He aha te mea te pūtake ariā?

Kei te huri kia tere e takoha te tangata te ki te whakarite tonu ratou mahere, te whakawhanake i te ora Modern, a mo tenei whakaaro ki te whakamahi i tetahi pūtake ariā i roto i nga mara o te mahi.

hangarau Hoahoa i roto i te pūtaiao hou

Nā ki te rere nui o ngā mōhiohio, i taka i runga i te tangata hou, no ngā hāngaitanga hoahoa riro tikanga whakaako papatipu. I roto i te rau tau 21, he kore e taea te pūtake ariā o te ako i waho te whakamahi o te huarahi rangahau. Ahakoa, ki te kore e pā ana te ora o te tangata ki ngā mahi pūtaiao, kahore kaupapa me rangahau pakeke ki te kia whakataetae i roto i te ao i teie mahana. Ki te whakatupuranga o muri o paetahi māia i roto i te ora tūturu, i ngā taumata katoa o te mātauranga ki te whānuitanga mōrahi te whakamahi i te turanga ariā o te mahi: hoahoa, rangahau.

mātauranga Russian rite te pūtake o te matauranga pūtaiao

Ki te i roto i te kaiako kura Soviet whakamahia noa te pūtake ariā, whakaako kaupapa rerekē, inaianei kua hoatu te hiahia ki tikanga hua o te whakangungu. kaimātai hinengaro kāinga me ngā kaiako ki te whakawhanake i hou hangarau mātauranga, i roto i nei te pūtake ariā o te ako, kīnaki e te whakamātau tonu. O ngā moni e whakaaturia i roto i te hua whiwhi e tohunga Pākehā, ko wai hoki te maha tekau tau kua pai whakamahia i roto i te tukanga whakangungu, e kore anake nga turanga ariā o te raraunga ako, engari tāpiri rangahau mahi.

āhuatanga ariā

Matau pūtake auaha tā tonu te pūtake ariā mō te hanganga o te whakahaere. Te kore te whakamahi o ngā raruraru te whanaketanga pūtaiao o te hangarau, me te tikanga hoahoa, e kore koutou e taea e te whakahaere i te ao hou, o ngā tukanga production. hāngai pūtake, matau, takahi whakawhanakehia me pūtaiao e hāngai ana auaha te i runga i nga tūranga ariā o te hoahoa. I tēnei wā, kahore ako pūtaiao o nga raruraru o te tikanga me te hoahoa tikanga e kore e taea e te whakahaere i te tukanga faafariuraa. Take e pā ana ki te hoahoa whakaaro i roto i te mahi o pūtaiao Russian, me te ke: V. N. Burkova, YV Gromyko, Ei Mashbatsa VE Radionova. Mai i te pūtake ariā mō te hanganga o ngā tauira akoranga hou i tata e pā ana M. M. Potashnik, EA Yamburg.

kupu āhuatanga

Hoki te wa roa i te wā pērā i "kaupapa", whakamahia te nuinga i roto i te mara hangarau. I whai pānga te reira ki te whanaketanga o te tuhinga matatini. I tēnei wā, ko te tikanga hoahoa ko te pūtake ariā o te maha ao o mahi a te tangata: tuhituhinga, whare tapere, hangarau, waiata. Hei tauira, i roto i te whakaaro i te pātai o te hiranga o te whakamahere pāpori mō ngā mātua, ngā ākonga, te ahanoa o te ako, ko te ki te titiro hoki te faufaa o te whakamātau taua.

Ko te hātepe o te kaupapa

He etahi pūtake ariā mō te whanaketanga o tetahi kaupapa, ahakoa o tona ūnga. Hei tīmata ki te whakapae, e ko, te whakaaro e ka turaki whakaū i muri i tutakina iho ranei. Hei tauira, ki te whakamahere koe ki te ako pāpori rite whakaaro ka taea e koe te whiriwhiri mēnā ki te hoatu ngā ākonga te pūkenga o te mahi kaupapa i roto i te mahi mātauranga, me te ki tua.

Next, tīpako i te whai wāhi tika i roto i te mahi: māngai o te hapori ā-, ngā mātua, ngā kaimahi, ngā ākonga.

