Momo o ariā. ariā Mathematical. ariā pūtaiao

Pehea e taea kite i tetahi ariā, me te whakarongo i te tangata hou! A ka taea e waiho ratou tohutohu rawa rerekē. A e kore te mea poitirere tenei, no te mea i reira he momo rerekē o ariā. Ko tenei tika ki te meka e i roto i te tikanga ki te hanga a ratou te whakamahi i huarahi rerekē, me e hāngai ratou i āhuatanga rerekē o te pāpori tangata. Heoi, i reira he he ariā tōrangapū, pāngarau, ōhanga, pāpori. Engari kia tangohia a katoa te titiro.

mōhiohio whānui

Ka taea te mohio ki te tikanga o te pūtaiao i te kupu "ariā" i roto i te rua ara matua: kuiti, me te whanui. Ko te tuatahi o enei e pā ana ki te puka teitei o te whakahaere o te matauranga, i homai he tirohanga te katoa i runga i te hononga lalahi me ngā tauira i roto i te wāhi ngā o mooni. I roto i tenei take, no te he ariā pūtaiao e āhuatanga o te oraraa o te pūnaha o te au, te hononga arorau i waenganui i nga mea timatanga, hatchability o tona ihirangi i te huinga motuhake o ngā ariā me tikanga e whakaaturia (ko tenei kia meatia rite ki etahi tikanga arorau, me te huarahi). Ko te katoa, me te whakahaere i te ariā taketake. A he aha te mea i raro i te matau i te reira i roto i te tikanga whānui o te kupu?

Theory o pūtaiao i roto i tenei take ko te huinga o ngā whakaaro, ngā tirohanga, me whakaaro, e kua tikanga ki te whakamāori etahi hui (rōpū o mahinga rite ranei). E kore e kitea e koe tetahi mea maere? Ki te whakaaro koe e pā ana ki taua mea, i roto i tenei take, kua ratou ake tata katoa ariā. Justice hoki reira he utu mea e mo te wahi tino no ratou ki te ao o te hinengaro rā. Ngā mihi ki a ratou te tangata whakarite i tona whakaaro o te tika, pai, aroha, me te tikanga o te ora, whanaunga ira, pou-tūpāpaku oraraa, me te rite.

He aha ariā?

taunaki ratou he ahua o huarahi "pūtau" o te matauranga pūtaiao. Kei roto i te ariā hou te matauranga e wātea ana, me te ngā tukanga e i whiwhi ai, ka whakamatauria. Ko, kua reira te taketake "whare" rauemi - te matauranga. E hono ana ratou ki tetahi ki tetahi whakaritenga. Kua i ratou, kia rite ki nga tikanga o arorau, hanga waeua.

Noa 'tu eaha whakaaro momo o ariā e i to ratou turanga me e kotahi noa ranei te torutoru whakaaro (whakapae) e whakaherea rongoā ki ngā raruraru motuhake (ranei ara ratou matatini katoa) tonu. E ko, i roto i te tikanga kia huaina ki te pūtaiao tonu-parirau, he ranea ki te whai noa i te ariā pai whakawhanakehia-. Ka rite ki te āhuahanga tauira.

He mea ngāwari ki te matau i te ariā?

Hei timata ki tatou e matau i te ariā waeua, raruraru me whakapae. Ka taea e ratou maha uru ki te rerenga kotahi. Hoki te ariā o te taua ko reira tata e taea. Na, ki te whakamārama me te whakatika ona maha ara tuhituhi mahi katoa. Ko reira nui ki te whakamahi hei tauira ki te ariā o te tōpapa ao i whakatakoto Newton. Hoki tona ako tuhituhi e ia he mahi whakaemi i roto i 1987, i huaina nei ko "Mathematical Ngaahi Tefito'i Mo'oni o Natural Philosophy". Tuhituhi i te reira hau atu i te 20 nga tau ka mau ia. Otiia e kore e tenei tikanga e ko na matatini e kore e taea e ratou matau i te tangata noa te ariā taketake.

