He aha te mea te rohe ōhanga. Central rohe Black Earth: mōhiohio whānui

Central Black Earth rohe ōhanga ko tino nui i roto i te hanganga ōhanga o te Russian Federation (TSCHER). Ko e tika ana ki te wāhi me te hanga whakaurunga matawhenua kei roto i tona rohe tenei. Kia a ako atu o te mea te tikanga rohe ōhanga Central Black whenua. arotahi hoki i runga i te whakamāramatanga o te ariā o te regionalization.

rohe Economic Russia

rohe Economic - he wāhanga o te whenua e kua etahi āhuatanga o whāiti ōhanga, hanganga noa, tikanga o te kōrero.

e kore te mea Redistricting wahi o te wehenga whakahaere-rohe o te whenua, a ka kaimahi rite te wā ōhanga-matawhenua ki te faaohie i te māramatanga o ngā hononga ōhanga, me te ake rave'a watea ki te whakamahere whanaketanga atu o te rohe.

I tēnei wā, i roto i te Russian Federation tohatoha enei ma rua kaupapa. Ko te ōhanga rohe o Central Black Earth - tetahi o ratou. I reira ka kia kōrero i roto i te taipitopito atu i raro.

Ko te hea, ao o te rohe

Kei Economic Region Central Black whenua te i roto i te wahi te tonga-hauauru o Russia. Te pa nui rawa, me i te wa ano ona pokapū unofficial - Voronezh, e kua he taupori o runga i te 1 miriona iwi. Ko te hanganga o te rohe ōhanga Central Black Earth ngā rima rohe o Russia: Kursk, Lipetsk, Voronezh, Belgorod, Tambov. (. 52 200 km sq) te wāhi nui o enei -Voronezhskaya, me te rohe iti kua Lipetsk - 24,000 mita pūrua. km. Area Belgorod, ngā wāhi Kursk ko Tambov ko 27100, 30 000 ranei 34 500 sq. km aua.

I te tahi taime te tuku ai ki te rohe rite Orel rohe, e kua i roto i te noa ki te tahi atu tumu parau o te aamu Russian o onäianei rite o te whanaketanga me te hononga kaha ōhanga. Otiia i roto i te taiao e pā ana o tenei ra pā reira ki te rohe ōhanga Central.

Ko te kupu, 167 700 sq. km - te wāhi rohe, e kua te rohe ōhanga Central Black whenua. EGP (āhuatanga ōhanga me te matawhenua) ko reira tino pai. Ko te rohe ko te wa taua kei i roto i pātata whanaunga ki te pane, me te he whānuitia tata ki te rohe ki kāwanatanga i waenganui i Russia me Ukraine. whai wāhi ana tēnei ki te rerekē haere nui i roto i tona rohe, e, Heoi, heke e tika ana ki te ähua o whanaunga ki hoa.

ingoa

ka Economic Region (Central Black Earth) tona ingoa i roto i te wa o te Russian Empire, ka tino nohoia he tūranga pokapū i roto i te wahi Pākehā o te whenua. I tēnei wā, e kore te mea katoa pono tona ingoa mōhiohio, mai kei te rohe kei te i runga i nga rohe ki te hauauru o Russia, a kahore he fakasiokālafi pokapū.

rohe Black Earth ingoa e tika ana ki te meka i te pūtake o tona oneone he momona oneone mangu. Tona ingoa tuarua, e kua he tohanga tika whanui - Black Earth.

kōrero

Central Black Earth ōhanga rohe o Russia he hītori kaua ngā me te roa o te whanaketanga.

atu ki te parahi Age te whakataunga tuatahi o te tangata hou kua kitea i roto i tenei rohe ko. Ko ratou te tikanga pera-ka karanga abashevo. I muri mai, i nohoia te rohe e maha iwi Chernozemya: Site, Sarmatians, Alans, Khazars, Pechenegs, Cumans.

I roto i ngā wāhanga nui o te rohe noho me iwi Slavic o northerners, te wahi i huaina e ia Siverschyna. meinga ia wahi o te kāwanatanga Russian Old, a muri ona tiango ko wahi o Chernigov me mau Novgorod-Seversky. i tuhia i Foundation o te pa o Kursk te 1032 tau. Ko ia te matamua o te whakataunga i ngā i roto i te rohe o te repo Black.