A, no te tango ngā taumata tautuhinga ki pūkete nga turanga ariā o te whakahaere, pau o te whakahaere. Tei runga i te aronga o te kaupapa, hoki reira ko te mahi o:

• ako i te pūtake ariā o te mahi (mātauranga, tāpoi, ahumahi);
• te heheu mai i te faufaa o te whakatinanatanga o te kaupapa;
• ako i te wheako o te kamupene - whakataetae.

I roto i te taahiraa i muri mai i whakaritea e te hāngaitanga o te mahi, tona faufaa ariā, me te mahi. Ko te kaupapa ake tā te whakataki, tātaitanga, tātari mākete, mutunga, rārangi pukapuka, kupu whakataki o te tirohanga, me te tūponotanga ōhanga.

mahi kaupapa Pūtake

Design - te pūtake ariā o te mahi o tetahi kamupene. Kei te hono te reira ki te timatanga o te huringa i roto i te taiao i hanga. Ko te matamaha tenei raruraru, ko reira rite tika ana mo nga mea katoa o ngā mahi. whakaaro e hoahoa te ki he wae nui o te ora o te tangata hou, no te mea ia o tatou kua ki te tioka i ngā whāinga motuhake ki te mahi ki to ratou whakatinanatanga. Mai he motuhake o te mahi enei tukanga, ko ratou he āhuatanga ahurea, me te hītori. Ka taea te whakaaro mohio tenei mahi, no te mea i mua i "e ngana ana" mo te rauemi tūturu, he mea e tika ana ki te matapae, te tirotiro, te aromatawai, matapae i te mau hopearaa o whakaaro. Ngā mihi ki te pūtake pūtaiao o te hoahoa, i reira ko te hanga o ngā mahi hou, whakawhānui i te Horizons o subjectivity tangata. He etahi āhuatanga o te kaupapa:

• tona hoki ki tō te heke mai;
• takotoranga ki te āhua tino i te wā wā;
• kanohi rite te tikanga o te whakatutuki i te pūnaha o te heke mai;
• te aroaro o te timatanga me te mutunga o te mahi kaupapa.

Ki te tātari tatou te pūtake ariā o te hinonga motuhake i roto i te whanaketanga o ngā kaupapa, he mea e tika ana ki te whakahua i te paearu mahi (āhua).

1. Ko te hononga tika ki nga hiahia o nāianei, me te tikanga whāinga motuhake o te pūnaha.
2. Te kōrero i te faufaa o te whakatamarikitanga o whakatau ōrite, me te kawenga.

whāinga tonu tenei tikanga i whaiaro mahi-, he āhua mahi-hāngai. Kei te arotahi te reira i runga i rongoā mahi takahi nui raruraru. Me kia sino, repeatable i roto i te mahi tūturu tenei hua.

te whakamahi o ngā whakaritenga e hāngai ana kaupapa-

Ko te anga ariā mō te tātaritanga e taea kahore tenei hangarau. He mea nui ki te whai i te raruraru e titau te matauranga integrated. Hei tauira, e hiahia ana koe ki te tūhura i te raruraru taupori i roto i ngā rohe ngā o te ao, ki te ako te ua waikawa, te hanga koutou ake mahi haere. Ka taea e ngā mahi mahi hinengaro kia takitahi, rōpū, ngā. I nga atamira i whakaaro ai reira e Whakarāpopoto tapekeroto. Āhuatanga o te tikanga kaupapa ko e he i te mau melo katoa o te kapa i roto i ngā āhuatanga rite. He tangata katoa nga kaha katoa ki te riro i te rangatira, ki te kawe i ngā kawenga mō te hanga mahi.