Matua kia tuhia te reira e kia whakarāpopotohia te ariā i roto i te maha schematic (me, aua, kōpeketia) puka. Tenei huarahi whakarato ka whiwhi e i roto i o te katoa iti, iti, a maha tangohia i roto o nga taiapa whakatika tautohetohe me te taunaki tautoko. I tua atu, rite kōrero mua, he tūturu ki te hanga i to ratou ake ariā, i te hunga he whānui o tona wheako ake me tona tātaritanga tangata ia. Na reira, ki te hiahiatia ki te taa pūtaiao e haafifi me mahi pinepine whakamana.

momo o ariā

E wehea ratou i runga i te pūtake o to ratou hanganga, i roto i te tahuri hāngai nei i runga i ngā tikanga o te hanga ariā. Tohatoha enei momo o ariā:

• He pononga.
• Inductive.
• Hypothetical-deductive.

Hoki ia o ratou whakamahi ona ake pātengi, aroaro nei i roto i te puka o huarahi rerekē e toru.

ariā he pononga

Kua whakapumautia taua ariā i roto i te pūtaiao mai i te ra o te onamata. Ko ratou te faahoho'araa o te nanakia me te pū o te matauranga pūtaiao. Ko te māngai tino rongonui o tenei momo ko te ariā pāngarau. Ka rite ki tauhanga he tauira formatizirovannuyu. I tua atu ki reira, nui aro kua hoki kua homai arorau ōkawa me etahi manga o ahupūngao (thermodynamics, electrodynamics me rehe). He tauira matarohia o tenei take ko te āhuahanga Euclidean. Ki te maha tukinotia reira matauranga kore anake, engari ano hoki i rite te tauira o te nanakia pūtaiao. He aha te mea nui i roto i te anga o tenei ahua?

Here, e toru wāhanga te ngā tino: te mau marôraa mana'o (axioms), te uara whakaaturia (tauwehe) me te taunakitanga (ture, whakatau). Mai reira, tino taea e te rongoā search engine, me te hoahoa huri. He tino hua i roto i tenei whakaaro ko te rau tau 20. Na ka whakawhanakehia rite te huarahi hou, me te taumata taketake o te matauranga (i roto i te ariā o te tūponotanga e taea te hoatu hei tauira). tonu ratou ki te hoahoa me te hanga tika i teie nei, engari kia tae noa i reira he mea e taea e kia tino tahuri te to tatou ora.

ariā inductive

Kei te whakapono te reira e kore ratou e te tīariari i roto i te puka parakore, no te mea e kore e whakarato reira matauranga apodictic me arorau tangi. Ko te kupu, he tokomaha e mea, he aha te tikanga o te enei tikanga inductive. Āhuatanga e ratou matua mo te pūtaiao māori. Kua whakawhanakehia tēnei āhuatanga e tika ana ki te meka i ko tenei te wahi e taea e koe te tīmata ki ngā me ngā meka, a ki te whakaoti i te kōrero whānui ariā.

Ahakoa te mohio reira i tino rongonui i te rau tau torutoru i mua ariā inductive. Otiia whakanohoia e ratou ki runga ki te backburner no o te rahi o te moni i runga i ahuareka pūtaiao. I muri i te katoa, whakaaro e pā ana ki te pehea, ki te hanga i te ariā o te tūponotanga, ki te haere mai matou ki a ia ara mahi! putanga Inductive te tikanga timata i te tātari me te whakatairite i te whiwhi i roto i te whakamātautau mātakitaki ranei raraunga. Ki te kitea e ratou te tahi mea rite noa ranei, ka e te whakatakiruatanga o ratou rite te tūranga ao.

ariā hypothetical-deductive

He motuhake ki te pūtaiao māori ratou. whakaaro te kaihanga o tenei momo te ki Galileo Galilei. I tua atu, whakatakotoria ano e ia nga turanga, me te pūtaiao whakamātau. I muri, kua whakamahia e ratou i roto i te maha nui o physicists, i whai wāhi ki te whakatōpū o te rongo o nāianei. Ratou ngako ko e e atu te kairangahau nounou maia, te pono o te mea pahuhu noa. Katahi te whakapae mā te whakamahi i te tikanga deductive e ahu corollaries. tonu tenei tukanga noa, ka reira te whiwhi taua tauākī kia e taea te fakafekau'aki reira ki te wheako. Ki te haapapu whakamātautau hōhonu tona hāngaitanga, kua mutu te reira e ko tika te whakapae taketake.