I muri ka haere mai te whakaekenga Mongol o enei whenua ki te ururua. Here haereere Nogai. riro Te Hau-ā-uru o te rohe Central Black Earth nāianei wahi o te Duchy o Lithuania.

Mai i te rautau XV te whakapakari nui o te rangatiratanga Moscow, i tahuri ki te kingitanga Russian. Tona mana timata reira ki horapa ki nga whenua o Chernozem. oho ēnei tāngata ki te tiaki i nga rohe tonga o te whenua i te Crimean Khanate me noa i roto i te rapu o whenua momona. I te mutunga o te rautau te pa ono hanga Belgorod ko Voronezh, a muri ka nga pa nui, a inaianei ko te pokapū rohe.

I roto i te Russian Empire, i muri i te whakahou whakahaere o 1708, wehea rohe Chernozem i waenganui i nga kawanatanga Azov me Kiev. Ka taea e tatou te mea e i roto i tenei wa, mai i te mutunga o te rau tau XV, kei te nuinga taratahi te rohe ia, a riro he maha o ngā āhuatanga ki a ia. Na roto i te 1880 ngā whakaputa o tatauranga, i nei tu te rohe pokapū ahuwhenua (TSCHER heke mai), e ngā te kawanatanga e whai ake nei: Kaluga, Voronezh, Penza, Ryazan, Tambov, Kursk, Orel, Tula.

I muri i te taenga mai o te mana Soviet, i 1928, i hanga ai he rohe Central Black Earth motuhake ki te pokapū rohe o Voronezh. Ko tōna hanganga ngā nga kawanatanga Orel, Voronezh, Tambov ko Kursk. I roto i te 1934, ka whakakorea te rohe Central Black whenua me wehea i roto i Voronezh me Kursk rohe. I roto i te 1937, i to ratou hanganga tāutuhia i Orel ko Tambov rohe, a i roto i 1954 atu Lipetsk me Belgorod.

Ko te reira i te wā Soviet te nuinga pūkete mo te ahumahi o te rohe, te hanga o wheketere nui me hinonga, me te whanaketanga kaha o te ahuwhenua. I whakaurua te reira i hoki regionalization ōhanga i roto i te tikanga hou o te kupu, a kitea TSCHER.

Ko te atamira hou

I muri i te karanga o te mana arii o te RSFSR i te mutunga o Mei 1991 kauwhautia te Tiamana o te ture Armed Forces Borisa Eltsina i te hanganga o te Association o "Black Earth", i hangaia ki te whakahaere taunekeneke me te mahi tahi o ngā wāhanga takitahi o te rohe. Na roto i te 2010, te Association ngā 10 rohe, 5 o nei e kore e whakaurua i TSCHER, ahakoa he ratou i roto i te takiwā tonu o reira.

Ko te hikareia 90-s te katoa o Russia, me te, kei te haere te rohe i roto i nga wa pakeke: hinga production, katia maha pakihi i. i tika ki te mita o te whakawhitinga i te āta whakamaheretia ki te ōhanga mākete tenei. Otiia mai te tīmatanga o nga 2000, kua tino pai ake te āhuatanga ōhanga o te rohe Central Black Earth, ahakoa tonu matara i te nana tino tona pūmanawa tonu.

taupori

Ko te taupori o te rohe ōhanga Central Black Earth i te kau, ko te pā ana ki 7800 mano. Tangata i te mātotoru o 46 iwi ia kiromita tapawha. km. He maha nui o te iwi e ora i roto i te pa - e pā ana ki 70%, me te% 30 anake o te taupori he noho tuawhenua.

Ko te rohe tino kapi o Chernozem - Voronezh. Ko te taupori i reira he 2.3 miriona iwi, o nei neke atu i te 1 miriona pūkete hoki ia Voronezh. Ko te noho mea whakamutunga i Tambov rohe - 1.05 miriona iwi. Taupori Belgorod, Lipetsk ko Kursk rohe 1.6, 1.2 me te 1.1 miriona te iwi. aua.

Ko te kiato teitei o taupori i roto i te rohe Belgorod -. 57,1 tangata / sq. km. Ko te iti rawa i roto i te Tambov -. 30.5 tangata / sq Km. km. pūkete tohu e hāngai ana Lipetsk, Voronezh ko Kursk rohe mo 48.1, 44.7, 37.3 tangata / sq. M. km.