Variety o tono o nga turanga ariā o te hoahoa

turanga ariā o te whakahaere o te hinonga whai wāhi i roto i te whakarato o ngā ratonga e kore e rerekē i ētahi atu ao o te mahi. Ahakoa i roto i nga wa onamata reira ko etahi iwi, me te whakahaere katoa, whakarato ratonga ngaio e utu, me te matatini, tono mōhiotanga motuhake pūtaiao me ngā pūkenga, me te etahi taputapu. I roto i te rau tau 20 i hou te mahi wāhi nui-tauine o te mahi a te tangata. "Ratonga" e iritihia i te reo Ingarihi ko te ahua motuhake o te mahi a te tangata, e hāngai ana ki te whakatutuki i te hiahia o te kiritaki i roto i te whakarato o te tetahi whānuitanga o ngā ratonga.

Huarahi ki te ite i te ngako o te mahi

Whakaaro nga turanga ariā o hinonga i roto i tenei aronga, faaoti i te reira ki te tohatoha ki ratou ngako. ka kite a Ratonga te rite te ahua o te mahi a te tangata. Hoki te rāngai ratonga e aifaito i teie nei ki taua rāngai matua rite transportation, pūtea, hokohoko, ahumahi me te whakangahau hākinakina, te hauora, whakahaere, te mātauranga, te pūtaiao. Ko reira te mea he whakarōpū i runga i wha momo taketake o te mahi a te tangata:

tukua 1. turanga Mā te ki te whakahaere i te rauemi tonu, me te takotoranga whakawhanake o ngā ratonga rerekē, ko te kupu tino makona nga hiahia rauemi katoa o te taupori. Hei tauira, ki te tuhi, ka taea e koe te hanga i te tahi mau taonga me ngā pūrere hangarau, taputapu whakatika.

2. Nā ki te ratonga takotoranga hinengaro, ki te makona rauemi kore anake mau hinaaro pae varua, engari ano hoki. Hei tauira, kei te āwhina ratonga mātauranga me hangarau ICT ki whakaako i te whakatupuranga o muri o te whenua, tukanga i roto i te tikanga ngaio te mōhiohio ki te whakahaere i te tātaritanga tauanga o nga hua o te mahi o te kamupene hinonga ranei.

3. Nā ki te puka o ngā mahi uara-takotoranga whakaturia mahu'inga o nga pānga pāpori me te taiao ngā homai mo te hapori ratou he aromatawai taipitopito. Whai wāhi ki tenei pānuitanga, tohungatanga, tātaritanga, te aronga toi.

4. ahua kōrerorero o te mahi ko te ara o te kōrero i waenganui i ngā rōpū me kiritaki takitahi. Hoki tenei rohe ngā mahi ratonga rite whakaaturanga, whakaaturanga, hui, kōrero i roto i te ratonga Ao Tukutuku Whānui, whiriwhiri, whakangungu hinengaro, kōrero.

Hoatu ana te pūtake ariā o te tātari, ki te māngai o te momo rerekē o ngā ratonga whakatau tino hiahia kiritaki. Hei matau ratou, he mea nui ki te rangatira i te huarahi o tenei mahi.

He aha te mea te hiahia

Ko te reira i te huru tangata, e whanake rite ki te hua o pakanga i waenganui i te ngā, me te tika, ue'i ki te tango i mahi e hāngai ana tona tango. Ki te awhina o te mahi e wahi ki te whakatutuki i tenei raruraru. He he he wehenga ki ngā hiahia tuatahi, me te tuarua. Ko te tuatahi he whaiaroaro i te natura, e maha congenital. Hei tauira, te hiahia mo te wai, kai, moe. E te whakamutunga te āhua hinengaro. I roto ia ratou e nehenehe e tatou whakahua tauira o aroha, te whakaute, te angitu, te mana. puta ratou i te tangata āta. Mai te katoa kua ratou ake wheako, te hiahia tuarua nui atu atu i tuatahi.

Kua hanga e civilisation Pākehā Modern te tirohanga e herea mana pāpori reo, te whanaketanga whānui o te tuakiri, te taumata o te mātauranga te ahurea. titau te pūnaha taua nga uara o te hapori te tikanga i roto i te mea e taea te whakaoti i te whanaketanga noa o te tuakiri. Whakaae i roto i Europe oaoa i enei momo o ratonga, whakawhetai ki nei i reira ko te whanaketanga me te fakatupulaki o te takitahi. Me Modern Pākehā he huinga etahi o taonga faufaa, e kore e nga ngākau nuitanga o te moke e. Ratonga patua ana i tenei ra, e hāngai ana ki ngāwari, pūnaha ngohengohe o ngā hiahia pāpori-ahurea. Tenei taea ki a koe taui i te reira ki te aronga whiriwhiri e te e te kiritaki.