Aha wāhanga kia whai i te ariā pūtaiao?

He maha te whakarōpū. Ki te karo whakama, tango matou rite te pūtake mo te tetahi e fokotu'u Shvyrov. He whakahauanga nga wāhanga e whai ake nei ki runga:

• Initial pūtake tëtehi. Kei kua oti te tuhituhi ki runga ki tenei meka ira me te matauranga, i whiwhi nei rite ki te hua o ngā me rangahau hiahia.
• Initial pūtake ariā. E tenei te tikanga o te he plurality o axioms tuatahi marôraa me whakapae ture whānui e ngātahi tukua whakaahua whakaaro ahanoa Päkehä.
• Arorau. E pā ana tēnei ki te whakatūnga o te anga mo te kitenga, me te taunakitanga.
• He huinga o tauākī. Ko ētahi o ēnei taunakitanga e hanga ake te nuinga o te matauranga e wātea ana.

te whakamahi o

Me kï reira e te ariā ko te pūtake mo te ako o te maha o ngā tukanga, me te ngā mahi. A taea te hanga e ratou ake i te wa ano, me te i runga i te wheako mahi, a ki runga ki te pūtake o te whakaaro tātari. Na reira, i reira e, hei tauira, ngā momo rerekē o te ariā o te ture. Ano, kia tuhia te reira e tetahi, a taea te whakaahuatia te taua kaupapa ki te taumata rerekē, me ona āhuatanga, aua, ka rerekē.

I roto i te tahi mau vahi, he reira Nireaha ki te Waeine, rite kitea e nga momo o te ariā ohaoha, a i roto i te akoranga e tika ana i ngā ahunga hou. Otiia, rata tonu he maha o kai i roto ia ratou pā te faahapa. Ahakoa ētahi wā Me tika etahi whakapae (a te mutunga turanga i roto i te pūtaiao) ki te whakaemi i te nui etahi o te matauranga. I mua i hanga e koe ariā takenga tangata o Lamarck ko Darwin, i whakahaeretia he whakarōpū whānui o kaiao. kua te ako o enei āhuatanga kua te hītori o te pūtaiao. Ka rite ki faaite e tenei ako, te whanaketanga tonu o te ariā (i ngā tona whakarerekētanga, whakamahine, whakapai ake me te āwhīwhiwhi ki ngā wāhi hou) i runga i te wā e taea e totoro i roto i te kotahi rau tau.

pono

Ko te āhuatanga nui hoki tetahi ariā ko tona haamauraa mahi, e whakatau i te tohu o tona mana. Here, mo te tauira, to tatou te ariā tōrangapū tino, ta nei e i roto i tenei āhuatanga me mahi koutou rite tenei i roto i te tahi mau ara. Ki te kore mahi ki te whakau ranei whakakahore tona whai huatanga, te whakatau i runga i tona tono takoto ki te iwi, e hua ana ki te mana.

A i roto i te take te wahi i reira he etahi mana i roto i te pā ana ki reira, ko reira taea kua ki ako i te wheako ngā ka tango i te whakatau e tika ana i runga i ranei ki te kia e kore ranei ki te whakatinana i te reira. Tenei mahi whakarato ariā tātari nui. Ki te tikanga whakawhanakehia i roto i taea reira, te whakamahi i te tikanga pūtaiao ki te tātai i te tūponotanga o te whakatinanatanga angitu, me te he wahi ki te kitea e "kohatu huna."