e hanga e ia okana o te embryogenesis kararehe multicellular tetahi o nga paparanga iroriki. Hanganga o te kiriwai - angamaheni aramorfoz flatworms momo .. Na ki te mea kua hanga e te paparanga waenganui pono tuatahi Germinal. Patohia kāri me te momo Coelenterates he kararehe bilayer māngai i roto i embryogenesis i hanga ectoderm me kiriroto anake.

Kia pehea te ko te hanganga o te kiriwai?

E toru ara o mezoblasta mātauranga.

1. Teloblastichesky. Protostomes āhuatanga o te kararehe. i hanga ia pūtau kei i kiriwai teloblastov e takoto i waenganui i ecto- me te kiriroto. Ka rite ki te hua e rua takai me te ira kiriwai iroriki.
2. Enterocoel. he angamaheni hoki te nuinga o deuterostome (kruglorotnye, ika, amphibians) tenei tikanga o te hanganga o te kiriwai. E hanga e pūtau kiriwai i ngā wāhanga motuhake o te punuatuna tahito.
3. Mai i te ectoderm. Kua kitea he tikanga taua i roto i ngokingoki, manu me whāngote. Ko tōna taa ko e hanga e te kiriwai e invagination o te ectoderm.

Ko te hanganga o te kiriwai

He aha te mea te kiriwai? e kore te mea he tautau noa o ngā pūtau ōrite, ka rerekëtanga ki te maha tari mahi o te apa uri tenei. puta āta wehenga mezoblasta, hua i roto i te wāhi e whai ake nei e tohaina:

1. Somites - rua o hanganga rīpene-rite i waenganui i nei i hanga te he katoa - he kōhao tinana tuarua. Tohe i roto i annelids me angawaho.
2. Ko te rudiment o te notochord - kiriwai wahi, i roto i te heke mai whanake ki te chord. He āhuatanga motuhake o vertebrates.
3. I roto i vertebrates, kua hanga e somites i ia sclerotome, dermatitis me te myotome.
4. Splanchnotome - taha pereti i roherohea ki e rua ngā papa motuhake: he roto me te i waho. Therebetween i roto i vertebrates i hanga te whānui.
5. Nephrotomy - hanganga takirua honotanga splanhnostomy.

I muri ui ia wāhanga o te paparanga iroriki, i taea ki te whakatau he aha te mea te kiriwai, a ki te matau he aha te mahi mahi ai nga pūtaiao.

histogenesis

Kiriwai homai ara ki te maha ngā momo o te kopa.

1. flatworms Parenchyma, e whakakiia ana te wāhi i waenganui i te tinana. hanga e te reira i i te kiriwai.
2. Ētahi kopa epithelial uhi waho nga tinana. Ko ētahi o ēnei secretory ngā pūtau, endocrine me exocrine repe.
3. Kiriwai i hanga i wewete kiko tūhonohono kaiota kaiota te, me te mātotoru. Tae atu hanganga o te collagen me muka rapa.
4. pūtau toto i hanga ano hoki i te kiriwai.
5. Wheua, me te wheua ngohe kiko, ratou āhuatanga Pākēha whai takenga mesodermal.
6. Na roto i te faaauraa ki te āhuatanga i hanga o toto, he wāhi i roto i te hanganga o ngā pūtau o te pūnaha ārai mate ano hoki kiriwai.
7. momo katoa o te uaua kiko. uaua Smooth e whakatakotoria i roto i nga taiepa o te nuinga o whēkau. Striated muka Are hanganga āhuatanga o te kōhiwi uaua. Kaua e wareware e pā ana ki te kiko uaua cardiac striated, e ngā nga uaua o te ngakau.

organogenesis

Kopa hanga okana, reira, e kore e uaua ki te imi i te hunga he o takenga mesodermal. homai ana te whakarōpū i runga i ngā pae kiriwai:

• dermatomes - te hanga i te kiri o te kiri (i roto i te hanganga o te kiri ko te werawera me repe sebaceous);
• sclerotomes i hanga i te wahi hāngū o te appatara musculoskeletal (kōhiwi);
• o myotomes aua, - te wahi kaha o te pūnaha musculoskeletal (uaua);
• splanhnostomy hoatu ara ki te mesothelium - he epithelium paparanga kotahi e rārangi te kōhao tinana tuarua;
• pūtau nephrostomy hanga pūnaha puha, me te uri.

whekau Provisory o te take mai mesodermal

Ko reira utu ki te whakahua aua whēkau e te hunga i e ngaro wāhanga rerekē o ontogeny i muri i te mahi o ona mahi. E huaina ratou takitarotia. Ko ētahi o ēnei:

1. Amnion - tetahi o nga kiriuhi o te ira, i mahi e rave rahi mahi faufaa. Ko te tuatahi ko te ki te waihanga i tētahi taiao moana mo te whanaketanga o te kukune. Ko te take e kia tū te hanganga o te tinana i roto i te te wai. No te vertebrates noho i runga i te whenua, te wai i roto i tenei take ko te take whāiti, na i hanga tenei anga i roto i te akoranga o te kukuwhatanga. tiaki Amnion hoki te hua i te kino, tautoko reo mā te whakaū i te kukū tote tamau i te taumata tamau, a ka ārai hoki te ira i te pānga o ngā matū paitini.
2. Allantois - tētahi atu tinana o te ira, i mahi i nga mahi e rua o te kai tōtika, me te respiration. Na roto i te takenga Ko te tereraa o te pūwhera toene, e te tikanga e te hanga e hoki a reira e te pūtau o te kiriroto me kiriwai. I roto i te tangata, ko te iti taepū atu te tahi atu mau melo o te whai tuaiwi te allantois, engari ki runga ki he reira oko toto, e ka taka ki roto ki te kiko uho.
3. Ko te pūwhera toene. Kei roto i tēnei tino rangitahi nga matūkai e tika ana mo te whanaketanga o te kukune. I roto i te hanganga o te toene pūwhera pūtau kiriwai me wāhi, me te kiriroto. He āhuatanga ngā ko te hanganga o te tinana i roto i reira mo nga pūtau toto tuatahi o te tinana.
4. taura pito (uho) - hono te ira me te ewe.
5. Chorion - takotoranga kukune mā e te tāpiritanga ki te kōpū, me te hanganga ewe.
6. Ewe - anake te okana i roto i te kopa tangata i hanga o e rua rauropi: ko te whaea, me te kukune. kukune i roto i te toto ewe i whaea e tango ngā matūkai me te hāora.

mahi kiriwai

Kua whakaaro matou he aha te kiriwai. He aha e nga mahi o te apa iroriki?

Kua whakaaetia te whanaketanga kiriwai flatworms whakakiia i te āputa i waenganui i te tinana o te kiko parenchymal. I roto i te kaiao atu matatau kore parenchyma, engari he rite te parau tumu: te kopa takenga mesodermal hanga nga papa rohe i waenganui i nga tinana. Mezoblasta mahi tino nui ko te hanganga o whekau rangitahi o te ira (allantois, te uho, ewe, etc ...) kiriwai ano pūtau hanga te taiao ā-o kikokiko, toto me te te tīpona.

mutunga

Na ka taea e whakamārama tino koe te mea i te kiriwai. Kua whakaaetia tona mātauranga kararehe ki te neke ki te wāhanga hou o te whanaketanga, rite kitea e te takenga o maha whēkau me te kopa. I tua atu, meinga te hanganga o te membrane waimatū he tupeke kounga i roto i te whanaketanga o vertebrates. Nō reira, ko te kiriwai ko te huānga whanaketanga nui.