Ko te hanganga motu o te tau nui o te iwi i roto i te rohe (i runga i 95%) e Russian. Ko te maha o Ukrainians kore e nui ake 1.5-2% o te taupori o te rohe ōhanga. I roto i te tahi atu iti kia tuhia Ararata, Gypsies, Azerbaijanis, Turkey, Hurai me Yezidi Kurds. Heoi, he iti tetahi maha o ngā māngai o enei rōpū matawaka - iti iho i te 0.5% o te tapeke o noho Chernozemya.

pa

pa ki te hītori kororia - he maha nui o whakataunga nui kei runga i te rohe o te rohe Black whenua.

Ko tona pa pokapū te whakataunga nui rawa o te rohe ōhanga - Voronezh, te wahi nui te taupori 1 miriona te iwi. I roto i kia tohaina atu hinonga nui pērā pokapū rohe rite Lipetck (neke atu i te 500 mano. Tangata) Kursk (neke atu i te 420 mano. E noho ana), Bilgorod (neke atu i te 380 mano. Tangata) Tambov (neke atu i te 280 mano. Tangata). Ko te pa o Stary Oskol i te rohe Belgorod te pokapū rohe nui rawa. Ko te taupori, ko te neke atu i te 250 mano. Kainoho.

E tino pai te whakawhanakehia katoa o nga kainga i runga ahumahi me te hanganga.

rauemi

He nui pono rauemi Natural o te rohe ōhanga Central Black whenua. I tona rohe kei te te nui i roto i Russia me te tuarua nui tāpui rino ore i roto i te ao - Kursk Pākatokato ana. I tua atu, i te rohe o te putunga apatite Soil Black kei o bauxite, onepu, pākeho, te uku, Phosphate, taioma, ofa'i, me ētahi atu rauemi maha. He hoki putunga o te koura, konukawata, parahi, me te sēniti.

Ko te rauemi tūturu matua o te rohe ko tona oneone mangu hua. Ko te kounga o te oneone, e tika ana ki te ihirangi ōrau tiketike o te pararopi, taea ki a koe te kohikohi etahi o nga hamunga waina pai i roto i te ao.

ahumahi

Whāiti i o te rohe ōhanga Central Black Earth kua he pūāhua ahumahi, me te ahuwhenua korerotia.

Ahakoa o te whanaketanga maha-iu o te rohe, kei te nuinga ano te wahi o te ahumahi i roto i tona ōhanga i te torutoru i runga i te ahuwhenua. Ārahi tūranga nohoia e te ahumahi e whai ake nei: hanga mīhini, metallurgy, keri, tukatuka kai, matū me te pūngao ahumahi.

ahuwhenua

Ko te aroaro o te oneone mangu hua whai wāhi ki te meka i te ahuwhenua, ko te rohe ōhanga Central Black Earth kua he taumata āhua teitei o te whanaketanga. O te akoranga, whakaritea ki nga wa Soviet i peka te tauine o te hanga i roto i te rängai tino, engari, ahakoa, whakaritea ki ētahi atu rohe Russian Chernozem Economic tohu titiro pai.

Ko te peka tino whakawhanakehia ko te hua. Ko te wāhi matua - te hanga o pata, putirā purapura, te huka pīti, rīwai me ētahi atu huawhenua.

I roto i te kararehe nuinga production e kai, waiu, me hua.

opuaraa whanaketanga

O te akoranga, e tetahi o te pūmanawa tino nui mō te whanaketanga ōhanga i roto i rite ki ētahi atu rohe o Russia TSCHER. He nui rāhui o ngā rauemi māori i roto i te puka o tetahi o nui putunga rino ore o te ao, me te tokomaha nui o te oneone tino hua - chernozems. Kei te tino pai te hoki whakawhanakehia hanganga me te ahumahi o te rohe ōhanga, i reira e tonu maha ahanoa riro i te wā Soviet.

Kia pehea te whai hua ka whakamahi i tei tenei pūmanawa i runga i te ārahi o te whenua kia rite ki te katoa, me te i te feia faatere rohe. Otiia e kore e roto i te heke mai TSCHER iti tei runga i ia tangata e noho ana i reira. Anake pono taea tino kawe i te whāinga, me te ara tonu ki reira hua sino. Heoi, ka taea e tatou te mea e ko kē te whanaketanga o te rohe i runga i te ara tika.