Kotler mea e te mahi ko te hui painga e ai tetahi rōpū tuku etahi painga tuarua. Wehewehe rerekē rerekē o te whakarōpū o ngā momo me te momo. Ko te turanga pūtaiao taea ki te whakaputa paearu kākahu me kaupapa mo ratou wehewehe whāngai i roto i ngā whenua me rohe.

mahi he halá o te tahi mau whenua kōrero ratou whakarōpū i runga i te pūtake o ngā paearu tuitui: hōkai, momo o mahi. Wehea ratonga typologically rite:

• production (tiaki, riihi, engineering, hanga taputapu);
• ngaio (inihua, pēke, pānuitanga, mätanga);
• kiritaki (papatipu);
• tūmatanui (mātauranga reo irirangi, te ahurea, pouaka whakaata).

Ka mau ia ki pūkete te mahi hītori o ngā mahi ohaoha kia mahi Unit i te pūtake o te huarahi rängai. Hei tauira, i reira he i roto i Russia hou, pai whakahaere classifier motuhake o ngā ratonga i hurihia ki te taupori.

mutunga

Tetahi institution mātauranga i roto i ngā āhuatanga hou e hiahiatia ana ki te waihanga i te tikanga tino arotau mō te whanaketanga tonu o te takitahi, he pūkenga whakaaro auaha, me te arohaehae, kitá-. Kahore he matauranga o ariā ki te mahi ki ngā mahi e kore e taea e taua whare. I roto i nga tikanga maha e whakatairanga motuhake, te kaha ki te urutau ki te rerekē haere mau o te hapori hou, he wahi motuhake no ki te hangarau hoahoa. No vahi o te mahi, e kore e taea te mahi i te whakawhanake hinonga kahore ratou ake rangahau, me te kaupapa. He pai hoki te hunga e faaoti ki te tamata tona ringa i roto i te mahi kōwhiringa Whakaoho. e kore e ratou te āwhina noa ki te whiwhi mōhiotanga pūtaiao, engari ano ki te whakatairanga ratou tono i roto i te mahi. Kei te āwhina kaupapa o nāianei ki te whakatau i te tetahi mahi, ki conceptualize te rauemi ariā, te whakamahi i te mōhiohio i roto i te taiao hou.

Tīmata i te kaupapa - ko te ki te whakawhanake huarahi o te whanaketanga o ngā ākonga (e hāngai ana i runga i o ratou hinaaro, me te moni) rauemi kaupapa me te mahi whakamahere i runga i te tirohanga ngā. Ko te kupu, homai ia ākonga te te tika tūturu ki te whiriwhiri i te ara o tou ahunga whakamua i roto i te whanaketanga o te rauemi hōtaka homai.

hoahoa whakamutunga te āwhina tonu hua huarahi i roto i etahi pekanga o te kamupene i roto i te wā tātarihia. Tei runga i te ihirangi, tohatoha monopredmetnye, rangahau whitinga. mahara te mahi tāpoi te ki faaaravihi i te whakahaere o kiritaki hākinakina. Otiia ara i roto i te rāngai ahumahi-kore , kahore he pūtake pūtaiao tonu he mahuinga. I mua i whakahere etahi tohutohu ki kiritaki, ako kaimahi kamupene mōhiohio taipitopito e pā ana ki nga pikonga katoa o te haerenga ki te whakautu i ngā pātai e te hunga mohio ki te puta i roto i to ratou kiritaki. ratonga Modern whakaratohia ki kiritaki, hono hoki ki te matauranga ariā. I roto i tetahi poi o te ora tangata, me te mahi i runga i te wahi tuatahi i reira ko te kaha ki te whakamahi i ngā mōhiohio pūtaiao, te paku te reira rite ki te tikanga tūturu, mo te āhuatanga motuhake.